Effect of Tectona grandis on phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia in rats

Traditional oral report indicates that Tectona grandis is used in the treatment of anaemia in Togo. For this purpose, the extract of T. grandis leaves is evaluated on anaemia model of rat induced by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine at 40 mg/kg for 2 days. Oral administration of T. grandis extract at 1 g/kg/day and 2 g/kg/day, to the rats previously treated with phenylhydrazine, increased the concentration of haemoglobin, red blood cells number, haematocrit and reticulocytes rate. Moreover, the extract of T. grandis enhanced the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells that confirm the important presence of young red blood cells. These results support partially the traditional use of T. grandis in the treatment of anaemia.     

An efficient method for clonal propagation and in vitro establishment of softwood shoots from epicormic buds of teak (Tectona grandis L.)

Softwood shoots were produced from 40 cm long stem segments placed horizontally in flat trays containing sterilized sand under natural light or shade conditions for subsequent rooting and micropropagation studies in teak (Tectona grandis L.). Higher number of shoots (6.17) per log was produced under natural light as compared to shade conditions. Forcing was also better in natural light as compared to shade in terms of shoot length, number of nodes or leaves. For rooting, 2–4 cm long softwood shoots were excised and treated with either indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) at 0, 1000, 2000 or 3000 μmol·L^–1 each or with combinations (1000 + 1000, 2000 + 2000 or 3000 + 3000 μmol·L^–1) and then placed in flat trays containing autoclaved sand at 25 ± 2ºC in 16 h photoperiod at 35 µmol·m^–2·s^–1. After 28 days, softwood cuttings treated with IBA + NAA (3000 + 3000 μmol·L–1) had highest rooting percentage (89.3%) with 5.5 mean roots. Shoot apex and nodal explants of softwood cuttings were pretreated with 0.1% (w/v) ascorbic acid, boric acid, activated charcoal, citric acid, glutamine or polyvinylpolypyrollidone (PVP) for 24 h to remove phenolic compounds before surface disinfestation. Glutamine (Gl) and PVP were equally effective resulting in 60% establishment of shoot apices on MS medium supplemented with 10 μmol·L–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 5 μmol·L–1 NAA. Using shoot apices, highest (42.80) number of multiple shoots with 54.33 mm shoot length were obtained on MS + BAP (8.8 μmol·L–1) + IBA (2 μmol·L–1) after 45 days. Shoots were successfully rooted and acclimatized to greenhouse     

Assessment of factors affectingin vitro shoot regeneration from axillary bud explant ofCamptotheca acuminata

Axillary buds from 3-yr.-old seedlings ofCamptotheca acuminata in the greenhouse were cultured on the different basal media with different concentrations of growth regulators for shoot regeneration for studying the effects of different basal media, different concentrations of growth regulators (BA or TDZ), sucrose, agar and pH value on shoot regeneration from axillary bud. The results showed that B5 and WPM media were the optimal basal media and the optimal phyotohormone was BA of 1.0 mg/L or TDZ of 0.1 mg/L; The concentrations of sucrose of 30g/L and agar of 6g/L were most suitable for the shoot regeneration; pH value from 5.8 to 6.6 were broadly effective, but the best at pH 5.8. Foundation item: The research was supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (03061) and Supported by Application Fund of Agricultural Research Production (03EFN216700297). Biography: Wang Hui-mei (1973-), female, Ph.D., Lecturer in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

杜仲带芽茎段的快速繁殖

本文以杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.)为材料,进行了带芽茎段的快速繁殖研究。结果表明:以成年树带芽茎段为外植体进行快速繁殖,1 a中以4、5月份所采取的腋芽萌发和伸长最好,萌发率达90.0%以上,伸长率达80.0%以上,并且中部和顶部腋芽的萌发效果较基部的好。MS附加6-BA 0.10 mg·L~(-1)的培养基诱导腋芽萌发,芽苗在MS附加6-BA 2.00 mg·L~(-1)和NAA 0.05 mg·L~(-1)培养基上继代增殖,以1/2MS附加IBA1.50 mg·L~(-1)和蔗糖20.00 mg·L~(-1)培养基中诱导生根,生根率达90.0%。     

Variation in Shoot Anatomy and Rooting Behaviour of Stem Cuttings in Relation to Age of Donor Plants in Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.)

Shoot anatomical features viz., number of vessel elements, width and length of vessel and fibre elements were studied in relation to juvenility/maturity of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.). The findings show significant differences in these features, which indicates that variation in shoot anatomy can be used as a reliable indicator of juvenility/maturity in teak. The effect of age of donor plants and application of auxins on adventitious root formation in single noded leafy stem cuttings of teak was also investigated. Aging of donor trees suppressed rooting and sprouting of cuttings, but increased callus formation at the base of cuttings. Per cent rooting and per cent sprouting in cuttings decreased as age of donor plants increased from 2-months to 15-years and up to 30-years. IBA treatment promoted per cent rooting as well as per cent sprouting, NAA promoted only rooting and it suppressed sprouting. The effect of auxin treatment on rooting and sprouting of teak stem cuttings varied with the age of donor plants. Auxin and its concentration, which suppressed rooting and sprouting in cuttings of younger donor plants, actually promoted rooting when cuttings were taken from more mature donor plants. It appears that the auxin requirement for causing and promoting rooting in teak cuttings increased with increasing age of donor plants. The higher auxin requirement for causing and promoting rooting in cuttings of older trees may be due to a decrease in the content on endogenous auxins or decreased sensitivity of aging tissues to rooting promoters and /or accumulation of inhibitory substances which inhibit rooting.     

An efficient method for clonal propagation and in vitro establishment of softwood shoots from epicormic buds of teak （Tectona grandis L.）

Softwood shoots were produced from 40 cm long stem segments placed horizontally in flat trays containing sterilized sand under natural light or shade conditions for subsequent rooting and micropropagation studies in teak(Tectona grandis L.) . Higher number of shoots(6.17) per log was produced under natural light as compared to shade conditions. Forcing was also better in natural light as compared to shade in terms of shoot length,number of nodes or leaves. For rooting,2-4 cm long softwood shoots were excise...     

色木槭芽直接增殖途径的培养条件

为建立色木槭芽直接增殖的诱导培养体系,以色木槭野生树木休眠芽萌发枝条为材料,进行芽增殖的培养条件研究。结果表明,4月份是适宜休眠芽培养的取材时期。嫩茎在2%次氯酸钠浸泡20 min是最佳消毒方案。NAA浓度对休眠芽萌发和嫩茎生长的影响具有显著差异。MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+20 g/L蔗糖(pH5.8)是适合休眠芽萌发和嫩茎伸长的培养基。培养30天时,腋芽萌发率可达63.3%,嫩茎平均高度可达15.9 mm。6-BA对芽直接增殖的促进效果好于KT。不同激素组合中,IBA与6-BA组合对芽增殖和丛生芽生长的效果好于NAA与6-BA组合、NAA与KT组合、IBA与KT组合。MS+0.1 mg/L IBA+1 mg/L 6-BA+20 g/L蔗糖是适合芽增殖和丛生芽生长的培养基。培养30天时,芽增殖率可达90%,增殖倍数可达3.19,且茎芽生长正常。     

影响喜树腋芽离体再生因素研究(英文)

本文以温室三年生喜树腋芽为外植体,研究了不同的基本培养基和基本培养基中添加不同浓度生长调节物质(BA 或TDZ)、蔗糖、琼脂以及培养基的pH 值对喜树腋芽分化的影响。结果表明:WPM 和B5 培养基适合喜树腋芽的诱导,MS 培养基不利于喜树腋芽的诱导。适合喜树腋芽增殖和分化的最佳生长调节物质为BA 1.0mg/L 或TDZ 0.1mg/L;最佳的蔗糖浓度为30g/L;最佳的琼脂浓度为6g/L;pH5.8-6.6 的范围均适合喜树腋芽的诱导,但最佳的pH 值为5.8。图1 表5 参14。     

Diversity and genetic structure of teak (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tectona grandis</Emphasis> L.f) in its natural range using DNA microsatellite markers

Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is considered to be an extraordinarily durable building timber with a worldwide reputation. Its widespread use has entailed the over-exploitation of natural forests and a large reduction in natural diversity. Fifteen microsatellite markers were used to study the genetic variability and structure of 166 teak trees distributed over the whole natural area of teak. Analysis showed that in the teak natural area there were four main centers of genetic variability. Two clusters were in India and could be considered as main centers of genetic diversity in teak. The third cluster mainly consisting of populations in Thailand and Laos was genetically very distinct from the Indian populations but presented only half as much allelic variability. A fourth cluster from Central Laos showed even less genetic variability. The use of SSR markers for conservation of teak forest diversity is discussed.     

中华矮樱桃试管苗快速繁殖技术研究

取中华矮樱桃茎段作外植体 ,探讨了其快速繁殖技术 ,筛选出最佳增殖、生根培养基 ,找出了影响试管苗移栽成活率的因素。试管苗增殖系数达到 10 ,生根率 90 7%,移栽成活率 90 %以上。     

Micropropagation of an endangered Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

Santalum album is known as East Indian sandalwood. It is the most economically important tree harvested for heartwood oil, and India is among the chief exporters of sandalwood and its products. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal shoot segments derived from a 50- to 60-year-old candidate plus tree (CPT) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.53 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 11.09 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). In vitro differentiated shoots were multiplied on MS medium with 0.53 μM NAA, 4.44 μM BA, and additives: 283.93 μM ascorbic acid, 118.10 μM citric acid, 104.04 μM cystine, 342.24 μM glutamine, and 10% (v/v) coconut milk. New shoots were harvested repeatedly for up to three subculture passages on fresh medium at 4-week intervals. Microshoots treated with 98.4 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 48 h produced roots on growth-regulator-free, quarter-strength MS basal salts medium with vitamin B₅ and 2% sucrose. In vitro root induction was achieved from microshoots pulsed with 1230 μM IBA for 30 min in soilrite rooting medium. The percentage of rooting in soilrite was higher than that for agar medium, and in vitro raised plants were established in the field and showed normal growth.     

In vitro propagation of a medicinal plant: Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.

In this study a reliable protocol was developed for the establishment of commercial in vitro cultures of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.. Juvenile shoots from one-year-old elite plants were used as the source of explants. New axillary shoots were obtained after 30 days of culture on a MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg·L^–1) and NAA (0.1 mg·L^–1). The optimal multiplication medium was a modified MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg·L^–1) and NAA (0.1 mg·L^–1). This yielded a multiplication rate of 2.4 for each subculture. Slightly more than 92% of shoots rooted when cultured on a modified MS medium containing IBA (0.2 mg·L^–1) and acti-vated charcoal (0.5 mg·L^–1). Activated charcoal promoted both a strong and a high rooting rate during the rooting phase. Plantlets were transferred to pots for a short acclimatization stage in a greenhouse where 95% of the plantlets survived. This highly reproduci-ble procedure can be adopted for large-scale propagation of T. wilfordii.     

Synergism Between IBA and Thiamine for Induction and Growth of Adventitious Roots in Tectona grandis

Abstract

Application of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm) and thiamine (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm) alone or in all possible combinations, was investigated for induction and growth of adventitious roots in branch cuttings of teak (Tectona grandis). Of these, 1000 ppm IBA and 600 ppm thiamine alone or 1000 ppm IBA × 800 ppm thiamine significantly promoted various characteristics of adventitious roots. However, a very strong synergism between IBA and thamine was observed, as the effect of 1000 ppm IBA × 800 ppm thiamine was several fold more pronounced than that of individual application of IBA or thiamine in induction and growth of adventitious roots. Therefore, administration of 1000 ppm IBA × 800 ppm thiamineis recommended for clonal propagation of teak on a large scale.     

Shoot production through cutting culture and micrografting from mature tree explants inAcacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne subsp.raddiana (Savi) Brenan

Shoot propagation from mature tree explants ofAcacia tortilis subsp.raddiana, a tropical tree legume, was studied. The effects of (i) the size of cuttings and (ii) a recut treatment of the donor trees, on axillary bud growth from multinodal horticultural cuttings are reported. Apices from seedlings, axillary buds from young lignified branches of mature trees, and axillary buds obtained through in vitro axillary branching from microcuttings isolated onto mature trees were all successfully micrografted on seedling rootstocks. A sterilization procedure for field explants is reported. Propagation via cuttings and via micrografting are discussed with regard to rejuvenation of mature donor trees.     

Effect of auxins on axillary and de novo shoot regeneration from in vitro shoot cultures derived from forced epicormic buds of teak (Tectona grandis L.)

In this presentation,we report on de novo and axillary shoot regeneration and rooting of shoots maintained over a long term,from cultures of Tectona grandis L.Shoot-tips of teak shoots forced from epicormic buds were used as the starting material for axenic shoot-culture establishment.Long term maintenance of such axenic shoot cultures was carried out by regular sub-culturing on MS media supplemented with N 6-benzyleadenine (BA,8.8 μmol L-1) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA,2 μmol L-1) for 24 months.Vigorously growing shoot tips (2 3 cm long) were inoculated on the MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations (0,1,2,4,6,8 or 10 μmol L-1) of either IBA or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for rooting.Axillary and de novo shoots were developed from axillary and cut basal ends of shoots,respectively.Shoots growing on auxins were further sub-cultured (every 15 days) and maintained for 45 days.The greatest number of de novo (5.06) as well as axillary shoots (2.85) was observed on the MS medium supplemented with 10 μmol L-1 NAA or 8 μmol L-1 IBA,respectively,after 45 days.The combinations of both IBA (μmol L-1) + NAA (μmol L-1) were tested at different concentrations (4 + 4,6 + 6,8 + 8) supplemented to a half strength MS basal medium with 0.1% activated charcoal for rooting of decapitated and non-decapitated de novo and axillary shoots.Rooting from non-decapitated de novo shoots was highest (93.33%) with a mean number of roots of 4.61 on this medium,supplemented with 6 μmol L-1 IBA + 6 μmol L-1 NAA,after 36 days of initial culture.Individual auxin,however,was not effective for root induction.Rooted shoots were acclimatized in a green house and after four weeks plantlets were transferred to the field.     

Clonal propagation ofGmelina arborea Roxb. byIn vitro culture

In vitro propagation technique ofGmelina arborea multipurpose and a fast growing tree species was studied. Nodal segment including axillary bud was used as a explant. They were cultured on MS media containing various concentrations (0–10 mg/l) of BAP alone or in combination with 0.002 mg/l of IBA. Nodal segments showed axillary bud proliferation in almost all media tested. MS media containing 0.22 mg/l of BAP alone and 2 mg/l of BAP in combination with 0.002 mg/l of IBA were effective for inducing multiple shoots and shoot elongation. MS medium supplemented with 0.02 mg/l of NAA and 1 mg/l of IBA gave the best result for rooting. The regenerated plantlets were potted and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber and then moved to the green house. Adventitious shoots production from stem explants that were taken from regenerated plantletin vitro was also discussed. Stem segments were tested for their morphogenetic potential on MS media with various combinations and concentrations of BAP, zeatin and TDZ. Successfull result was obtained on MS media supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP and 1 mg/l of zeatin or supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of BAP and 0.5 mg/l of TDZ. The shoots obtained on MS media containing 2 mg/l of BAP and 1 mg/l of zeatin rooted on MS media containing 0.02 mg/l of NAA and 1 mg/l of IBA, and plantlets were successfully obtained. A part of this paper was presented at the 109th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forest Society (1998).     

Effect of auxins (IBA and NAA) and season on rooting of juvenile and mature hardwood cuttings of Robinia pseudoacacia and Grewia optiva

Juvenile (2 year old trees) and mature hardwood (15 year old trees) cuttings of Robinia pseudoacacia and Grewia optiva were tested for their capacity to form roots. Cuttings were prepared in spring, monsoon and winter seasons and treated with different concentrations (250, 500 and 750 mg/l) of IBA and NAA. These were planted in a mist chamber maintained at 25±1°C with relative humidity >70%. Juvenile cuttings of both species rooted significantly better than mature hardwood cuttings in all three seasons, and the age effect was more pronounced in auxin treated cuttings. The highest rooting in juvenile (83.3%) and mature (66.6%) cuttings was observed with the NAA (500 mg/l) treatment in R. pseudoacacia during the spring season. In G. optiva, IBA (250 mg/l) in the monsoon season was most effective and yielding a maximum of 80% and 70% rooting in juvenile and mature cuttings, respectively. Auxin treatments also significantly enhanced the number of roots, root length, leaf number and leaf area. Statistical analysis of data revealed that interactions between age, season and treatments were significant at P <0.05 level for R. pseudoacacia and non-significant for G. optiva.     

Charcoal and fuel value of agroforestry tree crops

Charcoal was produced from short rotation tropical species ofLeucaena leucocephala andTectona grandis. The combustion-related properties, moisture content, specific gravity and percentage element composition of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and ash in wood and charcoal from the two species were determined. The gross heat of combustion of wood and charcoal was also determined.There were significant differences in the moisture content, specific gravity and percentage element composition between wood and charcoal from the two species. The carbon and ash content of charcoal were higher than those of wood. The average heat of combustion of charcoal 25.25 MJKg^–1 was higher than that of wood 13.75 MJKg^–1.     

In vitro propagation of a medicinal plant: Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.

In this study a reliable protocol was developed for the establishment of commercial in vitro cultures of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.. Juvenile shoots from one-year-old elite plants were used as the source of explants. New axillary shoots were obtained after 30 days of culture on a MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg·L–1) and NAA (0.1 mg·L–1). The optimal multiplication medium was a modified MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg·L–1) and NAA (0.1 mg·L–1). This yielded a multiplication rate of 2.4 fo...     

Vegetative propagation of Aesculus indica through stem cuttings treated with plant growth regulators

Cuttage propagation of Aesculus indica was tested by treatments with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) @ 2000, 4000 (ppm), indolebutyric acid (IBA) @ 2000, 4000 (ppm) and naphthlcetic acid (NAA) @ 2000, 4000 (ppm) in dry formulation in the Forest Nursery, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Shalimar. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 4000 ppm and IBA @ 2000 ppm had a sprouting rate of 75% and 50%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of control and other treatments. The highest rooting rate (50%) was recorded in the cuttings with the application of IBA @ 4000 ppm. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 2000 ppm had 25% rooting rate. All other treatments along with control (talc powder) failed to induce rooting. It was concluded that IBA @ 4000 ppm was a better-applied concentration for vegetative propagation of A. indica under Kashmir conditions. Biography: Mumtaz Majeed (1980– ), male, post graduate in Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar - 191 121, J&K, India.