波尔山羊冷冻精液稀释液及稀释倍数研究

通过研究波尔山羊冷冻精液稀释液和稀释倍数,以筛选最佳稀释液配方、确定适宜的稀释倍数、提高波尔山羊精液冷冻效果。结果表明,4号稀释液解冻后精子活率高于1号、2号、3号稀释液解冻后精子的活率,差异极显著( P<0 .0 1 ) ;4号稀释液解冻后精子存活时间为61 .2 6h,长于1号、2号稀释液精子存活时间( P<0 .0 1 ) ,短于3号稀释液精子存活时间,但差异不显著( P>0 .0 5 ) ,说明4号稀释液冷冻效果最好。精液稀释3倍、4倍、5倍解冻后精子活率分别为0 .5 0 2、0 .5 0 1、0 .495 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,均高于稀释6倍、7倍、8倍的精子活率( P<0 .0 1 ) ,表明波尔山羊冷冻精液稀释倍数以3～5倍为宜。     

猪精液4℃低温保存技术的研究

以精子总存活时间、有效存活时间及存活指数为检测指标,用6种稀释液稀释后4℃低温保存,从中筛选效果最好的基础稀释液配方,并进一步探讨保存前不同精液处理方法在猪精液4℃低温保存的效果;最后用筛选得出的基础稀释液和精液处理方法稀释猪精液,4℃低温保存2~3 d,用于低剂量常规部位人工授精试验,通过受胎率来探讨其繁殖潜力。结果表明:6号稀释液显著优于其他5种稀释液(P0.05);精液带精浆直接稀释的效果优于精液离心处理(P0.05);精液以1:2或1:3比例稀释更利于猪精液4℃低温保存(P0.05);低温保存猪精液低剂量常规部位人工授精是可行的。总之,通过试验得到了猪精液低温保存基础稀释液配方及保存前处理方法,该方法适合于低剂量常规部位的人工授精。     

羊精液稀释保存液的筛选

试验旨在探讨不同稀释保存液对常温下羊精子活率及存活时间的影响。选取哺乳动物8种常用精液稀释液配方,检测精液稀释后精子活率变化,分析精子存活时间及生存指数。结果表明:不同稀释液对羊精子活率的影响均有差异,精子活率会随着保存时间的增加而降低;同种稀释液在4℃条件下对精子的保存效果更好,与25℃条件下相比,各项指标均有极显著的延长和提高(P0.01);B组液(无水葡萄糖+柠檬酸钠+新鲜卵黄)精子总存活时间、有效存活时间和生存指数在4℃条件下分别为(108.2±9.6)h,(61.5±7.4)h和(63.5±5.8)h,与其他各组相比差异显著(P0.05),可应用于生产。     

不同稀释液生理参数对关中奶山羊精液 保存及冷冻效果的研究

[目的]探讨了不同pH值、渗透压的稀释液对关中奶山羊冻精品质的影响,以确定关中奶山羊精液最佳保存与冷冻效果。[方法]通过显微检测在不同pH值、渗透压的稀释液处理对降温前、平衡后与解冻后的精子的活率、复苏率、精子顶体完整率、精子畸形率及精子冻后存活时间等指标进行评估。[结果],关中奶山羊精液稀释液pH值为7.3时,降温前、平衡后与解冻后的精子活率最高,分别达到0.742±0.011%、0.645±0.011%、0.489±0.012%;冻后活率、复苏率及解冻后顶体完整率分别达到0.431±0.009%、63.1±0.427%、65.7±2.018%;精子存活时间在降温前、平衡后及解冻后分别达到12.50±0.141h、11.96±0.186h、11.61±0.753h,冻后 8 h 活率0.52±0.014%;当渗透压为Δ0.754℃时,其精子的保护效果最佳,降温前、平衡后与解冻后的精子活率分别达到0.752±0.045%、0.671±0.024%、0.649±0.036%;冻后活率、复苏率及解冻后顶体完整率分别达到0.481±0.019%、63.6±0.377%、69.9±1.068%;精子存活时间在降温前、平衡后及解冻后分别达到11.82±0.165h、11.94±0.145h、11.70±0.753h,冻后 8 h 活率达到0.43±0.033%。[结论]关中奶山羊精液稀释液最合适的pH值是7.3,最佳渗透压为Δ0.754℃,这一结果对奶山羊稀释液配方优化提供了一定的理论指导。     

猪精液常温保存稀释液筛选试验

试验设计了4个猪精液常温保存的稀释液配方,通过精子有效存活时间、总存活时间、生存指数3项指标的测定,筛选出了BTS和葡柠液稀释液配方。     

阿拉善型绒山羊精液稀释液配方的筛选与优化

为了提高阿拉善型绒山羊优质种公羊利用率,首先对生产中常规精液稀释液配方进行比较试验,分别用4种常用稀释液对3只配种公羊的精液4倍稀释后进行常温稀释保存试验,对精子活率进行检测,从中筛选出最优配方,再进行不同pH及不同蔗糖浓度的优化试验。结果表明,在4种常用精液稀释液中,A2组效果明显优于其他各组(P0.05),保存时间为60h;保存精液的最适pH为B3组的6.3,在12h~24h之间及48h~60h之间B3组精子活率显著(P0.05)高于其他两组;在改进后的精液稀释液配方中,最适蔗糖浓度为C2组的12mg/mL和C3组的18mg/mL,两组精子活率差异不显著(P0.05),保存时间为78h。这有利于在内蒙古草原上长距离进行精液运输,有利于优质种公羊的利用率提高。     

不同稀释液成分对绵羊精子低温保存效果的影响

本实验旨在探究一种更为高效可行且有利于绵羊精液在 4℃条件下延时保存的稀释液配方。采用含有不同成分及含量脱脂牛奶、维生素 A、维生素 D、维生素 E 等物质的 6 个稀释液配方稀释精液,每隔 6 h 测定稀释后精液中精子的畸形率、死亡率、活力以及运动速率,持续检测 96 h。结果表明:72 h 时配方四稀释液稀释后精子畸形率为 15.89%、死亡率为 48.52%、活力为 41.05、运动速率为 42.10 μm/s,精子畸形率和死亡率极显著低于其他 5 个稀释液配方(P<0.01),精子活力和运动速率极显著高于其他 5 个稀释液配方(P<0.01);通过测定分析,配方四精液稀释液中添加脱脂牛奶、维生素 A、维生素 D、维生素 E、卵黄、恩诺沙星、双抗和高浓度柠檬酸钠有助于提高精子活力和保存时间,筛选出的最佳精液稀释液配方操作过程简便有效,快速可行,精液保存 48 h 后精子活力达 68.17%,可用于绵羊人工授精。     

不同稀释液和温度对猪精液稀释常温保存效果的影响

本试验分别设计了4种稀释液配方和保存温度。结果表明:1号稀释液(即变温液)对原精液稀释保存效果最好,精子活力、有效存活时间、总存活时间和生存指数分别为0.75、101.5 h、134.6 h、76.8 h,稀释后的精子活力与其他组之间差异不显著(P0.05);精子有效存活时间、总存活时间、生存指数1号与2号配方差异不显著(P0.05),但与其他配方组之间差异极显著(P0.01);且试验得出,17℃条件下保存的稀释精液,其活力、存活时间的生存指数等个指标最高,保存效果最好。     

马精液稀释液的研究与应用

为了解决新鲜精液中精子存活时间短、活率低、操作复杂等问题,本研究自行研制了一种QDDR188稀释液,并选取3种不同配方的稀释液按照国内AI标准技术对种公马的合格鲜精进行稀释保存,观察不同配方稀释液对公马鲜精保存时间长短、精子活力、顶体完整率、精子畸形率和受精率的影响,并与国际上应用的稀释液INRA96进行对比试验,分析不同马精液稀释液对精子的影响。     

不同稀释液和温度对猪精液稀释及常温保存效果的影响

本试验分别设计了4种稀释液配方和保存温度。结果表明：1号稀释液（即变温液）对原精液稀释保存效果最好,精子活力、有效存活时间、总存活时间和生存指数分别为0.75、101.5 h、134.6 h、76.8 h,稀释后的精子活力与其他组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;精子有效存活时间、总存活时间、生存指数1号与2号配方差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但与其他配方组之间差异极显著（P〈0.01）;且试验得出,17℃条件下保存的稀释精液,其活力、存活时间的生存指数等个指标最高,保存效果最好。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.