2014-2020年张掖市牛口蹄疫免疫抗体监测分析

[目的]为了及时掌握牛口蹄疫免疫后的免疫效果,为口蹄疫防控提供理论依据.[方法]张掖市动物疫病预防控制中心每年春秋两季集中免疫后对全市6县(区)送检的牛口蹄疫免疫血清开展了免疫抗体检测,为科学评价免疫效果提供了理论依据.[结果]2014-2020年,共检测牛O型口蹄疫免疫血清12 328份,抗体合格10 910份,平均...     

首次利用液相阻断ELISA检测口蹄疫O型抗体的试验报告

利用液相阻断ELISA方法检测郭勒木德镇拖拉海村和阿拉尔村的健康牛、羊O型口蹄疫免疫抗体牛45头份、羊45只份,检出牛血清样品阳性(合格)34份,阳性(合格)率75.6%;检出羊血清样品阳性(合格)42份,阳性(合格)率93.3%。     

陕西省部分猪场5种疫病抗体及病原的检测

为调查2019年陕西省规模化猪场中口蹄疫(FMD)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)、猪瘟(CSF)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)和猪伪狂犬病(PR)的免疫状况及病原感染情况,采用间接ELISA对送检的20 233份血清样品进行抗体检测,采用PCR/RT-PCR方法对送检的1 633份病料样品进行病原检测。结果表明,检测口蹄疫抗体的5 154份血清样品中(4 089份免疫血清,1 065份未免疫血清),免疫抗体阳性率为76.69%,感染率为42.25%;检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征抗体的6 259份血清样品中(5 516份免疫血清,743份未免疫血清),免疫抗体阳性率为85.06%,感染率为28.26%;检测猪瘟抗体的5 165份血清样品中(4 881份免疫血清,284份未免疫血清),免疫抗体阳性率为88.10%,感染率为47.89%;检测伪狂犬病病毒gB抗体的3 142份血清样品中(2 810份免疫血清,332份未免疫血清),免疫抗体阳性率为84.23%,感染率为21.69%;检测猪圆环病毒2型抗体的513份血清样品中(420份免疫血清,93份未免疫血清),免疫抗体阳性率为95%,感染率为88.17%。检测猪瘟病毒的328份病料中,阳性率为9.45%;检测猪圆环病毒2型的218份病料中,阳性率为14.23%;检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的654份病料中,阳性率为10.86%;检测伪狂犬病病毒的144份病料中,阳性率为2.78%;检测口蹄疫病毒的226份病料中,阳性率为0.44%。通过对5种常见病原和抗体的检测,为陕西省猪场常见疫病的防控提供了基础资料。     

口蹄疫O型固相竞争ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的临床应用

用口蹄疫O型固相竞争ELISA检测血清1 150份,口蹄疫O型免疫血清820份,敏感性为91.83%;试剂盒特异性评价检测血清180份,其特异性为89.4%;固相竞争ELISA和液相阻断ELISA共同检测血清100份,其相关性分析为0.964 1,R2为0.929 5,属于高度相关。3批试剂盒检测血清样品50份,检测结果差异不显著,口蹄疫O型固相竞争ELISA抗体检测试剂盒检测结果比较稳定,具有良好的批间可重复性和稳定性。     

牛4种主要传染病的检测与分析

[目的]旨在研究口蹄疫、布鲁氏菌病、牛结核病、牛结节性皮肤病等4种牛主要传染病的免疫效果和流行情况。[方法]采用疫苗对口蹄疫、牛结节性皮肤病免疫,针对性使用荧光PCR、ELISA方法以及虎红平板凝集试验、皮内变态反应试验对上述4种牛病进行检测。[结果]免疫牛口蹄疫10.21万头次,检测血清1 534份和组织样品233份,口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率94.33%,口蹄疫病毒为阴性。使用山羊痘疫苗免疫牛结节性皮肤病2.89万头次,检测口鼻拭子/抗凝样品200份,牛结节性皮肤病病毒为阴性。监测牛布鲁氏菌病血清2 380份,阳性率为0.17%。监测牛结核病1 291头,阳性率为0.23%。[结论]口蹄疫、牛结节性皮肤病免疫效果良好,达到阻断病毒感染和传播目的。布鲁氏菌病、牛结核病总体上分别达到控制标准和净化标准,但“两病”仍有零星发生,需要加强牛只调运监管检疫。     

高林屯牛口蹄疫免疫抗体水平检测与分析

为掌握高林屯牛口蹄疫的免疫现状,本研究对2017年于高林屯采集的30份牛血清样品进行O型、A型口蹄疫免疫抗体的检测与分析。结果显示高林屯牛O型、A型口蹄疫的免疫合格率均为80%,说明高林屯牛口蹄疫免疫效果整体较好。     

塔城地区沙湾县牛口蹄疫疫苗免疫抗体监测

为了掌握塔城地区沙湾县当前牛口蹄疫疫苗的免疫效果,本研究利用阻断ELISA试剂盒对2014-2018年采集于塔城地区沙湾县的607份疫苗免疫血清样品进行了牛O型、A型口蹄疫免疫抗体监测,结果显示2014-2018年O型和A型口蹄疫免疫合格率分别为87.81%和85.50%,O型口蹄疫免疫以2018年免疫合格率最高(94.33%),2017年次之(93.94%),2014年最低(78.72),A型口蹄疫免疫以2017年免疫合格率最高(92.42%),2018年次之(91.49%),2014年最低(76.60)。表明当前牛口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果较好,且2017-2018年牛O型和A型口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果明显好于2014-2016年。     

正向间接血凝试验(IHA)和液相阻断酶联免疫吸附试验(LPB-ELISA)检测O型口蹄疫免疫抗体的对比

本试验采用正向间接血凝试验(IHA)和液相阻断酶联免疫吸附试验(LPB-ELISA)两种方法对经过口蹄疫O型免疫的80份猪血清、60份牛血清、50份羊血清进行了O型口蹄疫免疫抗体检测的对比试验。IHA试验猪合格80份,合格率100%;牛合格60份,合格率100%;羊合格50份,合格率100%;总体合格率100%。LPB-ELISA试验猪合格75份,合格率93.75%。牛合格60份,合格率100%;羊合格47份,合格率94%;总体合格率95.79%。试验结果表明,IHA方法检测口蹄疫O型免疫抗体合格率比LPB-ELISA方法高,两者符合率95.79%,具体哪种方法更准确,还有待进一步研究。     

祁连山北麓中部地区牦牛常见病的血清学调查

[目的]为了掌握祁连山北麓中部地区牦牛常见病的感染情况。[方法]对祁连山北麓中部地区的牦牛常见病开展了血清学检测。共检测280份血清样品,分别检测了布病、口蹄疫、牛传染性鼻气管炎、弓形虫、牛副结核病的感染抗体。[结果]检出布病阳性样品3份,平均阳性率1.2%;检出口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3ABC抗体阳性样品31份,平均阳性率11.1%;检出牛传染性鼻气管炎阳性样品14份,平均阳性率5.0%;检出弓形虫抗体阳性样品87份,平均阳性率31.1%;检出牛副结核抗体阳性样品1份,平均阳性率0.4%。[结论]通过血清学检测,初步掌握了5种疫病的感染情况,为科学防控提供了科学依据。     

云南奶（水）牛口蹄疫和布氏杆菌病血清学监测及防控措施

本文报告了云南奶（水）牛口蹄疫和布氏杆菌病血清学监测的结果,并在此基础上提出了相应的防控措施。2011年度,云南省现代农业（奶牛）产业技术体系奶牛疫病控制功能实验室在体系所属的2个综合试验站和4个区域推广站各示范场、养殖小区和养殖户采集奶牛、奶水牛血清样品共计311份。应用口蹄疫A型、亚洲Ⅰ型和O型免疫抗体液相阻断ELISA检测方法,检出口蹄疫O型抗体阳性数253份,阳性率81.35%;亚洲Ⅰ型抗体阳性数278份,阳性率89.39%;A型抗体阳性数110份,阳性率35.37%。应用口蹄疫3ABC抗体检测方法检出抗体阳性样品7份,阳性率2.25%。应用IDEXX牛布氏杆菌抗体检测方法检出布氏杆菌抗体阳性样品2份,阳性率0.64%。针对本次获得的口蹄疫和布氏杆菌病血清学监测结果,提出了相应的防控措施,强化奶牛和奶水牛犊牛免疫、跟踪监测和完善生物安全措施。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Evaluation of the Microbiological Status of Milk and Various Structures in Mammary Glands from Naturally Infected Dairy Cows

A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Development and survival of free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats on pasture in the Nigerian derived savanna

Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L₃) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L₃ developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone.