2014-2020年张掖市牛口蹄疫免疫抗体监测分析

[目的]为了及时掌握牛口蹄疫免疫后的免疫效果,为口蹄疫防控提供理论依据.[方法]张掖市动物疫病预防控制中心每年春秋两季集中免疫后对全市6县(区)送检的牛口蹄疫免疫血清开展了免疫抗体检测,为科学评价免疫效果提供了理论依据.[结果]2014-2020年,共检测牛O型口蹄疫免疫血清12 328份,抗体合格10 910份,平均...     

首次利用液相阻断ELISA检测口蹄疫O型抗体的试验报告

利用液相阻断ELISA方法检测郭勒木德镇拖拉海村和阿拉尔村的健康牛、羊O型口蹄疫免疫抗体牛45头份、羊45只份,检出牛血清样品阳性(合格)34份,阳性(合格)率75.6%;检出羊血清样品阳性(合格)42份,阳性(合格)率93.3%。     

口蹄疫O型固相竞争ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的临床应用

用口蹄疫O型固相竞争ELISA检测血清1 150份,口蹄疫O型免疫血清820份,敏感性为91.83%;试剂盒特异性评价检测血清180份,其特异性为89.4%;固相竞争ELISA和液相阻断ELISA共同检测血清100份,其相关性分析为0.964 1,R2为0.929 5,属于高度相关。3批试剂盒检测血清样品50份,检测结果差异不显著,口蹄疫O型固相竞争ELISA抗体检测试剂盒检测结果比较稳定,具有良好的批间可重复性和稳定性。     

牛4种主要传染病的检测与分析

[目的]旨在研究口蹄疫、布鲁氏菌病、牛结核病、牛结节性皮肤病等4种牛主要传染病的免疫效果和流行情况。[方法]采用疫苗对口蹄疫、牛结节性皮肤病免疫,针对性使用荧光PCR、ELISA方法以及虎红平板凝集试验、皮内变态反应试验对上述4种牛病进行检测。[结果]免疫牛口蹄疫10.21万头次,检测血清1 534份和组织样品233份,口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率94.33%,口蹄疫病毒为阴性。使用山羊痘疫苗免疫牛结节性皮肤病2.89万头次,检测口鼻拭子/抗凝样品200份,牛结节性皮肤病病毒为阴性。监测牛布鲁氏菌病血清2 380份,阳性率为0.17%。监测牛结核病1 291头,阳性率为0.23%。[结论]口蹄疫、牛结节性皮肤病免疫效果良好,达到阻断病毒感染和传播目的。布鲁氏菌病、牛结核病总体上分别达到控制标准和净化标准,但“两病”仍有零星发生,需要加强牛只调运监管检疫。     

高林屯牛口蹄疫免疫抗体水平检测与分析

为掌握高林屯牛口蹄疫的免疫现状,本研究对2017年于高林屯采集的30份牛血清样品进行O型、A型口蹄疫免疫抗体的检测与分析。结果显示高林屯牛O型、A型口蹄疫的免疫合格率均为80%,说明高林屯牛口蹄疫免疫效果整体较好。     

塔城地区沙湾县牛口蹄疫疫苗免疫抗体监测

为了掌握塔城地区沙湾县当前牛口蹄疫疫苗的免疫效果,本研究利用阻断ELISA试剂盒对2014-2018年采集于塔城地区沙湾县的607份疫苗免疫血清样品进行了牛O型、A型口蹄疫免疫抗体监测,结果显示2014-2018年O型和A型口蹄疫免疫合格率分别为87.81%和85.50%,O型口蹄疫免疫以2018年免疫合格率最高(94.33%),2017年次之(93.94%),2014年最低(78.72),A型口蹄疫免疫以2017年免疫合格率最高(92.42%),2018年次之(91.49%),2014年最低(76.60)。表明当前牛口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果较好,且2017-2018年牛O型和A型口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果明显好于2014-2016年。     

正向间接血凝试验(IHA)和液相阻断酶联免疫吸附试验(LPB-ELISA)检测O型口蹄疫免疫抗体的对比

本试验采用正向间接血凝试验(IHA)和液相阻断酶联免疫吸附试验(LPB-ELISA)两种方法对经过口蹄疫O型免疫的80份猪血清、60份牛血清、50份羊血清进行了O型口蹄疫免疫抗体检测的对比试验。IHA试验猪合格80份,合格率100%;牛合格60份,合格率100%;羊合格50份,合格率100%;总体合格率100%。LPB-ELISA试验猪合格75份,合格率93.75%。牛合格60份,合格率100%;羊合格47份,合格率94%;总体合格率95.79%。试验结果表明,IHA方法检测口蹄疫O型免疫抗体合格率比LPB-ELISA方法高,两者符合率95.79%,具体哪种方法更准确,还有待进一步研究。     

祁连山北麓中部地区牦牛常见病的血清学调查

[目的]为了掌握祁连山北麓中部地区牦牛常见病的感染情况。[方法]对祁连山北麓中部地区的牦牛常见病开展了血清学检测。共检测280份血清样品,分别检测了布病、口蹄疫、牛传染性鼻气管炎、弓形虫、牛副结核病的感染抗体。[结果]检出布病阳性样品3份,平均阳性率1.2%;检出口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3ABC抗体阳性样品31份,平均阳性率11.1%;检出牛传染性鼻气管炎阳性样品14份,平均阳性率5.0%;检出弓形虫抗体阳性样品87份,平均阳性率31.1%;检出牛副结核抗体阳性样品1份,平均阳性率0.4%。[结论]通过血清学检测,初步掌握了5种疫病的感染情况,为科学防控提供了科学依据。     

云南奶（水）牛口蹄疫和布氏杆菌病血清学监测及防控措施

本文报告了云南奶（水）牛口蹄疫和布氏杆菌病血清学监测的结果,并在此基础上提出了相应的防控措施。2011年度,云南省现代农业（奶牛）产业技术体系奶牛疫病控制功能实验室在体系所属的2个综合试验站和4个区域推广站各示范场、养殖小区和养殖户采集奶牛、奶水牛血清样品共计311份。应用口蹄疫A型、亚洲Ⅰ型和O型免疫抗体液相阻断ELISA检测方法,检出口蹄疫O型抗体阳性数253份,阳性率81.35%;亚洲Ⅰ型抗体阳性数278份,阳性率89.39%;A型抗体阳性数110份,阳性率35.37%。应用口蹄疫3ABC抗体检测方法检出抗体阳性样品7份,阳性率2.25%。应用IDEXX牛布氏杆菌抗体检测方法检出布氏杆菌抗体阳性样品2份,阳性率0.64%。针对本次获得的口蹄疫和布氏杆菌病血清学监测结果,提出了相应的防控措施,强化奶牛和奶水牛犊牛免疫、跟踪监测和完善生物安全措施。     

O型口蹄疫抗体金标检测试纸条判定标准的确立

本试验旨在迅速、准确检测口蹄疫阴性血清和阳性血清,确立O型口蹄疫抗体金标检测试纸条的判定标准。通过3批次O型口蹄疫抗体金标检测试纸条,对180份猪、牛、羊口蹄疫阴性血清,197份猪、牛O型口蹄疫弱阳性血清,317份猪、牛、羊O型口蹄疫阳性血清,223份牛Asia 1、A型口蹄疫阳性血清,600份田间血清样品进行检测,同时用O型口蹄疫液相阻断ELISA和O型口蹄疫正向间接血凝2种方法检测相同的血清样品。对3种方法检测的结果进行分析,并且将试纸条的检测线和质控线的显色情况与O型口蹄疫液相阻断ELISA的抗体滴度相比较。确立了试纸条的诊断标准:试纸条抗体滴度1∶2-为口蹄疫抗体阴性;试纸条抗体滴度1∶8+为O型口蹄疫阳性血清。根据试纸条的显色结果与液相阻断ELISA的结果的关系,绘制了比色卡。试纸条的判定标准检测血清结果与液相阻断ELISA和正向间接血凝结果分别进行统计学分析,试纸条与液相阻断ELISA和正向间接血凝相关性分别为y=1.142x+0.7421,y=1.1845x+0.8623;相关系数(r)分别为0.9221和0.9033。结果显示,O型口蹄疫抗体金标检测试纸条的判定标准的确立和比色卡的绘制,实现半定量分析,更加迅速、准确,适于实验室、基层兽医站和养殖场使用。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -