不同干燥方式对黄秋葵花抑菌及抗氧化性能的影响

以新鲜黄秋葵花为研究对象,分别采用热风干燥、真空干燥和冷冻干燥工艺干燥黄秋葵花,并对比分析黄秋葵花的抑菌及抗氧性能。结果表明,冷冻干燥对于黄秋葵花各营养成分的保存效果最好;不同干燥方式能够显著地影响黄秋葵花提取物的抗氧化效果,在自由基清除率及脂质氧化抑制率结果中,均表现为冷冻干燥处理组真空干燥处理组热风干燥处理组。3个处理组黄秋葵花提取物对4种食源性致病菌均有明显的抑制作用,并且冷冻干燥处理的黄秋葵花提取物对致病菌的MIC及MBC最小。说明冷冻干燥处理能有效的维持黄秋葵花的抑菌及抗氧化效果,更适用于黄秋葵花的干燥处理。     

黄秋葵种子中生物碱类化合物抗疲劳活性研究

目的:研究黄秋葵种子生物碱提取物对小鼠的抗疲劳作用。方法:将健康雄性小鼠随机分成4组,黄秋葵种子生物碱提取物高剂量组〔8毫升/(公斤·天)〕、中剂量组〔4毫升/(公斤·天)〕、低剂量组〔2毫升/(公斤·天)〕和蒸馏水空白对照组,各实验组连续灌胃给药30天后,测定小鼠负重游泳时间、血清尿素氮、血乳酸、肝糖原含量等指标。结果:黄秋葵种子中生物碱提取物能增强小鼠负重游泳时间,耐力增强,能够降低血液中血清尿素氮含量、血乳酸含量,黄秋葵种子中生物碱提取物能显著提高肝糖原含量。结论:黄秋葵种子生物碱提取物对小鼠有一定的抗疲劳作用,且高剂量组效果最显著。     

黄秋葵种质资源及相关品种选育研究进展

简述黄秋葵及其近缘种相关资源分布及收集保存利用现状;总结黄秋葵资源相关RAPD、SRAP、ISSR及SSR等遗传多样性分子评价;归纳黄秋葵育种相关研究,介绍非洲西部及我国广泛种植的黄秋葵新品种及其来源;提出今后应加大具有特色性状黄秋葵及其近缘种资源收集、人工驯化栽培及提纯等工作,开展黄秋葵多倍体及辐射诱变等育种,争取获得一批雄性不育系材料,更好地为黄秋葵杂交育种服务。     

黄秋葵冷藏保鲜研究

[目的]探讨低温贮藏对黄秋葵果实的保鲜效果。[方法]以粤海黄秋葵为材料,分析黄秋葵果实在5、10℃和室温贮藏下的鲜重及营养成分的含量。[结果]5℃低温处理黄秋葵保鲜效果优于其他处理,其次为10℃处理,室温贮藏保鲜效果最差;5℃贮藏能减缓黄秋葵的失重,延缓还原糖、V_C的降解以及抑制粗纤维含量的增加。[结论]该研究可为黄秋葵的贮藏、加工、销售提供科学依据。     

黄秋葵多糖的吸湿保湿性能研究

为研究黄秋葵多糖的保湿功能,利用干燥器控制湿度的方法,对黄秋葵多糖进行吸湿、保湿性能以及化妆品保湿添加最适浓度研究。结果表明:在RH为43%和81%条件下6 h内吸湿性大小顺序均为丙三醇黄秋葵多糖海藻酸钠壳聚糖;1～4 h的保湿顺序为丙三醇黄秋葵多糖壳聚糖海藻酸钠,在4～6 h期间壳聚糖保湿率逐渐高于黄秋葵多糖,但总体各样品保湿率均持续下降,其中黄秋葵多糖、壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的保湿率下降趋势逐渐缓和;黄秋葵多糖在浓度4%的水溶液中保湿效果最好。     

干旱胁迫对黄秋葵种子萌发的影响

以台湾五福黄秋葵品种为试验材料,采用不同质量分数的PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫,研究了干旱胁迫对黄秋葵种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、胚根长等的影响。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,黄秋葵种子的发芽率、发芽指数以及胚根长总体呈下降趋势;不同程度的干旱胁迫对黄秋葵种子萌发阶段的影响程度不同,高质量分数(10%~25%)的PEG-6000溶液对其萌发产生抑制作用,且干旱程度越大抑制作用越明显;当干旱胁迫增加到一定程度时,黄秋葵种子的萌发会完全受到抑制,不能萌发。     

黄秋葵研究进展与前景

通过查阅国内外黄秋葵大量的研究,概述了黄秋葵资源、育种、植物学特性、栽培技术、应用价值、快速繁殖技术、种子生理等研究进展与发展前景,为深入开展黄秋葵利用和新品种选育提供参考。     

黄秋葵多糖提取、分离纯化及结构分析方法研究进展

黄秋葵为锦葵科一年生草本植物,其嫩果富含类黄酮、多酚、氨基酸、多糖等生物活性物质,为人们熟知的保健蔬菜。食用黄秋葵具有一定的抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗癌、抗糖尿病以及免疫调节作用,黄秋葵多糖被认为是与上述生物活性相关的物质。黄秋葵多糖的提取、分离纯化以及结构分析是开展生物活性研究的前提,本文对目前黄秋葵的提取、分离纯化和结构分析进行阐述,以期为黄秋葵多糖研究提供参考。     

5个黄秋葵品种比较研究

为筛选出适合广东省东源县当地环境种植的黄秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus L.)品种,以5种不同黄秋葵品种为试验材料,在相同的栽培环境和管理下,对不同品种黄秋葵的发芽率、株高、病虫、产量等指标进行比较。结果表明,五福品种发芽率较高,株高适宜,产量最高,综合表现最佳,适合在东源县当地气候条件下种植。     

非生物胁迫对黄秋葵种子萌发的影响

研究干旱胁迫和盐胁迫对15份黄秋葵种子萌发的影响,结果表明,不同黄秋葵材料对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫表现出不同的抗性;随盐浓度的增加,多数黄秋葵种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数盐害率明显增加,说明盐胁迫会抑制黄秋葵种子的萌发;用10%聚乙二醇(PEG)-6000胁迫处理黄秋葵种子,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数旱害率均相对最低,说明黄秋葵种子在10%PEG-6000胁迫处理时抗旱能力相对较强。     

Advances in Research on the Approaches of Improving Water Utilization Efficiency in Rice

Water shortage is increasingly an important factor limiting the sustainable development of global economy, posing a huge threat to social security and human existence. Water usage in agriculture accounts for about 70% of total water consumption in the world, and rice cultivation is in turn the largest water user, which accounts for about 50% of total water usage in agriculture. Therefore, it is quite important to improve water utilization efficiency to reduce water consumption in rice.Water stress causes severe inhibition of plant growth and development as well as yield reduction, however the extent of inhibition or reduction varies greatly with the growth stages, duration and severity of stress, and plant genotypes. In rice,drought resistance and water utilization efficiency might be improved by developing stress resistant cultivars and conducting proper agronomic practices. It is hence imperative to determine the suitable criteria in morphological and physiological traits for drought resistance and water utilization efficiency in conventional breeding of rice. At present, leaf rolling, leaf water potential and carbon isotope discrimination are commonly used criteria for the evaluation and identification of germplasm with high drought resistance or water utilization efficiency. With rapid development of molecular biology,marker-assisted selection has been used in rice breeding against water stress. In this review, therefore, the agronomic aspect of water saving techniques such as selection of suitable rice cultivars, planting pattern, mulching, deficit irrigation and alternative drying and moist irrigation are discussed and effective approaches are also recommended.     

Condensation of atmospheric moisture from tropical maritime air masses as a freshwater resource

A method is proposed whereby potable water may be obtained by condensing moisture from the atmosphere in suitable seashore or island areas. Deep, cold, offshore seawater is used as a source of cold and is pumped to condensers set up on shore to intercept the flow of highly humid, tropical, maritime air masses. This air, when cooled, condenses moisture, which is conducted away and stored for use as a water supply. Windmill-driven generators would supply low-cost power for the operation. Side benefits are derived by using the nutritious deep water to support aquiculture in nearby lagoons or to enhance the productivity of the outfall area. Additional benefits are derived from the condenser as an air-conditioning device for nearby residents. The islands of the Caribbean are used as an example of a location in the trade-winds belt where nearly optimum conditions for the operation of this system can be found.     

Morphology and origins of sedimentary structures on submarine slopes

Submarine slopes in deep water, such as continental slopes, are often indented by valleys or channels and made uneven by ridges or levees. The origins of many of these features are unknown or disputed. Morphologically, however, there is often great similarity between forms on deep slopes and forms on shallow slopes or on land. Structurally the slopes in deep water are less well explored, but several observations reveal features, such as lamination and crossbedding, that are known from shallow water also. Measurements of current indicate that periodically the movement of water near the bottom is fast enough to move particles of sediment from time to time. Morphology, fine structure, and currents suggest that internal waves and associated currents, as well as gravity, may control the shape of deep submarine slopes analogously to the shaping by surface waves of slopes in shallow water.     

Irrigation systems as multiple-use commons: Water use in Kirindi Oya, Sri Lanka

Irrigation systems are recognized as common pool resources supplying water for agricultural production, but their role in supplying water for other uses is often overlooked. The importance of non-agricultural uses of irrigation water in livelihood strategies has implications for irrigation management and water rights, especially as increasing scarcity challenges existing water allocation mechanisms. This paper examines the multiple uses of water in the Kirindi Oya irrigation system in Sri Lanka, who the users are, and implications for water rights and management policies. There are important residential, gender, and class differences among the water users. People use irrigation system water not only for field crops, but also for fishing, homestead gardens, and livestock. Even within irrigated farming households, men have more control over paddy crops in the main fields, whereas homestead gardens are women's domain. Because the irrigation system provides water for birds and animals, even wildlife and non-resident environmental groups can be considered stakeholders. Current policies emphasize user involvement in both irrigation and domestic water supply. While government agencies have had primary responsibility, institutions such as Farmers' Organizations are being promoted. These have the potential to serve as user platforms for negotiating water allocation among irrigated farmers. However, the user organizations reflect the sectoral responsibility of the government agencies. Their membership and structure do not take into account the multiple uses or users of water. Developing platforms that accommodate different user groups remains a major challenge for improving the overall productivity, as well as equity, of water use.     

谷子米粒吸水率离心沥水测定方法研究

连续称重法测定种子或米粒的吸水率,一般采用滤纸吸除种子或米粒表面游离水。谷子米粒由于颗粒小,采用滤纸法容易粘米并损坏米粒,测定速度慢,效率低。本研究采用离心方法,将离心管底部打孔,设置不同转速梯度离心3min。以晋谷21为材料,设定米粒饱和吸水、不饱和吸水实验。研究确定了谷子米粒吸水率离心沥水测定方法的最佳方案为300rpm离心3min。     

都市再生水灌溉绿地水质控制标准的制定研究

城市污水的再生利用是解决城市缺水的有效途径之一.根据再生水的来源及性质,将灌溉绿地水质控制项目分为基本控制项目和选择控制项目两类.基本控制项目主要包括再生水灌溉绿地对植物生长和土壤、地下水、人身健康安全有影响的指标,共计13项;选择控制项目包括对环境有较长期影响或毒性较大的污染物指标,共计22项.根据国内外研究概况、室内水培试验和田间灌溉试验的结果,总结再生水灌溉绿地水质控制标准,对每项指标给出了最大限值.     

Hydration of macromolecules

Frozen protein and nucleic acid solutions at -35 degrees C show relatively narrow (100 milligauss) proton nuclear magnetic resonance signals which are assignable to water that is sufficiently mobile to reduce the dipolar broadening normally associated with solids. Hydration was found to be 0.3 to 0.5 gram of water per gram of protein. Nucleic acids are three to five times as hydrated as proteins. Conformational changes in solution produce detectable changes in linewidth or amount of "bound" water, or both. The very fact that the water signals can be observed by high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance suggests that it is not "ice-like" in any literal sense, although it is clearly less mobile than liquid water at the same temperature. A simple model is described which considers both surface hydration and trapped water.     

三种沙拐枣种子休眠原因研究初报

对三种沙拐枣种子的休眠原因进行了分析。它们的种子休眠率均高于９５％,休眠程度很深。种子活力高达９３％左右,它不是种子发芽率低的原因。种子（或果实）在室温下清水浸泡２４ｈ后均能吸水膨胀,其形态构造有利于吸水和气体（Ｏ２）交换,本身不存在环境休眠。通过生物鉴定发现,引起种子休眠的重要原因是果皮和种子内含有水溶性萌发抑制物。     

通辽地区水资源系统输入、输出信息的确定

本文基于动态发展的观点，确立了通辽地区水资源系统有限元模拟模型中各单元逐时段系统输入输出信息的计算模型，诸如降雨入汉补给量，潜水蒸发量，河渠和水库引放水渠渗漏量，地下水净开采量及灌溉回归水量等信息都综合考虑了降雨量大小，潜水蒸发强度，河渠流量大小，开采量（或灌溉量）大小和地下水埋深的关系。还考虑了其随时间，空间位置的变化关系。     

沉水植物黑藻的特性及其在园林中的应用

在介绍黑藻形态特征以及喜温喜光、稍耐寒生态习性的基础上,探讨了其园林应用要点,特别是建植与配置2个方面内容,其中黑藻具有直接插入水底和将5、6个扦插条与1块小石头捆绑沉入水底2种建植方式;在配置方面,黑藻既能够与其他沉水植物混合种植,又可以单一种植,也可以放养观赏鱼类,这些配置方式都能形成优良的水体景观效果。同时,分析了黑藻的建植与配置中需要注意的一些问题,以期为景观优美的生态水景建设提供更为充分、全面的依据。