河南部分优异玉米地方品种主要农艺性状变异研究

基于SSR聚类分析,对从不同玉米类群中筛选到的46份有突出优良性状的河南地方品种进行精细的表型重复鉴定,分析了抽雄天数、吐丝天数、株高、穗位、主茎叶片数、雄穗一级分枝数、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、千粒重、穗粒重、粒长、粒宽及粒厚14个数量性状的变异情况,株型、穗型、粒型、花药颜色、花丝颜色、粒色及轴色7个质量性状的变异情况。结果表明,河南玉米地方品种数量性状频率基本符合正态分布,同时穗位、雄穗一级分枝数、千粒重和穗粒重的变幅较大,并发现一些具有独特优异性状的地方品种,对于今后的育种材料改良具有重要意义。     

湖北省玉米地方品种遗传多样性的表型评价

玉米（Zeaznays L．）地方品种是具有丰富遗传变异和有利基因的宝贵基因资源。鉴定地方品种的表型和基因型筛选优良种质,是利用地方品种的前提。对102份湖北省玉米地方种质的11个性状进行了连续2年的表型鉴定,结果显示,各性状在供试材料间的差异显著,性状变异范围广泛。其中,粒重的变化最大,其次为穗位高、穗长、穗行数、行粒数和秃尖长。与BSSSC9和Suwan2的产量组成性状比较,果穗较长的品种有28个,占27％（28／102）,如八趟白、百日归等;粒重较大有35个,占34％（35／102）,如八趟白、东津白、百日早1、百日早1、百日归等;穗行数较多的有11个,占10．8％（11／102）,如米包谷、小包谷和黄玉米等;行粒数较多的有3个,为八趟白、东津白和黄玉米。结果表明湖北省地方品种蕴藏着大量的遗传变异和丰富的有利基因,特别是八趟白、东津白、百日归等品种更是具有广泛的利用价值。     

西南高原生态区玉米地方种质表型多样性分析

采用完全随机试验设计,研究了76份西南高原生态区玉米地方种质的农艺性状遗传多样性,并进行聚类分析。结果表明,供试材料的株高、穗位高、叶片数、生育期、穗长、穗粗、百粒重、穗行数、行粒数和穗粒质量等性状具有较高的遗传多样性,Shannon-Weaver指数为1.74～2.07。根据欧式距离,按类平均法进行系统聚类,结果将76份地方种质划分为4个类群,分别为黄色角质硬粒型、白色角质马齿形、白色蜡质马齿形和白色半角质马齿形品种。以上研究表明,西南生态区玉米地方种质资源具有丰富的遗传变异,因此有较高的保护和利用潜力。     

利用SSR分析浙南地区甜玉米自交系的遗传多样性

为评价浙南地区甜玉米自交系的遗传多样性,指导甜玉米新品种的选育,本研究利用SSR分子标记对37份浙南地区甜玉米自交系进行了分析。结果显示,37个多态性SSR标记共检测到209个等位基因变异,平均为5.65个。SSR标记的多态性信息量PIC值为0.62~0.95,平均为0.82。自交系间的相似性系数为0.12~0.94,平均为0.40,说明这些甜玉米自交系之间亲缘关系较远,具有丰富的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析将37份甜玉米自交系划分为3个类群,划分结果与其系谱及地理分布基本吻合。     

Comparative Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Landraces of Waxy Maize from Yunnan and Guizhou Using SSR Markers

Waxy maize landraces are abundant inYunnan and Guizhou of China. Genetic diversity of waxy maize landraces from Yunnan and Guizhou were analyzed using SSR markers. We screened 38 landraces with 50 primers that generated 3 to 6 polymorphic bands, with an average of 4.13 bands. Shannon＇s information indices for genetic diversity of the 14 waxy maize landraces from Yunnan varied from 4.9571 to 42.1138 and averaged 26.5252; Shannon＇s information indices for genetic diversity of the 24 waxy maize landraces from Guizhou varied from 22.0066 to 40.6320 and averaged 32.3156. For the 14 waxy maize landraces from Yunnan, the within-landrace genetic diversity accounted for 45.40% and the among-landrace genetic diversity accounted for 54.60% of the total genetic diversity observed. For the 24 waxy maize landraces from Guizhou, the within-landrace genetic diversity accounted for 50.76% and the among-landrace genetic diversity accounted for 49.24% of the total observed. Some individual landraces possessed as much as 96.86% of the total genetic diversity occurring among landraces within origins. Differentiation between geographic origins accounted for only 3.14% of the total genetic diversity. Both Yunnan and Guizhou would be the diversity centers and the original centers of waxy maize.     

Associated Loci Detection and Elite Allelic Variations Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) Based on SSR Markers

【Objective】Through the investigation of 10 major traits in foxtail millet at Ledong, Hainan province, Luoyang, Henan province, Jilin and Gongzhuling, Jilin province, totally four different geographical environments, association analysis between SSR markers and the ten traits was performed to obtain loci expressed in single environment or multiple environments, excavate elite allelic variations, explore the probable mechanism forming ecological adaptation and provide foundation for launching molecular-assistant selection breeding in foxtail millet.【Method】Based on the survey of ten traits (plant height, panicle length, number of leaves, panicle diameter, heading stage, spikelet number, grain number per branch, spike weight, grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight) from 102 foxtail millet varieties at Jilin and Gongzhuling, Jilin province, Luoyang, Henan province and Ledong, Hainan province for two consecutive years, correlation analysis of ten traits at each geographical environment was first performed by SPSS 19.0 software, then the 102 foxtail millet varieties were genotyped by 70 polymorphic SSR markers, and further genetic diversity and population genetic structure of these varieties were analyzed. Finally, linkage disequilibrium analysis among markers and association analysis between molecular markers and phenotypic traits were carried out by GLM and MLM models of TASSEL 5.0 software. 【Result】There existed significant or very significant positive correlations among most of the nine agronomic traits except 1000-grain weight across four geographical environments. Only significant or very significant positive correlations were found between 1000-grain weight and grain weight per panicle, plant height, panicle length, spike weight at Jilin, Gongzhuling and Luoyang, no significant correlations were found between 1000-grain weight and other nine traits at Ledong environment. Totally 397 alleles were detected in 70 pairs of SSR primers, giving average observed allele number, effective allele number, expected heterozygosity, Shannon index of 6, 2.24, 0.4637 and 0.7738 per marker respectively. Both genetic diversity analysis and population structure analysis divided 102 foxtail millet materials into 4 groups, and the varieties from Henan province scattered in each of the four groups, showing more abundant genetic diversity. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that no obvious LD structures were found among 70 SSR markers. Totally 10 associated markers were detected by GLM and MLM models, combined with allele effect analysis results, it could be determined that b115, MPGC13, b227, b194 and p56 were associated with spike weight, panicle length, number of leaves and heading stage at Jilin, Gongzhuling, sigms9034 and b125 were associated with panicle length and spikelet number at Luoyang, P18 and p59 were associated with spike weight at Ledong, p6 was associated with number of leaves and spikelet number at Jilin, Gongzhuling and Luoyang respectively. The average contribution rates of single marker to phenotypic variation ranged from 7.76% to 34.05%. Three alleles, sigms9034-168, P18-166 and p56-244, could increase panicle length and spike weight, shorten heading stage significantly, which would be used to improve panicle traits and shorten growth period by marker-assisted selection breeding.【Conclusion】Five marker loci (b115, MPGC13, b227, b194 and p56) were steadily detected at Jilin and Gongzhuling, two marker loci (sigms9034, b125), two marker loci (P18, p59) were steadily detected at Luoyang and Ledong respectively for two consecutive years. One marker locus (p6) was steadily detected at Jilin, Gongzhuling and Luoyang, three geographical environments for two consecutive years. Three elite alleles (sigms9034-168bp, P18-166bp, p56-244bp) that could be used to carry out marker-assisted selection for panicle traits and growth period were obtained.     

A Comparative Analysis of B Chromosomes and Genetic Diversity in Maize （Zea mays L.） Landraces from Southwest China

The number of B chromosomes （Bs） in 54 maize landraces from Southwest China was tested by means of cytological observations. Nine landraces with Bs were observed. A map, showing the geographic distribution of the landraces with Bs, was plotted. It was found that southeastern Sichuan Province in China was the main distribution area of the landraces with Bs in Southwest China. In order to obtain information on relationships between Bs and genetic variation, genetic diversity both among and within 11 landraces was evaluated. For each SSR marker, the number of alleles ranged from 3 to 12 with an average of 7.86, which revealed a high level of genetic diversity among maize landraces in Southwest China. Based on SSRs data, higher genetic variation was found in the landraces with 2B, and the genetic distance between the landraces with and without Bs was higher. The results together with the principal component analysis （PCA） supported the hypothesis that maize landraces in Southwest China were first introduced to the middle part of southwest Sichuan, China. At the same time, the effect of Bs on genetic variation was discussed.     

中国玉米骨干亲本黄早四杂种优势形成的遗传基础解析

【目的】杂种优势利用是实现玉米高产育种的重要途径。解析玉米骨干亲本黄早四杂种优势形成的遗传基础,对指导中国玉米骨干亲本高效利用和高产育种具有重要的理论研究意义与生产利用价值。【方法】以玉米黄改系杂种优势类群的骨干亲本黄早四为共同亲本与11个代表性自交系构建的、包含2 000个重组自交系（recombination inbred line,RIL）的巢式关联分析群体（nested association mapping population,NAM）为试验材料,分别与改良瑞德×黄改系杂优利用模式的代表自交系郑58和昌7-2进行测交,并在全国4个玉米主产区10个试验点开展测交群体的多环境产量及重要农艺性状鉴定。在开展NAM测交群体产量和重要农艺性状相关性分析、各性状在NAM群体及其测交群体之间相关性分析基础上,基于高密度遗传图谱,利用联合逐步回归（Joint stepwise regression）模型进行了NAM及其测交群体QTL定位和产量QTL的复等位遗传分析,并对NAM及其测交群体定位QTL所在区域的遗传重组率进行了比较。【结果】表型分析结果表明,2个测交群体的株高和产量相关性状（主要是行粒数和百粒重）与小区产量均表现出较高的正相关关系。但强优势测交组合（郑58测交群体）的产量表现与NAM群体自身的产量表现相关性较低,表明相对于弱优势测交组合（昌7-2测交群体）,强优势测交组合的产量表现受RIL家系自身的产量影响较小。QTL定位结果表明,与NAM群体相比,利用其测交群体检测到的QTL数目较少,但能解释更高的表型变异。昌7-2和郑58测交群体定位到的QTL中,分别仅有27%和25%的位点与NAM群体定位结果重叠或相邻。主效位点的复等位分析结果表明,对于郑58测交群体（强优势测交组合）,在单穗产量QTL中,68.69%的增产等位变异来自骨干亲本黄早四。但在昌7-2测交群体中（弱优势测交组合）,仅有36.36%的增产等位变异来自黄早四。利用郑58测交群体共鉴定到13个重要的产量相关基因组区段,来自黄早四的等位变异在其中的11个区段表现为增产,这些区段对黄早四杂种优势的形成可能具有重要作用。QTL所在区域的重组率分析结果表明,利用郑58测交群体检测到的QTL所在区域具有较低的遗传重组率,符合杂种优势相关位点更容易分布于低重组区的基因组基本特征。【结论】在强优势测验种郑58遗传背景下,来自黄早四的等位变异对测交组合的产量具有重要遗传贡献,定位到的相关遗传区段与玉米杂种优势形成密切相关。     

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Maize Landraces from the South Maize Region of China

Understanding genetic diversity and population structure of landraces is important in utilization of these germplasm in breeding programs. In the present study, a total of 143 core maize landraces from the South Maize Region （SR） of China, which can represent the general profile of the genetic diversity in the landraces germplasm of SR, were genotyped by 54 DNA microsatellite markers. Totally, 517 alleles （ranging from 4 to 22） were detected among these landraces, with an average of 9.57 alleles per locus. The total gene diversity of these core landraces was 0.61, suggesting a rather higher level of genetic diversity. Analysis of population structure based on Bayesian method obtained the samilar result as the phylogeny neighbor-joining （N J） method. The results indicated that the whole set of 143 core landraces could be clustered into two distinct groups. All landraces from Guangdong, Hainan, and 15 landraces from Jiangxi were clustered into group 1, while those from the other regions of SR formed the group 2. The results from the analysis of genetic diversity showed that both of groups possessed a similar gene diversity, but group 1 possessed relatively lower mean alleles per locus （6.63） and distinct alleles （91） than group 2 （7.94 and 110, respectively）. The relatively high richness of total alleles and distinct alleles preserved in the core landraces from SR suggested that all these germplasm could be useful resources in germplasm enhancement and maize breeding in China.     

基于表型性状和SSR标记的山西省青狗尾草资源遗传多样性分析

利用表型性状和SSR标记对山西省41份青狗尾草资源进行遗传多样性分析。在表型水平,通过分析每份资源的株型、穗型、叶型等14个表型性状指标的测定结果,发现山西青狗尾草资源具有较为丰富的表型多样性,其中叶片绿色的深浅即叶绿素含量遗传多样性指数最高,为2.76,其余性状遗传多样性指数也大多保持在2.0左右;大多数青狗尾草的穗型为纺锤形,籽粒颜色和形状分别是青色和纺锤形。通过表型聚类可将山西青狗尾草资源划分为3个类群:第1类主要表现为株高、穗数等整体指标居中;第2类主要表现为植株小,穗数少,单株干重低等;第3类主要表现为植株高大,穗数多,穗重等。聚类分析发现表型多样性与山西特定生态地理区划有一定相关性。在分子水平,利用20对SSR引物共检测到102个等位变异,平均每个位点5个,基因多样性与PIC的平均值分别为0.66和0.61。虽然聚类分析、群体结构分析和主成分分析均将41份青狗尾草资源分为了3类,但3种方法对狗尾草资源的划分结果并不完全一致,且划分出的3个类群与山西的生态地理区划也不完全一致,表明不同表型和遗传背景的青狗尾草资源在山西混合分布,区域之间没有明显界限。     

西藏玉米地方品种表型多样性分析及类群划分

为了解西藏玉米地方品种多样性及类群特点,进一步挖掘优异基因资源,采用多年重复实验,对179份西藏玉米地方品种的36个农艺性状进行多样性鉴定,利用离差平方和方法分年进行聚类分析,分析了西藏玉米地方品种的表型特征,结果表明:西藏玉米地方品种存在较高水平的多样性,36个农艺性状中有20个性状的多样性指数达2.0以上,其中粒色的多样性指数2.27,体现西藏玉米地方品种粒色丰富的突出特点。基于36个性状的聚类分析结果将西藏玉米地方品种分为3大类群,即晚熟高秆型、高寒早熟型和干热河谷硬粒型。其中干热河谷硬粒类群是西藏玉米传统主栽地方品种类型,综合性状与国内其他族群不同,属西藏特色中熟硬粒玉米。全面分析表明,西藏玉米地方品种表现较高的表型多样性水平,具有重要的演化地位,为西藏是我国玉米的重要传入路径提供理论依据。基于综合性状所划分的3大玉米类群具有不同的表型特征与育种利用价值,作为该区玉米地方品种的保护和开发利用理论基础。     

利用SSR标记研究爆裂玉米自交系的遗传变异及其与普通玉米的遗传关系

 利用113对多态性SSR引物研究了来源于8个基础材料的26个爆裂玉米自交系的遗传多样性及其与分属6个杂种优势类群的20个普通玉米骨干自交系的种质关系。在26个爆裂玉米自交系间共检测出301条带，平均每个位点的等位基因数为2.66个，多态性信息量为0.068～0.217，平均遗传距离为0.357。利用SSR数据进行聚类分析，将46个供试自交系分为爆裂和普通玉米自交系两大类；26个爆裂玉米自交系分为8个类群，高杂种优势组合的双亲自交系均属于不同类群，而在同一类群自交系间尚未组配出具有高杂种优势的组合；普通玉米自交系的分类结果与以往研究和育种实践相一致，表明SSR标记技术可以用于爆裂玉米自交系间的遗传多样性研究。不同类群爆裂玉米自交系与各类群普通玉米自交系的平均遗传距离为0.549～0.672，应根据两类自交系间的遗传关系对爆裂玉米自交系实施有针对性的分群改良。     

四川小麦地方品种和主栽品种SSR多态性比较研究

利用 2 4个SSR标记对 8份四川小麦地方品种和 8份主栽品种的遗传多样性进行比较研究。结果表明 ,在 2 4个SSR标记位点上共检测到 75个等位变异 ,每一位点检测到的等位变异数目为 1到 6个 ,平均 3 1个 ;其中 2 1个SSR位点 (87 5 % )能够揭示材料间的多态性。根据SSR标记数据计算四川小麦品种间的遗传相似系数 ,其变化范围为 0 5 44到 0 892 ,平均值为 0 6 99。从群体间的遗传相似系数来看 ,四川小麦地方品种群体内的遗传多样性较低 ,而主栽小麦品种群体内的遗传多样性相对较高。从UPGMA聚类关系来看 ,四川小麦地方品种间的亲缘关系较近 ,首先聚在一起 ;其中“中国春”与“成都光头”间的亲缘关系最近 ,进一步证实“中国春”是“成都光头”的一个选系     

利用表型和SSR标记分析河南省玉米地方品种的遗传多样性

 【目的】分析河南省玉米地方品种的遗传多样性,为进一步改良利用提供合理方案。【方法】利用表型和SSR标记基因型,对88份有代表性的地方品种进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】这些地方品种农艺性状表现出较大差异,表型聚类将其划分为7个类群,大部分品种聚在一个类群内,但仍有部分品种独立成群。SSR分析表明,每对引物可以稳定检测到2～10个等位基因,40对SSR引物共检测到198个等位基因,平均每个位点4.95个等位基因,遗传相似系数为0.63～0.89。SSR标记聚类分析同样将此材料划分为7个类群,大部分品种仍主要集中在一个主群内。Mental测验结果表明,表型同基因型距离矩阵间存在极显著正相关(r=0.78,P=0.01)。【结论】河南省玉米地方品种来源较单一,遗传多样性较差,仅少部分品种较为独立,可有针对性地保存和改良利用。     

中国玉米地方品种的种族划分及其特点研究

[目的]系统了解中国玉米地方品种多样性及所包括的种族类型,是研究作物生态分化、进一步挖掘优异基因资源、实现育种持续发展的重要基础性工作.[方法]以能代表中国地方品种多样性的核心种质中所包括的730份地方品种为材料,采用随机区组设计,对研究材料进行包括生育期性状在内的31个农艺性状进行了多年鉴定,基于这些表型性状的调查值,进行主成份分析以及聚类分析,依据聚类分析所揭示的表型性状计算730份玉米品种的欧式距离(Euclidean distance),进而对中国玉米地方品种进行种族划分.[结果]主成份分析结果表明,前13个主成份可以囊括所有表型的86.2%遗传信息,基于这13个主成份所揭示的11个表型性状的Neighbor-Joining(NJ)聚类结果表明,中国玉米可以划分为9个种族,即西南黄色硬粒种族、西南白色硬粒种族、北方黄色硬粒种族、北方白色硬粒种族、西南马齿种族、北方马齿种族、衍生种族、南方糯质玉米种族以及爆裂玉米种族.[结论]中国的玉米地方品种对本土具有良好的适应性与自身的特点,基于广泛地理来源的地方品种,所划分的9个玉米种族各自具有不同的表型特征与育种利用价值,但与南美及美国所拥有的玉米多样性相比,中国地方品种的遗传基础显得相对狭窄.引进和利用国外不同类型地方品种,依然具有重要的科学与实践意义.     

云南铁壳麦、地方和历史小麦品种的遗传多样性比较

遗传多样性研究对于小麦育种具有重要意义.该研究用20对SSR引物比较分析了云南铁壳麦、地方品种和历史品种的遗传差异.在37份云南铁壳麦、35份地方品种和30份历史品种中,分别检测到42,47和40个等位变异,每一个SSR引物分别检测到1～3,1～5和1～3个等位变异,平均分别为2.1,2.4和2.0个;云南铁壳麦、地方品种和历史品种的平均Neis基因多样性指数(He)分别为0.246(0～0.401),0.231(0～0.414)和0.244(0～0.495).用20对SSR引物计算了云南铁壳麦、地方品种和历史品种群体内及其群体间的遗传距离(GD)和平均遗传距离,结果显示云南铁壳麦和历史品种的遗传多样性要高于地方品种,而地方品种与历史品种之间具有较近的亲缘关系.聚类分析结果也表明云南地方品种和历史品种的亲缘关系较近,两者与云南铁壳麦的亲缘关系相对较远.云南小麦育种应加强更广泛的种质资源引进、创新及利用.     

Genetic Diversity of Two Important Groups of Maize Landraces with Same Name in China Revealed by M13 Tailed-Primer SSRs

Maize landraces White Dent and Golden Queen played a very important role in the pre-hybrid era of maize production in China. However, dozens of accessions with the same names of White Dent and Golden Queen are preserved in China National Genebank （CNG）. The present study investigated the genetic diversity of these two important groups of maize landraces, as well as the relationships within and among them. Thirty-four landrace accessions with the name of White Dent and 10 with Golden Queen preserved in CNG were fingerprinted with 52 simple sequence repeats with tailed primer M13. Summary statistics including average number of alleles per locus, gene diversity/expected heterozygosity, and observed heterozygosity were carried out using PowerMarker ver. 3.25 software. The test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （HWE） and linkage disequilibrium （LD） of all the 44 maize landrace accessions were also performed by PowerMarker. We observed a significant differentiation in terms of the average number of alleles between White Dent and Golden Queen （6.44 alleles per locus in White Dent, 4.48 in Golden Queen）, while both groups of maize landraces had a relatively high but similar gene diversity （0.61 of White Dent, 0.63 of Golden Queen）. The fixation index （FST） was only 0.0044, while the percentage of loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within these two groups of White Dent and Golden Queen was 32.69 and 3.92%, respectively. The rather high genetic diversity and average number of alleles per locus confirmed that both groups of landraces had a rather broad germplasm base. The extremely low fixation index showed that there was little genetic variation between White Dent and Golden Queen and the molecular variation within these two groups was remarkably high, indicating no genetic drift between White Dent and Golden Queen and suggesting different improvement approaches to these two important groups of landraces. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test revealed that the group of White Dent was deviated from HWE, whereas Golden Queen was under HWE.     

糜子骨干种质遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

【目的】糜子生育期短、耐干旱、耐瘠薄、水分利用效率高,了解糜子资源的遗传多样性和遗传结构,为今后糜子杂交育种、种质创新、挖掘抗旱基因及资源的高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用表型鉴定和SSR分子标记对糜子资源进行遗传多样性检测。利用模糊隶属函数法分析糜子种质的株高、主穗长、叶片长、叶片宽、主茎节数、主茎粗、单株穗重、单株粒重和千粒重9个表型性状的分布情况。利用DPS7.05软件进行表型性状的遗传多样性分析、相关性分析和主成分分析,综合评价糜子种质资源的优劣。利用CTAB法提取糜子嫩叶基因组DNA,并利用SSR分子标记技术对不同地区的96份糜子种质资源的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,后经8%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离,银染后显色。利用PowerMaker 3.25软件计算每对引物的等位基因数（A）、主要等位基因频率（M）、基因多样性指数（He）和多态性信息含量指数（PIC）,并进行N-J遗传距离的统计分析;利用Structure 2.3.1分析群体遗传结构。【结果】糜子表型遗传多样性分析表明：9个表型性状分布集中,且绝大部分呈极显著相关;单株粒重和单株穗重遗传变异最丰富,不同省份的资源在表型性状上表现出不同的遗传多样性,山西资源表型遗传多样性最丰富。采用主成分分析法和综合评价法表明,内糜1号的综合性状表现最差,宁糜15号的综合性状表现最好。采用19对SSR引物对96份糜子种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,共检测出112个等位变异;每个位点的等位变异数为3-9个,平均5.9个;平均主要等位基因频率为0.7045;平均基因多样性指数为0.4097;平均多态性信息含量位点百分数为39.2%。不同地理来源糜子种质资源的遗传多样性分析表明,各省份间糜子资源的亲缘关系均较近;山西省资源的基因多样性指数及多态性信息含量百分数最高,分别为0.357和33.01%。基于模型的遗传结构分析和基于遗传距离的聚类分析将试验材料划分为3个类群,两种分类结果有一定相似性,皆与生态环境密切相关。【结论】糜子遗传变异较为丰富,遗传多样性高,尤其是山西糜子资源的遗传多样性最丰富;不同地理来源的糜子种质资源亲缘关系均较近,且其遗传多样性与生态环境密切相关。     

黄淮麦区近年大面积推广小麦品种的遗传多样性分析

采用31对SSR引物对黄淮麦区近年大面积推广的25份小麦品种进行微卫星标记位点扫描及遗传多样性分析,共检测到148个等位基因变异,变化范围为2~15个,平均每个位点检测到的等位基因数为4.77个。位点多态性信息指数(PIC)变幅为0.253~0.889,平均0.552。3个基因组的平均等位变异丰富度为D>B>A,遗传多样性指数为D>A>B。7个部分同源群的平均等位变异丰富度为1>7>2>5>3=4>6,平均遗传多样性指数为5>3>6>4>2>1>7。聚类分析表明,品种间的遗传相似系数(GS)变幅0.34~0.85,平均为0.61,SSR标记能将25份小麦品种相互区分开,在遗传相似系数(GS)0.59处,可将供试品种聚为5大类,其中80%的品种被聚在第Ⅰ类,同一地区或育种单位的品种大致聚在一个类群里。表明黄淮麦区近年大面积推广的小麦品种间遗传差异较小,遗传基础狭窄。     

新疆小麦地方品种遗传多样性的SSR分析

为了评价新疆小麦地方品种的遗传多样性,利用42对SSR引物对75份新疆小麦地方品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：在75份地方品种中42个SSR位点共检测到317个等位变异,等位变异变化范围为2~15个,平均7.55个;多态性信息指数(PIC值)变化范围为0.169~0.905,平均0.696。基因组的平均等位变异是D＞B＞A,遗传多样性指数为B＞D＞A。聚类分析表明75份供试新疆小麦材料可划分为3大类8亚类,聚类结果与材料的生态型密切相关,冬小麦地方品种和春小麦地方品种分别归属不同的类或亚类,春小麦地方品种的遗传多样性高于冬小麦地方品种,同时也反映了一定的地域特性。总之,新疆小麦地方品种具有丰富的遗传多样性,可用以拓宽育成品种的遗传基础。