蛋鸡的冬季饲养管理

我国位于北半球寒极西伯利亚的南端，冬季受强烈的西北风环流影响，地面冷空气在高空西北气流引导下向南侵袭，从而使我国成为世界上同纬度国家中最冷的国家，特别是东北、华北和西北地区，具有典型的冬季气候。     

寒潮暴雪天气奶牛饲养管理技术

<正>进入2010年,我国东北、西北和华北地区受到寒流的影响,1月2～5日,从西北到华北、东北以及华东和南方各省开始强降雨雪,4～6日东北、华北以及西北地区出现了近30年来的低温天气,很多地区出现零下20℃,甚至零下40℃的极端低温,对奶牛生产和产奶性能造成极大地影响,出     

寒冷的冬季如何应对奶牛冷应激——奶业专家为奶牛抵御寒冬献计献策

<正>关注奶牛冷应激进入2010年,我国东北、西北和华北地区均受到寒流侵袭。1月2～5日,西北、华北、东北以及华东和南方各省开始强降雨雪;4～6日,东北、华北以及西北地区出现了30年难遇的低温天气,很多地区出现了–     

冬季奶牛饲养管理要点

<正> 进入2010年以来,我国东北、西北和华北地区受到寒流的影响,很多地方出现了近30年来的低温天气,很多地区出现-20℃,甚至-40℃的极端低温,对奶牛生产和产奶性能造成极大的影响,出现奶产量下降,最高的下降40%,有的奶牛乳头冻坏,乳房冻伤,新生犊牛由于寒冷死亡率大幅度上升。为减少严寒气候对奶牛生产造成的影响,尤其是在目前奶     

寒冷冬季奶牛饲养管理技术

进入2010年我国东北、西北和华北地区受到寒流的影响,1月2日－5日,从西北到华北、东北以及华东和南方各省开始强降雨雪,4-6日东北、华北以及西北地区出现了近30年来的低温天气,很多地区出现零下20℃,甚至零下40℃的极端低温,对奶牛生产和产奶性能造成极大地影响,     

高温天气对奶牛生产的影响及应对措施

据统计，2010年6月1日至7月6日，全国大部分地区持续出现高温天气。东北、华北、新疆、长江流域和华南等地区共有162个气温观测站的日最高气温达到极端事件标准，其中，黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古和新疆的34个站监测的最高气温突破历史极值。大面积的极端高温天气对我国奶牛养殖业造成了一定影响，     

气候对乳牛产乳的影响

一、产乳期乳牛产乳不但要求有适宜的天气、气候条件，还与牧草生长和饲养条件有关。有人曾把西北、东北、华北地区的观测资料进行了对比分析，结果证明：同为花白乳牛，西北北部地区泌乳高峰期在６月份，这一地区春季天气变化剧烈，气温日相差大，产乳量也出现不稳定状况...     

冬季奶牛饲养管理要点

进入2010年以来,我国东北、西北和华北地区受到寒流的影响,很多地方出现了近30年来的低温天气,很多地区出现一20℃,甚至一40~C的极端低温,对奶牛生产和产奶性能造成极大的影响,出现奶产量下降,最高的下降40％,有的奶牛乳头冻坏,乳房冻伤,新生犊牛由于寒冷死亡率大幅度上升。为减少严寒气候对奶牛生产造成的影响,尤其是在目前奶价持续攀高的情况下,     

高温天气对奶牛生产的影响及应对措施

据统计,2010年6月以来,全国大部分地区持续出现高温天气,东北、华北、新疆、甘肃西部、长江流域和华南等地区共有162个气温观测站日最高气温达极端事件标准,其中黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古和新疆的34个站监测的最高气温突破历史极值.     

高温气候对奶牛生产的影响及应对技术措施

据统计,2010年6月以来,全国大部分地区持续出现高温天气,东北、华北、新疆、甘肃西部、长江流域和华南等地区共有162个气温观测站日最高气温达到极端事件标准,其中黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古和新疆的34个站监测的最高气温突破历史极值。大面积的极端高温天气对我国奶牛养殖业造成了一定的影响,当环境温度达到40℃时,奶牛的采食量仅为适温采食量的20%~40%,奶产量下降15%~40%或更多。     

Seroepidemiological characterization and risk factors associated with seroconversion to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in goats from Northeastern Brazil

Goat breeding in the Northeast region of Brazil plays an important socioeconomic role. However, there are significant losses caused by sanitary deficits and infectious diseases, particularly caseous lymphadenitis (CL). Although CL is considered endemic in Northeastern Brazil, a comprehensive and up-to-date study of this disease in goat herds in this region is necessary. The objective of this study was to determine the farm-level and animal-level seroprevalences for the disease and to identify the possible risk factors that characterize CL in the caprine species of five Northeastern’s states (Ceará, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, and Sergipe). A total of 2744 goat serum samples from 230 farms were collected between 2010 and 2012. The diagnosis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection was performed using the indirect ELISA technique. Farm-level and animal-level seroprevalences were 87.8% and 30.3%, respectively, suggesting that C. pseudotuberculosis is widespread in goat herds of the Northeast region. The risk factors were as follows: absence of forage silage (odds ratio?=?5.39), not separating animals by sex (odds ratio?=?4.16) or by age (odds ratio?=?6.30), not replacing old goat breeders (odds ratio?=?7.80), and non-treatment of CL lumps prior to spontaneous rupture (odds ratio?=?10.34). This study supports the idea that caseous lymphadenitis is widely disseminated in goats from Northeastern Brazil and based on the risk factor analysis attention should be given to the need to establish adequate control measures, such as incision and early drainage of superficial abscesses, quarantine and elimination of affected animals, periodic inspection of the herd, non-introduction of infected animals, and early disposal of animals with recurrent CL.

     

使用性激素提高奶牛性控冻精受胎率的探讨

我国东北地区地域辽阔,饲草资源丰富,是发展奶牛、肉牛的主要产业带,但是东北地区冬天较冷,对奶牛养殖有一定影响,在繁殖方面会影响奶牛的发情率和受胎率,雌性激素对奶牛的发情和配种妊娠有一定效果。为了提高奶牛的发情率和怀孕率,本试验于10～12月份在阜新地区,随机选择了一些青年牛分为对照组、促排卵素组和促黄体素组,探讨提高受胎率的方法,结果显示受胎率并没有显著提高(P>0.05),下一步应该从其他方法再做努力。     

冰冻灾害对庐山植物园猕猴桃生长发育与产量的影响

庐山植物园猕猴桃种质资源．圃位于庐山海拔1100m山林之中,占地面积1 hm2,主要功能是保育保存猕猴桃属优良活体种质资源。庐山冬季时间长,低温持续时间自当年11月中旬至翌年4月上中旬,因空气湿度大而容易形成冰冻,低温冰冻天气主要集中于1—4月。经2008—2010年对猕猴桃冻害调查发现,冰冻对猕猴桃的危害主要表现为：冬芽冻伤、主蔓受冻、根部受冻和果实受冻,并针对庐山的冰冻灾害提出对猕猴桃越冬的防护措施。     

National Meat Case Study 2004: Fresh product types and allocation of retail space

Fresh meat retail cases in 104 supermarkets across 5 regions of the United States were audited for product space allocation, percentage of space allocated to each fresh meat category and frequency of species among all stock keeping units (n = 14,863). The United States was divided into Mountain/Southwest, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, and West Coast regions. Fresh meat categories for self-service cases included beef muscle cuts, ground beef, pork, veal, lamb, chicken, turkey, fresh sausage, value-added, heat and serve, ham-bone-in, ham-boneless, ham steak, other processed meats, seafood, and nonmeat items. Fresh meat categories for the full-service case included seafood, beef, pork, chicken, and other. Whole muscle beef, pork, and chicken products were available in all stores. Ground beef products and turkey were reported in almost all stores, 94.5 to 100%, respectively. The majority of the self-service meat case was dedicated to beef in all regions except for the Northeast, where chicken occupied the majority of the self-service case. Linear meters of self-service fresh meat case were greatest in the Northeast region, which was similar to Mountain and Midwest regions, but different (P = 0.003) than the Southeast and West Coast regions. However, the West Coast region best utilized the retail meat case by providing consumers with the greatest number of offerings per linear meter. The percentage of stores audited with a full-service meat case was 37.5%, and the percentage with a full-service seafood case was 60.6%. The full-service meat case was the smallest (number of linear meters, P = 0.039) in the Southeast and largest (number of linear meters, P = 0.039) in the Midwest.     

Research Progress on Pseudorabies and Its Influence on Fur-bearing Animals

Pseudorabies outbreak and spread both at home and abroad since 2010.It is reported that some vaccinated swine are infected with pseudorabies virus,even a certain amount of death happened in not only China but European and American area.From about 7% in 2010 to 26% in 2014,the prevalence of field strain pseudorabies virus(PRV) rose year by year.At the same time,in the Northeast and North China including Shangdong province,fur-bearing animals as mink and fox also were attacked by this virus with a high virus carried rate reaching 30.6% to 37.2%.In addition,the PRV adapt to fur-bearing animals would cause high incidence and mortality rates.In order to study the causes of the disease and develop the prevention and control measures in time,pseudorabies epidemical situation,test method,the use of vaccine were reviewed in this paper.What's more,the endemism of the mink was expounded,and gave analysis and prospects to prevention as well as treatment of this disease on fur-bearing animals.     

伪狂犬病及其对毛皮动物的影响研究进展

自2010年以来,伪狂犬病在国内外呈暴发和蔓延趋势。免疫后猪感染伪狂犬现象在欧美地区和中国多数省份都有报道,且有一定数量的死亡发生。伪狂犬病野毒感染的血清阳性率逐年上升,从2010年的7%左右上升到2014年的26%。同时中国东北、华北和山东一带还有不同程度的水貂、狐狸等毛皮动物感染发病的情况,通过血清学和分子生物学检测发现阳性带毒率高达30.6%～37.2%。另外,适应了毛皮动物的伪狂犬病病毒会引起毛皮动物迅速发病和较高的死亡率。为了更好地研究该病发生的原因并及时地制定防控措施,作者对目前伪狂犬病在国内外的流行情况、疫苗的使用种类和该病的检测方法等方面进行了综合、系统的概括,并总结了在毛皮动物上发病的特有现象,就该病如何在毛皮动物中进行有效的治疗和防控做出了具体的分析和展望。     

中国西北干旱草地生态区划分及宜栽牧草

对我国西北地区干旱草地进行了广泛的调研,引种,驯化和成功繁育了国内外30余种适于西北地区干旱环境栽培的耐旱牧草,并对旱生、超旱生牧草的生态型进行了量化界定的基础上,根据地理位置、水热资源、植物群落、土壤类型及地表基质等4项指标,将我国西北干旱草地划分确定为高原、盆地极旱荒漠草地生态区;黄土高原干旱、半干旱草地生态区;青藏高原、黄土高原农牧交错带草地生态区和人工草地生态区,及各干旱草地生态区宜栽牧草。     

Morphological study of the Forestomach of the Japanese Serow (Capricomis crispus)

Details of the morphology of the forestomach of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) were examined macroscopically, and by light and scanning electron microscopy. The rumen was sac-like in shape, and the right accessory longitudinal groove was not visible externally. The reticulum was relatively small, while the omasum was oval and large. Inside the rumen, even in the dorsal sac, the ruminal papillae were densely distributed, although absent on the pillars. The caudodorsal coronary pillar was indistinct. In the ruminoreticular fold, ruminal papillae were observed even on the reticulum side. In the reticulum, the primary reticular fold was apparent and the ill-defined secondary folds were also detected in some reticular cells. In the omasum, the omasal laminae of four sizes were recognized. The fourth order of laminae was occasionally absent. Histological sections of ruminal papillae revealed that softly keratinized epithelium covered the entire ruminal mucosa. In the reticulum, soft keratinized epithelium was observed throughout, with the exception of the tips of reticular papillae on which the epithelium showed evidence of hard keratinization. The epithelium of the omasal laminae was moderately keratinized. On the floor of the reticular groove, interlaminar area and in the omasal groove, the accumulations of numerous eosinophilic cells were observed in the superficial region. Under the scanning electron microscope, shallow transverse grooves were seen on the surface of the ruminal papillae. In general, the surface structure seemed to be similar to that of sheep rather than cattle. Cellular formations of the collagen fibrils were observed at the subepithelial region. In conclusion, examination of the forestomach allows classification of the Japanese serows as requiring an intermediate type of feeding habit and being between concentrate selectors and grass-roughage eaters from a morphological view.     

甘南和川西北地区草地植被NDVI变化及其驱动因素研究

草地是甘南和川西北地区最主要的植被覆盖类型,约占研究区面积的43.91%。为探明该地区草地的生长状况变化及其驱动因素,基于MOD13A3数据,采用趋势分析、变异系数、偏相关分析和残差分析,对研究区草地归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）时空动态变化和稳定性进行分析,并研究了气象因素和人类活动对草地NDVI变化的影响。结果表明：2000-2018年甘南和川西北地区草地生长期NDVI呈上升趋势的面积占比为74.17%,其中17.15%通过显著性验证;研究区草地NDVI整体较高（均值为0.7096）,在19年间全区和各类型草地NDVI均呈波动上升趋势,生长状况稳定,仅有6.08%的草地波动幅度较大;温度和降水对研究区草地NDVI的变化主要呈正向驱动,且NDVI与温度呈正相关的面积（70.19%）大于降水（62.63%）,人类活动在2000-2005年对草地NDVI呈负向影响,2006-2017年呈正向影响。     

中国马鹿的研究现状及展望

马鹿在世界上主要分布于欧洲南部和中部、北美洲、非洲北部、亚洲的俄罗斯东部、蒙古、朝鲜和喜马拉雅山地区,在中国马鹿有8个亚种,主要分布在东北、华北、西北及西南等地。本文根据文献资料系统地总结了中国马鹿的研究现状,展望了马鹿需要研究的问题,为中国马鹿的保护及科研活动开展提供依据。