60Co-γ辐照改性银掺杂纳米TiO2及光催化降解乙烯

为了解60Co-γ射线辐照且以活性炭纤维(ACF)为载体所负载TiO2的半导体材料(TiO2/ACF)对光催化降解冷藏环境中乙烯的影响,该文拟采用60Co-γ辐照制备纳米Ag沉积的TiO2/ACF (Ag-TiO2/ACF)光催化材料,在模拟园艺产品的冷藏环境中,进行了3种不同膜的光催化降解乙烯效果的研究,并利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对所制备的光催化材料进行相关的表征分析.结果表明:在加入分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮后,60C0-γ辐照能使Ag颗粒较好地负载在TiO2上,TiO2均匀分散在ACF膜上而不发生团聚,且TiO2颗粒晶相改变、尺寸变小,有助于提高Ag-TiO2/ACF的催化效率.Ag-TiO2/ACF光催化降解乙烯的效果用一级动力学速率方程描述;经辐照制备的Ag-TiO2/ACF薄膜比未辐照的TiO2/ACF和辐照的TiO2/ACF薄膜光催化降解乙烯的反应速率常数分别提高了44％和37％.研究结果为TiO2光催化技术的进一步的应用提供了参考.     

60Co-g辐照改性银掺杂纳米TiO2及光催化降解乙烯

为了解60Co-射线辐照且以活性炭纤维(ACF)为载体所负载TiO2的半导体材料(TiO2/ACF)对光催化降解冷藏环境中乙烯的影响,该文拟采用60Co-辐照制备纳米Ag沉积的TiO2/ACF(Ag-TiO2/ACF)光催化材料,在模拟园艺产品的冷藏环境中,进行了3种不同膜的光催化降解乙烯效果的研究,并利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对所制备的光催化材料进行相关的表征分析。结果表明:在加入分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮后,60Co-辐照能使Ag颗粒较好地负载在TiO2上,TiO2均匀分散在ACF膜上而不发生团聚,且TiO2颗粒晶相改变、尺寸变小,有助于提高Ag-TiO2/ACF的催化效率。Ag-TiO2/ACF光催化降解乙烯的效果用一级动力学速率方程描述;经辐照制备的Ag-TiO2/ACF薄膜比未辐照的TiO2/ACF和辐照的TiO2/ACF薄膜光催化降解乙烯的反应速率常数分别提高了44%和37%。研究结果为TiO2光催化技术的进一步的应用提供了参考。     

离子溅射银对光电协同灭青霉菌的影响

为解决果蔬采后易受微生物作用而腐败变质的问题,该文进行了纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)光催化技术灭活园艺产品冷藏环境中青霉菌的研究:以活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)为载体,以粉末浸渍-提拉法制备TiO_2-ACF薄膜,采用离子溅射法在ACF薄膜上作贵重金属银沉积处理,研究表面溅射与底层溅射纳米Ag粒子及施以外加电压处理对TiO_2-ACF薄膜光催化灭活青霉菌的影响及机理。结果显示,不同的溅射方式对试验结果有不同的影响,其中底层溅射效果较好,120 s时光催化灭活青霉菌速率最高;外加电压可提高TiO_2-ACF薄膜光催化速率,75 V是最优值,且光电催化作用效果优于单独光催化和电催化的总和。对负载的ACF薄膜表征分析,发现离子溅射较均匀地实现了纳米Ag-TiO_2混合粒子在ACF薄膜的表面及内部负载。研究结果为纳米TiO_2光催化技术在灭活园艺产品冷藏环境中青霉菌的实际应用提供参考。     

TiO2纳米粒子气固相光催化降解乙烯初探

该文对TiO₂纳米粒子气固光催化降解果蔬贮藏环境乙烯技术进行了初步研究。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米TiO₂薄膜作光催化剂，利用自行设计的气固光催化实验系统，研究了乙烯浓度、紫外光作用时间对光催化降解反应的影响，探讨了乙烯的光催化降解的动力学。结果显示：该研究所制备的TiO₂锐钛矿型含量为48.766%，比表面积为47.186 m²/g，具有良好的光催化性能；光催化降解乙烯比直接紫外线光降解效果显著，光照10 min时光催化乙烯降解率比直接紫外线光降解提高23.76%；乙烯的降解率随着其浓度的增加而降低；乙烯的光催化降解的动力学可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程加以描述。     

利用60Co-?射线辐照使TiO2改性后对乙烯的催化降解效果

为了解60Co-γ射线辐照且以活性炭纤维（activated carbon fiber,ACF）为载体所负载Ag沉积的TiO2的半导体材料（Ag-TiO2/ACF）对光催化降解冷藏环境中乙烯的影响,在模拟园艺产品的冷藏环境中,研究了不同辐照剂量下的TiO2对乙烯的降解,并利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）及X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）对所制备的光催化材料进行相关的表征分析。表征结果表明：随着辐照剂量的增加,总体上锐钛矿的含量及尺寸减小,Ti3+及羟基氧含量提高,这些变化能使TiO2的催化活性增强。乙烯降解试验结果表明,当辐照剂量小于25 kGy时,乙烯降解速率随辐照剂量的提升而提高;当辐照剂量大于25 kGy时,乙烯降解速率随辐照剂量的提升而下降,可能是辐照能量过高导致TiO2粒子聚集沉淀,催化能力下降。研究结果为 TiO2光催化技术的进一步应用提供了参考。     

正电晕放电耦合Ag-TiO_2降解乙烯的动力学及参数优化

为了解直流正电晕-纳米银沉积纳米TiO2光电催化耦合反应系统降解乙烯及调控臭氧的机理及其动力学规律,该文采用多针对圆筒内壁式电晕放电反应器为对象,在模拟园艺产品的冷藏环境中,进行了纳米TiO2的掺银量、放电功率和气流量等因素对乙烯降解和臭氧控制效果的影响研究。结果表明:建立了正电晕放电耦合活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)负载掺银的纳米TiO2(Ag-TiO2/ACF、Ag-TiO2*/ACF)降解乙烯的动力学模型,通过龙格库塔法数值求解微分方程组和最小二乘法得到动力学模型的反应常数,通过对反应常数比较,正电晕放电耦合Ag-TiO2*/ACF催化膜对乙烯降解和控制臭氧浓度具有较优的性能。采用二次旋转组合试验和回归拟合,建立了正电晕放电耦合Ag-TiO2*/ACF催化膜的乙烯降解反应常数、臭氧浓度上限的预测值与影响因素关系的二次多项数学模型,验证了模型的有效性,并优化出反应体系参数。研究结果为正直流电晕放电耦合纳米二氧化钛技术在园艺产品贮运保鲜设备中的应用提供了依据。     

辐照改性银掺杂TiO2纳米管催化紫外光降解乙烯效果

为了解辐照改性银掺杂二氧化钛纳米管阵列(titanium dioxide nanotube arrays,TNTAs)半导体材料对光催化降解冷藏环境中乙烯的影响,该文首先通过阳极氧化法制备TNTAs,后用60Co-γ射线对TNTAs进行辐照改性,再用辐照还原技术制备纳米银颗粒,最后用纳米银掺杂制备TNTAs-Ag光催化材料。利用场发射扫描电镜(field emission scanning electron microscope)、X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction)、X-射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)对半导体材料表征,结果表明:辐照能把无定型TNTAs转化为锐钛矿晶型,随辐照剂量提高,锐钛矿晶型衍射峰越来越尖锐,晶粒尺寸渐趋减小;TNTAs表面掺银后,银粒子以团簇形式沉积于TNTAs管口处,并未进入管壁内部。在模拟园艺产品冷藏环境中,进行紫外光催化降解乙烯研究,结果表明:辐照剂量为20 k Gy时,降解效果达最优,速率常数K′为2.03×10?4 min?1;纳米Ag引入后,TNTAs-Ag速率常数K′可达5.88×10?4 min?1,与未掺杂仅辐照的TNTAs相比提高了189.66%。     

TiO2纳米粒子气固相光催化降解乙烯初探

该文对TiO2纳米粒子气固光催化降解果蔬贮藏环境乙烯技术进行了初步研究.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米TiO2薄膜作光催化剂,利用自行设计的气固光催化实验系统,研究了乙烯浓度、紫外光作用时间对光催化降解反应的影响,探讨了乙烯的光催化降解的动力学.结果显示:该研究所制备的TiO2锐钛矿型含量为48.766%,比表面积为47.186 m2/g,具有良好的光催化性能;光催化降解乙烯比直接紫外线光降解效果显著,光照10 min时光催化乙烯降解率比直接紫外线光降解提高23.76%;乙烯的降解率随着其浓度的增加而降低;乙烯的光催化降解的动力学可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程加以描述.     

负载型Cs2O固体碱催化剂的制备及催化酯交换反应性能

以Cs₂CO₃作为催化剂前驱体,利用γ-Al₂O₃、TiO₂、MgO、SiO₂、CaO和NaY型分子筛6种不同的载体,在700℃下焙烧,制备Cs₂O固体碱催化剂,并用其催化菜籽油酯交换反应制取生物柴油。结果表明,以γ-Al₂O₃、MgO和CaO均能制备出超强固体碱,根据制备出的固体碱催化酯交换反应的酯交换率和产物分离性能分析,γ-Al₂O₃是最适合的载体。以Cs₂CO₃为前驱体,以γ-Al₂O₃为载体开展的催化剂试验结果表明：固体碱的最佳制备工艺条件为：煅烧温度700℃,煅烧时间5 h,煅烧气氛为N2。在此工艺条件下,制取的催化剂用于催化菜籽油的酯交换率达到了95.5%。     

稳定农作物生长环境温度的相变储能材料制备与性能

为了稳定农作物适宜生长的环境温度,该研究从微封装角度开发适用于农业应用的相变微胶囊储能材料,以农作物适宜生长温度（30 ℃左右）为基础制备TiO₂@正十八烷微胶囊（相变温度25～33 ℃）,并通过氧化石墨烯（GO）对微胶囊的热性能进行修饰优化处理获得GO/TiO₂@正十八烷微胶囊。在此基础上,针对所制备的GO/TiO₂@正十八烷微胶囊测定了其样品的形貌、化学组成,最后对样品的热物性进行了检测分析。结果表明：所制备的微胶囊在扫描电镜观测下呈球形,平均直径1～3μm,颗粒均匀,且具有完整的核壳结构,还可观察到纳米GO片附着在微胶囊表面;红外测试结果表明GO与微胶囊并未发生化学反应,两者属于物理结合;试验所制备的储能微胶囊的包封率约为52.9 %,利用质量分数为1 %、2 %、3 %GO修饰后微胶囊包封率分别为43.3 %、41.2 %、37.6 %,差示扫描量热仪测试数据表明TiO₂@正十八烷微胶囊的熔融焓和结晶焓分别为120、116 J/g;采用质量分数为1 %、2 %、3 %的GO对所制备的TiO₂@正十八烷微胶囊进行修饰后,其热导率相比未经GO修饰微胶囊分别提升了57.5 %、86.3 %、104.2 %。最后,综合差示扫描量热(Differential scanning calorimetry)测试和热重分析测试数据可知该研究方法所制备的GO/TiO₂@正十八烷微胶囊具有较为理想的相变潜热和高导热性能的特性,同时其具有良好的热稳定性和使用寿命,应用前景广泛,可为低温能源的二次利用提供一种新的参考方案。     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Black 5 by Fish Scale-Loaded TiO2 Composites

Titania and TiO₂/fish scale composites at different mass ratios (90:10, 70:30, and 50:50) were prepared by sol?Cgel method for application as photocatalysts in this study. Fish scale, synthesized TiO₂, and TiO₂/fish scale composites were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nitrogen sorption. Their photocatalytic activities were evaluated through the degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) under solar light irradiation. The effects of irradiation time, catalyst loading, and mass ratios of TiO₂/fish scale composites on the photocatalytic degradation of RB 5 were investigated. The results revealed that the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂/fish scale composites showed compatible and enhanced degradation compared to the synthesized titania.     

Removal of Mixed Pesticides from Drinking Water System Using Surfactant-Assisted Nano-TiO2

The present study focused on the degradation of mixed pesticides using UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of lindane (1α,2α,3β,4α,5α,6β-hexachlorocyclohexane), methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate), and dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl-O-O-dimethyl phosphate). Different grades of TiO₂ were prepared through the acid route (AR), alcohol route (AlR), and surfactant route (SR) and their photocatalytic activity were compared with commercially available Degussa P-25 TiO₂. The rate of degradation of pesticides was high for TiO₂ prepared through the SR compared to the other three catalysts. The crystalline structure and morphology of SR TiO₂ was identified with scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, UV, and transmission electron microscope analyses and was compared with that of Degussa P-25 TiO₂. Degradation studies of individual as well as mixed pesticides were carried out. The intermediate formed during the photodegradation of methyl parathion, lindane, and dichlorvos were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis.     

Speciation of Phosphorus and Cadmium in a Contaminated Soil Amended with Bone Char: Sequential Fractionations and XANES Spectroscopy

In this work, photocatalytic degradation of two reactive dyes, Reactive Yellow 84 (RY 84) and Reactive Black 5 (RB 5), on FeTiO₃/TiO₂ heterojunction in the presence of UV–visible radiation and H₂O₂ has been reported. FeTiO₃/TiO₂ heterojunction has been prepared from ilmenite FeTiO₃ and anatase TiO₂ by employing oxalic acid as an organic linker. FeTiO₃/TiO₂ ratios have been varied from 1 to 5 wt.%, and the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and diffused reflectance UV–visible spectroscopic analysis. The photocatalytic activity of FeTiO₃/TiO₂ heterojunction for the degradation of the organic dyes RY 84 and RB 5 in the presence of UV–visible light was found to be higher than that of pure TiO₂. The addition of H₂O₂ increases the rate of degradation of both dyes on FeTiO₃/TiO₂ heterojunction. It facilitates the fast degradation of dye solutions even when their concentration was above 100 mg/l, which is otherwise very slow due to the low transmittance of light by the dye solution. The extent of mineralisation of the reactive dye during photocatalytic degradation was estimated from chemical oxygen demand analysis. FeTiO₃/TiO₂ heterojunction photocatalyst was also found to have good photostability; the material retains almost 97 % of its initial activity even in the fifth cycle.     

Synthesis of APTMS-Functionalized SiO2/TiO2 Transparent Film Using Peroxo Titanic Acid Refluxed Solution for Formaldehyde Removal

Amine-functionalized SiO₂/TiO₂ photocatalytic films have been synthesized using the peroxo titanic acid (PTA) approach coupled with the sol-gel dip-coating method. The 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) were employed as the amine functional groups and silica precursor. The effects of the ratio of APTMS/MTMOS, PTA refluxed time, and pH of prepared sol on the characteristics and the formaldehyde degradation efficiency were investigated. Physicochemical properties of prepared photocatalysts were characterized with nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm measurement, SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectrophotometer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD and FTIR results indicated that the obtained photocatalysts consisted of –NH₂ groups, SiO₂, and anatase TiO₂. The photocatalytic films showed high transmittance of 80–90% in the visible light region. The obtained film prepared with the APTMS/MTMOS ratio of 0.03, pH of 1.8, and 10 h of refluxed time possessed high specific surface area (604.0 m² g^?1) and 85% formaldehyde degradation efficiency. The enhancement of formaldehyde degradation efficiency was observed when increasing the PTA refluxed time. The repeatability of photocatalytic film was also tested, and the degradation efficiency was 92.0% of initial efficiency after seven cycles.     

Remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soil by soil washing and subsequent TiO2 photocatalytic degradation

Purpose

An efficient method was developed for treating polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated soil by soil washing and subsequent TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation, and the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of PCBs was explored.

Materials and methods

Hydroxypropyl-??-cyclodextrin (HP??CD) and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij35) were used to extract PCBs from contaminated soil at first, and then the degradation of PCBs in the soil extracts was performed by TiO₂ photocatalysis under UV irradiation.

Results and discussion

Washing conditions including washing time, the concentration of HP??CD/Brij35, and the ratio of soil mass to solution volume for extracting 2,4,4??-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28) from a PCB28-spiked soil were investigated at first. The results indicated that both HP??CD and Brij35 exhibited good performance. The intermediates of photocatalytic degradation of PCB28 were from its dechlorination and hydroxylation in the HPCD and aqueous solutions, respectively. A field PCB-contaminated soil from e-waste recycling sites was treated by this method. The results showed that the extracting percentage was significantly affected by the chlorination degree of PCBs, and HP??CD slowed down the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of overall PCBs.

Conclusions

Soil washing and subsequent TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation was successfully applied for treating PCB-contaminated soil, and HP??CD strongly altered the pathways of the photocatalytic degradation of PCBs.