8株布氏杆菌BCSP31基因的序列分析

参照GenBank中布氏杆菌的全基因组序列，设计一对特异性引物，通过PCR方法，扩增了8株来自3个布氏杆菌种的布氏杆菌表面蛋白31（BCSP31）全基因。PCR产物经克隆和序列分析后发现，该基因非常保守，8株不同菌株间的同源性高于99．3％；进化关系分析显示，5株中国来源的菌株（S2，M5，M111，M28，A387）显示了最近的同源关系，其中2个弱毒菌株S2和M5的BCSP31基因序列100％同源。3株外国来源的菌株（S19，2308，Rev．1）中，S19和2308同源性为100％。Rev．1与其他7株布氏杆菌BCSP31基因均有较大的差异。序列分析结果表明，BCSP31基因序列差异与布氏杆菌的种属和毒力无相关性。     

山羊关节炎-脑炎病毒甘肃株env基因的克隆和序列分析

本试验参考GenBank上发表的CAEV-63株的env基因核苷酸序列设计一对引物，以CAEV甘肃株前病毒DNA为模板，PCR扩增产物约2．9kb，与预期的目的片段大小一致。回收目的基因片段并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上，经PCR及酶切鉴定阳性的重组质粒测序，结果表明所扩增2893个核苷酸片段含有CAEV囊膜基因的全序列，编码964个氨基酸。核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析显示，CAEV甘肃株env基因与CAEV-63美国株的env基固核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为99．0％和98．1％。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒姻台株gB基因的序列测定及其结构功能分析

研究以鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ILTV）烟台株为模板，PCIK扩增出1条约2．7的gB基因片段，并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中。序列测定显示，gB基因长2622bp，包含完的阅读框架。序列比较分析发现，烟台株和王岗株、河北株的班基因核苷酸序列与SA2株的比均在第89位上缺失1个碱基G，而在第102位核苷酸处插入1个碱基A，从而引起氨基酸序中第29-32位5个氨基酸的移码突变。烟台株还有另外7个碱基发生突变，使得其班基因与北株、王岗株、SA2疫苗株的gB基因核苷酸同源性分别为99．8％、99．7％和99．6％，氨基酸的同性分别为99．4％、99．4％、98．9％，表明不同ILTV毒株之间gB基因是非常保守的。划型相列河源     

猪细小病毒Z株NS部分基因的扩增及序列分析

从猪细小病毒Z株提取基因组DNA，利用PCR扩增部分基因，并对该扩增片段进行测序与分析。结果表明，扩增的NS基因长330bp，编码109个氨基酸。氨基酸序列中含有猪细小病毒的重要保守序列。并有1个潜在的糖基化位点NFSN。Z株NS基因与其他猪细小病毒Kresse、NADL2-2、NADL2-1株的核苷酸同源性分别为99％、98％、98％，氨基酸同源性均为99％。     

新城疫病毒广东分离株HN基因的克隆与序列分析

用RT-PCR方法从6个新城疫病毒(NDV)广东分离株中扩增HN基因cDNA片段。并将其克隆至pGEM-T Easy载体进行核苷酸序列测定。结果表明，6个NDV分离株HN基因片段长度均为1704bp，编码568个氨基酸；彼此间核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为96．0％～99．8％和98．6％～100％，与其他基因Ⅶ型毒株的氨基酸序列同源性为96．8％～98．4％；但与其他基因型毒株如D26、Ulster/67、B1、LaSota以及GB Texas的氨基酸同源性较低，为88．2％～91．0％。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒青海株M蛋白基因的克隆与功能位点分析

克隆了猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）青海株（PEDV-QH）的M基因。经序列分析，PEDV-QH株编码膜蛋白M的开放阅读框（ORF）全长为681bp，包含154A（22．61％），160G23．49％），217T（31．86％），150C（22．03％），编码226aa，分子质量约为25ku。PEDV-QH株的M基因与CV777、JMe2、Br1／87、JS2004-2、KPEDV-9株核苷酸序列的同源性分别为98．5％、98．4％、98．4％、98．2％和97．9％，推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为99．1％、99．19／6、98．7％、98．2％、97．8％；M基因推导的氨基酸序列分析显示，M蛋白3次跨膜，有1个潜在的原核膜脂蛋白脂结合位点，3个潜在的N糖基化位点，4个潜在的丝氨酸或苏氨酸连接的蛋白激酶C或酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点。与CV777及Br1／87核苷酸序列以及氨基酸遗传衍化关系分析显示，PEDV-QH株M基因的变异主要属于同义突变。     

3株致病性鸡大肠杆菌P型菌毛结构基因的克隆、序列测定及同源性分析

用鸡致病性大肠杆菌分离株O1、O2和O78的基因组DNA做为模板，PCR分别扩增出了0．55kb的P型菌毛结构基因(papA)。将扩增得到的3个papA基因片段分别克隆进pGEM—T栽体中，转化至受体菌JM109中，用Amp／IPTG／X-gal琼脂平板蓝白菌落筛选法，得到含阳性重组子的菌株，提取质粒后用BamH Ⅰ和Sal Ⅰ双酶切进行鉴定。所得阳性重组子进行DNA序列测定，测序结果经DNA Star核酸分析软件包分析比较，结果表明，所构建的克隆质粒中均含有相应完整papA基因，其开放式阅读框架大小为549bp，编码182个氨基酸。此3株菌的P型菌毛结构基因的同源性为98.9％～100％，其中O1株和O78株的P型菌毛基因的ORF序列100％相同，O2株有2个碱基与前两者不同。     

非洲狮朊蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已报道的哺乳动物朊蛋白基因序列设计了1对引物，采用PCR方法扩增了16只非洲狮的朊蛋白基因，序列分析结果表明，所得到的非洲狮朊蛋白基因片段长678bp、编码226个氨基酸的前体蛋白，其核苷酸序列的同源性为99．79％以上，发现了4个核苷酸多态性位点，无氨基酸变异。经与已报道的猫、貂、绵羊、牛、鼠和犬等哺乳动物的氨基酸序列进行比较，与猫（AF003087，96．7％）和绵羊（96．2％）的氨基酸同源性最高。     

鹅细小病毒不同毒株VP3基因的序列分析比较

分别将GPV4个分离株通过PCR技术，从病毒基因组DNA中扩增出病毒衣壳蛋白VP3完整基因片段，并与PMD18-T质粒载体连接，转化到感受态大肠秆菌TG1中，提取重组质粒经PCR鉴定和酶切鉴定后，对插入片段进行序列测定及分析。结果表明：VP3基因全长1605bp，编码534个氨基酸。不同毒株主要结构蛋白VP3基因同源性较高(95．64％—99．81％)。但强弱毒株间也存在一定差异。     

麻鸭α干扰素基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank文献，应用Oligo6．0分析软件设计合成了用于扩增鸭Ⅰ型干扰素（α—IFN）基因的2对引物。以麻鸭肝脏提取的基因组DNA为模板，采用Nest—PCR方法扩增获得了约600bp片段，经T载体克隆和测序分析证实，是麻鸭Ⅰ型干扰素基因（SDIFN—α）。生物信息学分析表明，SDIFN—α的开放阅读框架（ORF）由576个核苷酸所组成，预测蛋白质相对分子质量为21640，编码191个氨基酸。其中前28个氨基酸可能是信号肽部分，切割位点在28号氨基酸A和29号氨基酸S之间，序列中无内含子。成熟的多肽中含8个半胱氨酸和2个糖基化位点，2个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点（protein kinase C phosphorylation site）和2个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点（casein kinase Ⅱ phosphorylation site）。SDIFN—α与鸭α—IFN基因核苷酸同源性为99．3％。有4个碱基的差异；与北京鸭α—IFN基因的核苷酸同源性为99．1％，氨基酸同源性为98．96％；与鸡α—IFN的核苷酸同源性为71．8％。与鹅、狗、牛、马和人的α—IFN基因的核苷酸同源性分别为96．0％、45．8％、45．5％、44．6％和41．7％。遗传进化分析结果表明，IFN—α的这些同源性与其动物分类地位相一致。     

Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of a cDNA encoding the cat (Felis domesticus) Ig epsilon constant region

A feline splenic cDNA library was screened with a (32)P-labelled cDNA probe encoding the canine IgE epsilon heavy chain subunit. A cDNA sequence of 1614 nucleotides encoding the complete feline IgE heavy chain, as well as a portion of a variable region, was identified. A search of the GenBank database revealed an identity of 82% at the nucleotide level and 76% at the amino acid level between the feline epsilon heavy chain sequence and the canine homologue. In a separate study, feline genomic DNA, isolated from whole feline embryo cells, was subjected to PCR amplification using primers based on known partial genomic DNA sequences for the feline C epsilon gene. Following removal of an intron from the 683 bp PCR product, the coding sequence yielded an ORF of 506 bp. The DNA sequence of this PCR clone differed by a single nucleotide from the cDNA clone. This difference is silent, and therefore the proteins encoded by the two sequences are identical over the regions cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the constant regions of nine immunoglobulin epsilon genes revealed that the feline cDNA is most similar to the canine homologue.     

山羊痘病毒疫苗株ORF64～ORF67的分子特征

为构建胸苷激酶（Thymidine kinase，TK）基因缺失活载体疫苗，对山羊痘病毒（Goatpox virus，GPV）疫苗株（AV41）ORF64-ORF67进行了克隆和序列分析。结果表明：在全长3460bp的DNA序列中，包含4个完整的开放阅读框（Open reading flame，ORF）。ORF64核苷酸序列全长396bp，编码病毒膜蛋白；ORF65核苷酸序列全长444bp，ORF64和ORF65有44个碱基重叠。ORF66核苷酸序列全长534bp，编码胸苷激酶，具有保守的ATP结合位点和细胞中TK特征序列。ORF67核苷酸序列全长594bp，编码宿主范围相关蛋白。ORF64-ORF66在脊索动物痘病毒亚科中是完全保守的。与参考的国外GPV进行序列比较，ORF64～ORF67有一些差异，如突变和插入等。同源性分析显示：与羊痘病毒属比较，核苷酸和氨基酸同源性均较高（94．7％～100％）。我国的GPV不同毒株TK同源性为100％。与脊索动物痘病毒亚科中其他成员同源性差异较大（17．3％～65．2％）。将GPV AV41TK与鸡、小鼠和人类的TK氨基酸序列进行比较，分析GPV AV41TK进化关系表明，GPVTK基因在进化上可能起源于宿主细胞的TK1基因。本研究结果显示，在分子水平上我国GPV AV41与国外毒株存在差异，推测可能是GPV AV41疫苗株在致弱过程中发生一定程度的变异。     

A universal polymerase chain reaction for the detection of psittacine beak and feather disease virus.

A universal PCR assay was designed that consistently detected psittacine beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) in psittacine birds affected with psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) from different geographic regions across Australia. Primers within open reading frame 1 (ORF1) of the BFDV genome consistently amplified a 717 bp product from blood and/or feathers of 32 birds with PBFD lesions. The PCR did not amplify a product from the feathers or blood from 7 clinically normal psittacine birds. Primers based on regions outside of ORF1 did not consistently produce a PCR product, suggesting there was some genomic variation outside ORF1. The amplified ORF1 PCR products of 10 BFDV isolates, from different psittacine species and from various regions around Australia, were cloned and comparative DNA sequence analysis demonstrated 88-99% of the ORF1 fragments. The derived amino acid sequences of the amplified ORF1 fragments demonstrated similar identity between all 10 isolates. Within ORF1, there was complete conservation of the putative nucleotide binding site and marked conservation of 2 other motifs previously identified as essential components of the replication-associated proteins of other circoviruses and geminiviruses.     

高羊茅黔草1号SAMDC基因的克隆及植物表达载体的构建

采用高保真平末端法从高羊茅黔草1号（Festuca arundinacea cv. Qiancao No. 1）叶片cDNA中扩增S 腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶基因（SAMDC）序列。基因测序分析表明,扩增片段含有1 835个核苷酸,包含有9 bp的微型上游阅读框、147 bp的小型上游阅读框和1 185 bp的主阅读框。微型上游阅读框和小型上游阅读框存在一个碱基重叠,主阅读框编码395个氨基酸。整个克隆片段与GenBank上注册的高羊茅FaSAMDC基因的核苷酸同源性为95.05%,编码氨基酸的同源性为98.22%。利用KpnI和PstI酶切位点将该片段插入到经贵州省草业研究所分子生物学实验室改造过的pCAMBIA1300植物表达载体的多克隆位点内,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测、酶切鉴定和序列测定,获得具有SAMDC基因和潮霉素抗性基因的适合于单子叶植物遗传转化的表达载体pCAM-SAMDC。通过冻融法将构建的重组质粒导入根癌农杆菌GV3101和EHA105感受态细胞中,并通过PCR反应对所获得的工程菌株进行鉴定,为进一步通过农杆菌介导法培养抗逆禾草新材料奠定了基础。     

猪伪狂犬病毒H株gE基因的克隆及序列分析

参照已发表的扩增伪狂犬病毒gI和gE部分基因的PCR方法,合成了一对引物,以PRV H株细胞毒为模板,扩增出一条约850 bp的片段,并进行克隆和测序。然后与GenBank上国内外其它毒株gE基因进行核苷酸和推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分析,构建了遗传进化关系图。结果表明,PRV H株与其他15株PRV核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为97.0%~99.2%和93.2%~98.5%,其中与SH株最近,分别为99.2%和98.5%;进化树分析表明,该毒株与目前国内流行的毒株在同一进化分支内,与国外毒株分属不同分支,说明分离的H毒株与目前国内流行的毒株一致。     

Screening of the enterocin genes and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria in Enterococcus strains obtained from different origins

Antimicrobial activities of 139 Enterococcus isolates (48 E. faecium and 91 E. faecalis) obtained from canine feces, boiler meat samples, swine feces, wild waterfowl feces, and human feces were examined against respective bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli. Bacteriocin (BAC) production assay revealed that the antimicrobial activity against at least one of 6 indicator strains (BAC+ phenotype) was found in 51 (37%) isolates (29 E. faecium and 22 E. faecalis). Twenty-four of 46 isolates positive for at least one of the enterocin structural genes (entA, entB, entL50AB, and cylL) showed a BAC+ phenotype. The existence of other enterocins or nonenterocin factors was implied because the BAC+ phenotype was detected in a total of 27 Enterococcus isolates that had none of the enterocin genes tested. The antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative strains (Salmonella Enteritidis and E. coli) was detected in the 6 Enterococcus isolates that had either the entA, entB, entL50AB or cylL genes. Moreover, the proportion of the antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes among the cylL-positive E. faecalis isolates showing beta-hemolysis (10/16) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than among those lacking beta-hemolysis (2/15). The results suggested that certain characteristics are likely to be associated with the antimicrobial activity against specific organisms.     

山羊痘病毒A6L基因的克隆及序列分析

为了分析山羊痘病毒A6蛋白的分子特征,本试验提取了山羊痘病毒古浪分离株的基因组DNA,设计引物进行PCR扩增,克隆A6L基因的DNA序列。将PCR产物连接到pGEM-T Easy载体后转化至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,筛选阳性克隆进行序列测定,利用生物信息学软件对A6L基因序列进行预测分析。结果显示,A6L基因序列含有1个由1128个核苷酸组成的开放阅读框,编码375个氨基酸残基组成的多肽,蛋白质分子质量的理论值为43.68 ku,理论等电点为7.50。该蛋白的二级结构中,α螺旋占53.30%,β折叠占10.24%,其余39.46%为无规则卷曲。多序列比对分析结果显示,不同羊痘病毒分离株A6L序列高度保守,同源性在97%以上。上述研究结果为进一步研究A6蛋白的生物学功能和羊痘病毒早期蛋白的分子相互作用奠定了基础。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of A6L Gene of Goatpox Virus

To explore the molecular characteristics of protein A6 from goatpox virus (GTPV), genomic DNA was extracted from goatpox virus Gulang isolate.The specific primers were designed and used to amplify the A6L gene from the genomic DNA by PCR.A PCR product was ligated into pGEM-T Easy vector.After transformation into E.coli DH5α, the positive clones were sequenced and the sequences were analyzed with the bioinformatics softwares.The result showed that A6L gene sequence contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1128 nucleotides and deduced protein consisted of 375 amino acids with the theoretical molecular weight of 43.68 ku and isoelectric point of 7.50.Analysis of secondary structure of protein A6 revealed that α-helix, β-strand and random coil were 53.30%, 10.24% and 39.46%, respectively.Analysis of multiple sequence alignment indicated A6L gene from different capripoxvirus isolates were highly conserved with identity of more than 97%.The present results laid the foundation for further studies of biological functions of protein A6 and interaction among the early proteins of capripoxvirus.     

6株猪圆环病毒2型流行毒株全基因组克隆及序列分析

参考GenBank发表的PCV-2全基因组序列,设计1对引物,通过反向PCR技术扩增出6株PCV-2流行株的全基因,并进行了序列测定分析。结果表明,6个分离株基因组全长为1 768 bp或1 767 bp,同源性比较发现,分离株之间的核苷酸同源性为95.5%~100%,与GenBank上已发表的PCV-2分离株之间的同源性为93.0%~100%,与法国分离株同源性最高。6株分离株的ORF2核苷酸及其所推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为92.9%~100%和92.3%~100%,存在较大的变异。