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1.
维生素D3是水产养殖动物必需的微量营养素,在维持水产动物正常生长、发育和营养代谢等方面具有重要功能。水产动物几乎不能合成维生素D3,主要通过食物获取。为了深入解析维生素D3调控水产动物糖脂代谢的机制,本文综述了近12年来最新的研究进展,包括水产动物对饲料维生素D3需求量及其影响因素、维生素D3吸收、转运和代谢机理,以及维生素D3调控糖脂代谢的机制。已有的研究主要聚焦于水产动物维生素D3营养生理、代谢和对糖脂代谢的调控,但仍有很多重要的科学问题尚未解决。重点需制定统一的 水产动物维生素D3需求量评价标准,加强维生素D3对水产动物糖脂代谢及机制的研究,从而为水产动物维生素D3营养的精准调控奠定基础。 相似文献
2.
锌是水产养殖动物必需的微量元素,维持着水产动物正常生长、发育和营养代谢等功能.为了深入解析锌调控水产动物营养物质代谢的机制,本文综述了水产动物饲料锌需求量及其影响因素、锌稳态调控系统中的关键蛋白(锌转运蛋白ZnTs和ZIPs家族、MTs和MTF-1)的结构特征和功能,锌对水产动物脂类代谢和沉积的影响以及相关机理的研究进... 相似文献
3.
维生素E(VE)是水产动物营养和饲料中最重要的维生素之一。它与水产动物机体的代谢、抗氧化功能、免疫功能、抗病力、繁殖功能密切相关。综述了维生素E在水产动物中的生理功能、缺乏症、需要量及存在问题。 相似文献
4.
B族维生素是一类具有辅酶功能的水溶性维生素 ,主要包括硫胺素 (B1)、核黄素 (B2 )、泛酸 (B3)、尼克酸和尼克酰胺(B5)、吡哆醇 (B6)、生物素 (B7)、叶酸 (B11)及钴胺素 (B12 ) ,它们在动物营养中起重要作用 ,随着水产养殖的兴起 ,对水产动物B族维生素的营养生理及需要量等的研究也发展迅速。近年来 ,人们对水产动物B族维生素营养研究的方法进行了深入探索 ,找到了一些反映维生素营养状况的生化指标 ,并结合对生长和缺乏症的观察 ,确定了一些水产动物B族维生素的需要量。总结这些研究方法 ,特别是能够快速、准确反映维生素营养… 相似文献
5.
近年来,我国特种水产养殖业发展迅速。1994年,广东省淡水池塘主养特种水产品达2.4万公顷、产量11万吨、产值60亿元,分别占全省池塘养殖面积的12%、产量的9%、产值的50%以上。特种水产动物一般为肉食性,需要喂食动物性饲料。目前,我国除虹鳟、鳗鲡、罗氏沼虾等集约化养殖完全使用配合饲料外, 相似文献
6.
(接上期)斑点叉尾鲴维生素需要量是利用幼鱼在室内最佳状况下测定的。虽然这些需要量数值被认为对更大的鱼也适用,但维生素需要量可能受大小、年龄、生长率、性成熟阶段、疾病、水温、水质等因素的影响,该领域尚需进一步研究。维生素缺乏时,除导致鱼厌食、 相似文献
7.
维生素D3(vitaminD3,VD3)又名胆钙化醇(cholecalciferol),是畜禽重要的必需维生素之一。本文就VD3促进动物体钙、磷的吸收,提高免疫机能和繁殖性能,以及改善畜禽肌内嫩度等方面做一综述。 相似文献
8.
近十年来,有关维生素C的研究主要集中在水产动物对维生素C的需求量以及其对水产动物的生理影响的产生机理等方面。本文系统地综述了近些年来国际和国内关于维生素C在水产动物饲料中的主要应用衍生物的需求量以及其重要生理功能的研究成果。 相似文献
9.
长吻鮠较易驯食人工配合饲料,但拒食或厌食不含鱼粉的精制饲料,在实验室环境中摄食用酪蛋白加进口鱼粉作蛋白源的半精制饲料生长良好。有关其营养需求已积累一定数量的研究资料,但质高价廉的长吻鮠实用配合饲料在全国范围尚未普遍使用。张泽芸等(1990,1991,1993)测定长吻鮠鱼种(60g)在25.3℃条件下每生产100g鱼每日营养需要量: 相似文献
10.
水产动物和畜禽不同,消化道内淀粉酶活性较低,不能很好地消化糖类,蛋白质是其主要的供能物质。鱼虾对蛋白质的需求较畜禽高出2~4倍,蛋白质由氨基酸组成,所以氨基酸对水产动物来说至关重要。 相似文献
11.
Biotin, a water‐soluble vitamin, is essential for normal growth, development and health of all animals. In terrestrial animal nutrition, biotin has recently spurred scientific interest because of the increasing body of knowledge on biotin involvement in gene expression, cell cycle and reproduction in mammals, and recent advances in molecular biology techniques allowing a more effective estimation of biotin effects in metabolism and physiology. In contrast, this information is scarce in aquatic animal nutrition, as studies have essentially focused on the estimation of minimum biotin requirement for maximum growth and tissue storage as well as for the formulation of least‐cost diet. This scarcity of information is also due to the lack of well‐established indicators of biotin status in aquatic organisms. The present review is a comparative analysis of current knowledge on biotin physiology and nutritional biochemistry in terrestrial and aquatic animal nutrition. Also, general information on biotin sources, bioavailability, deficiency and requirement in mammals and fish is provided in order to plan further studies. In the future, biotin nutrition studies in aquaculture should also include haematological parameters, histopathology of the gills, liver and kidney, gonad development, gamete quality and quantity, fecundity, larvae survival and gene expression. Dietary biotin requirement levels should be estimated at every life history stage of farmed fish. The potential contribution of intestinal microflora to biotin supply in different fish species should be investigated. All this information will allow a better understanding of the essentiality of biotin in fish growth, development, reproduction and health. 相似文献
12.
实验设计了6个不同维生素D3水平(0,1 000 IU·kg−1,2 000 IU·kg−1,4 000 IU·kg−1,8 000 IU·kg−1,100 000 IU·kg−1)的等氮等能饲料(组1、组2、组3、组4、组5和组6)来研究斜带石斑鱼对维生素D3的需求量。结果显示,摄食组3饲料的斜带石斑鱼增重率、特定生长率以及饲料效率显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。不同水平的维生素D3不影响石斑鱼的肥满度和肝体比,添加量大于2 000 IU·kg−1时,石斑鱼肠系膜脂肪和脏体比随着维生素D3水平的升高而降低(P<0.05)。鱼体肌肉和全鱼中蛋白含量随着维生素D3水平的升高而降低,粗脂肪含量各组之间没有显著性差异。维生素D3添加量低于2 000 IU·kg−1时,石斑鱼骨骼中钙(Ca)、磷(P)含量与维生素D3的添加量呈正相关。以增重率以及骨骼Ca、P含量为指标,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼实用饲料中维生素D3的适宜添加量为2 000 IU·kg−1。 相似文献
13.
Six isoproteic diets were designated to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid levels (from 70 to 270 g/kg) on the growth performance, feed utilization, digestive tract enzyme activity and lipid deposition of juvenile Brachymystax lenok (average initial weight 0.54 ± 0.04 g). Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks (30 fish per tank) in an indoor closed recirculating system for 9 weeks. Final body weight and weight gain were highest in fish fed 190 g/kg diet and lowest in fish fed the 70 g/kg diet. Specific growth rate of fish fed with 190 g/kg diet was significantly higher than those fed with 70 and 270 g/kg diets ( p < .05). Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed with 70 g/kg diet was significantly lower than the 110–230 g/kg treatments and was not significantly different from the 270 g/kg treatment. Fish fed with 270 g/kg diet had significantly higher hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index than those fed with 70–190 g/kg diets ( p < .05). Intraperitoneal fat ratio and the whole‐body lipid content had a trend to increase with increase in dietary lipid level. Muscle crude lipid content increased up to 190 g/kg with increase in dietary lipid level. Lipid retention decreased with increase in dietary lipid level, while no significant differences in protein intake and retention levels were observed in fish among all treatments. Lipase activity of the mixture of pyloric caeca and foregut in fish fed 190 and 230 g/kg diets was significantly higher than those fed 70 and 110 g/kg diets. Midgut and hindgut lipase activities of fish were significantly higher than those fed the 190 and 230 g/kg diets. In conclusion, based on the second‐order polynomial model of WG and FCR, this study suggested that 173.8–195.0 g/kg dietary lipid levels were appropriated for B. lenok. 相似文献
14.
随着水产养殖集约化与规模化的发展,水产品为人类提供了大量优质食物蛋白质,为国家粮食安全、解决我国“三农”问题做出了重要贡献。长期研究实践证明,营养与饲料科技贡献在水产养殖中占有更加重要的地位。饲料组成不仅影响水产动物的营养,而且会影响水产动物的免疫与抗病能力,营养状况是决定水产养殖动物抵抗疾病的能力的重要因素之一。特别是在水产集约化、规模化养殖中,水产养殖动物面临着大量的应激,如:营养、环境因子等激烈变化,易诱发疾病,甚至死亡。反之,水产养殖动物的生理与健康状况也影响饲料的利用与代谢。营养和免疫的关系显著地影响着水产养殖生产,一直是大家关注的热点。在过去的5年中,水产动物营养与免疫方面的研究取得了重大进展,对蛋白质(氨基酸)、脂肪、碳水化合、维生素、矿物元素等多种必需营养素及其免疫、抗病能力等方面做了大量的研究。本文就营养与免疫相关的研究进展做一综述,以供参考。 相似文献
15.
In vivo carbohydrate and lipid digestibility of four animal [sardine meals 67% and 58% crude protein (CP), squid meal and red crab meal] and three vegetal (soy paste, textured wheat and sorghum meal) ingredients and diets were evaluated in experimental diets for pre-adult redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus . A reference and seven experimental diets were formulated, including 14.5% of each ingredient in the reference diet. A single factor, completely randomized experimental design with five replicates per treatment was done. Experimental organisms were pre-adult redclaw of 10±0.8 g. The best carbohydrate digestibilities were recorded for some vegetal ingredients such as sorghum and textured wheat (93.6% and 83.9%) and the corresponding diets (90.9% and 90.8%). For animal ingredients, carbohydrate digestibilities were very poor (from 12.3% to 41.1%), and the inclusion of these ingredients diminished the digestibility of the corresponding experimental diets as compared with the reference diet (86.3–89.2% vs. 89.9%). The highest lipid digestibility corresponded to red crab meal (97.5%). Textured wheat and soy paste meal also had excellent lipid digestibility (96.4% and 95.1%). The same tendency was found for the corresponding diets. The lowest percentages were obtained with 58% crude protein sardine meal (32.9%) and its diet (86.2%). 相似文献
16.
Carbohydrate and lipid digestibility of three vegetal and four animal ingredients, and diets in which they were included, were evaluated for juvenile Australian redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. The ingredients were: soy paste, textured wheat, sorghum meal, sardine meals (67% and 58% crude protein), squid meal and red crab meal. A basal diet was formulated, and then seven experimental diets were created, including 150 g kg ?1 of each ingredient in the reference diet. Digestibility was measured in vivo, using chromic oxide as marker. A single‐factor, completely randomized experimental design with three replicates per treatment was performed. Mean carbohydrate digestibility of vegetal ingredients and the corresponding diets was better than carbohydrate digestibility of animal ingredients. Sorghum meal had a carbohydrate digestibility over 94%, and the diet in which it was included over 92%. Soy paste and wheat meals also presented excellent carbohydrate digestibility (around 88% for ingredients and over 90% for diets). Mean carbohydrate digestibility of animal ingredients and their corresponding diets were very poor (from 18% to 32%) and this affected the carbohydrate digestibility of diets in which they were included (87–89%). Lipid digestibility was also better for vegetal ingredients. Soy paste and wheat meal recorded values over 93% and their diets over 94%. Sorghum lipid presented slightly lower digestibility. Some of the animal ingredients, especially red crab, had an excellent lipid digestibility (92.1%). 相似文献
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