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以呼图壁种牛场苜蓿生产基地为主要观测点对紫苜蓿叶象甲幼虫、寄生性天敌消长规律以及幼虫寄生率的调查分析表明:在苜蓿生长期紫苜蓿叶象甲及苜蓿叶象啮小蜂共出现3个高峰期;春季紫苜蓿叶象甲发生初期,越冬代苜蓿叶象啮小蜂大量出现,夏秋2季随寄主数量的增加而增加;确定紫苜蓿叶象甲的优势寄生蜂为苜蓿叶象啮小蜂[Tetrastichus incertus(Ratzeburg)];寄生性天敌对苜蓿叶象甲幼虫起着重要的控制作用,寄生率在5.10%~78.95%之间,年平均为30.55%。 相似文献
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茶丽纹象甲是我国茶园重要的食叶害虫之一,目前以化学农药防治为主,亟需开发绿色生态环保的防控技术。为筛选出可防治茶丽纹象甲的生防菌株,本研究从田间采集了自然感病致死的茶丽纹象甲幼虫僵虫并分离出一株虫生真菌菌株。形态学特征和分子系统进化关系分析显示该菌株为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana,命名为Maure 1.1。在自然化蛹和羽化温度(22℃)条件下,茶丽纹象甲幼虫在接种1×105~1×108个孢子/m L的球孢白僵菌菌株Maure 1.1孢子液后,其感病死亡率随接种后观察时间的延长而增加。其中,用最大浓度孢子通过浸虫和拌土法处理11 d时,茶丽纹象甲幼虫的累计校正死亡率分别为76.67%和73.33%,LC50分别为2.00×103和1.11×103个孢子/mL,LT50分别为7.87和7.84 d。上述结果表明,球孢白僵菌Maure 1.1对茶丽纹象甲幼虫具有致病活力,可作为茶丽纹象甲生物防治的候选菌株。 相似文献
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基于CLIMEX的苜蓿籽象甲在中国的适生区分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
苜蓿籽象甲(Tychius medicaginis Bris.)在我国主要分布于新疆的北疆地区和甘肃,是新疆北疆苜蓿种子田重要害虫.本研究综合运用CLIMEX 3.0与ArcGIS 9.3对苜蓿籽象甲在我国目前以及未来气候条件下的潜在地理分布进行了研究.结果显示:目前气候条件下,苜蓿籽象甲在我国的适生区主要分布于新疆、甘肃、内蒙古等苜蓿主要种植地区.基于中国未来气候的预测结果显示,2020年,其中高度适生区范围由20.25%增加至23.88%,增加了3.63%;非适生区有所减少,由21.32%降至13.99%,减少了7.33%.可以看出,未来气候条件将更适宜首蓿籽象甲的生存.鉴于首蓿籽象甲在我国的适生性研究结果,建议进一步完善监测预警预报体系,采取相应有效的防控策略,加强对苜蓿籽象甲的防治措施,严防该虫的进一步传播扩散. 相似文献
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油菜茎象甲是油菜上的主要害虫之一。过去在宜阳县油菜田中未见过,在洛阳市各县(区)也未见报道。2006年4月上旬在本县寻村镇官庄村1块甘蓝型油菜田中发现部分油菜主茎异常,表现为主茎肿大、扭曲、虫,髓部被蛀食空,形成黄褐色弯曲隧道。经鉴定为油菜茎象甲幼虫。宜阳县发现油菜茎象甲为害@常伟良$河南省宜阳县植保植检站!河南宜阳471600 相似文献
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天牛幼虫是林木的重要害虫。本文描述了1987年12月从马来西亚进口原木中截获到的印度叶胸天牛 Hypoeschus indicusGahan 幼虫的形态特征,供鉴定天牛幼虫时参考。印度叶胸天牛在我国没有分布和记载,此次随原木传入,且数量不少,应当 相似文献
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栗雪片象Niphades castanea Chao和栗实象Curculio davidi Fairmaire幼虫形态相似,均蛀食板栗果实,是严重影响板栗产量或质量的重要害虫。为快速准确地鉴别这两种害虫,采用野外调查法和室内饲养法,对两种蛀果象甲的形态学和生态学特性进行了观察描述;同时对基于线粒体COⅠ基因片段的DNA条形码序列进行了提取扩增与分析。结果表明:栗雪片象和栗实象在成虫形态、为害特性和生活习性上差异明显;DNA条形码序列(COⅠ基因5′端684bp)可作为两种板栗蛀果象甲鉴定的分子标记,两者具有明显的碱基差异,遗传距离达18.9%~19.6%,在系统发育关系上,栗雪片象与Molytinae亚科的Niphadomimus sp.聚为一支,栗实象与Curculio属3个种聚为一支。研究结果可为两种板栗蛀果象甲幼虫的鉴别提供可靠依据,为象甲科昆虫的进一步研究提供形态、生态和分子证据。 相似文献
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Biological Control of Alfalfa Weevil in North America 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhall) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is of Eurasian origin. This destructive pest of alfalfa (lucerne) was accidentally established in North America on three separate occasions. These introductions are commonly identified in the literature as biological strains: western alfalfa weevil, Egyptian alfalfa weevil (=Hypera brunneipennis Boheman), and eastern alfalfa weevil. Alfalfa weevil has been the target of classical biological control almost since its discovery in North America more than 90 years ago. These efforts have resulted in establishment of at least nine exotic parasitoids and egg predators: Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), B. anurus (Thomson) and B. stenostigma (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae); Microctonus aethiopoides Loan and M. colesi Drea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), the latter of undetermined origin; Oomyzus incertus (Ratzenberg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Dibrachoides dynastes (Forester) and Peridesmia discus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae); and Anaphes luna (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). A fungal pathogen, Zoophthora phytonomi Arthur (Phycomycetes: Entomophthoraceae), of undetermined origin, is becoming an increasingly important alfalfa weevil mortality factor. Most major USA alfalfa production areas now benefit from a complex of alfalfa weevil biological control agents. Collectively, these agents have effected substantial reduction in the economic importance of alfalfa weevil across the northern USA However, biological agents provide only partial control of alfalfa weevil, and importance of their contribution differs considerably with production area. Still, the benefits achieved, especially from reduced need for insecticides in alfalfa production, mark this as one of the great success stories of classical biological control in North America. 相似文献
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5种杀虫剂超低容量液剂对玉米田草地贪夜蛾的防治效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
草地贪夜蛾是新入侵我国的迁飞性重大害虫,为害玉米的心叶、生长点及雄穗等,能引起严重的损伤、烂心、授粉不良等,导致玉米减产甚至绝产。本文评价了5种杀虫剂超低容量液剂通过低容量喷雾对玉米田草地贪夜蛾的防治效果。结果表明,在相同的原药成本下,6%甲维·茚虫威超低容量液剂和1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐超低容量液剂具有优异的保叶效果和杀虫效果,5%氯虫苯甲酰胺超低容量液剂在较低的用量下(有效用量1 g/667m~2)具有良好的保叶和杀虫效果,3%呋虫胺超低容量液剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫基本无效,但有一定的保叶效果。 相似文献
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Feeding stimulants (phagostimulants) increase the food uptake by the host insect larvae and thereby play a vital role in enhancing overall activity of insect viruses formulated as biopesticides. A local strain of granulovirus of Pieris brassicae (PbGV), a serious pest of cole crops worldwide, has shown potential as a biopesticide against this pest and with slight increase in its efficacy can be used successfully as a promising biocontrol agent in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of the pest. The addition of phagostimulants may enhance the efficacy but so far no specific phagostimulant for PbGV has been reported. In the present studies, some reported phagostimulants for insect viruses were tested for their impact on food utilization by host larvae and efficacy of the virus. The specified concentration of virus isolate was mixed with phagostimulants and laboratory studies were conducted to uncover their effect on consumption index (CI) and larval mortality. The studies revealed that phagostimulants, viz. boric acid and crude sugar, when mixed with PbGV, showed highest CI and larval mortality. Consumption index of 1.34, 1.49 and 1.43 mg/mg/day and corresponding larval mortality of 32.9%, 45.8% and 34.2% were recorded with the addition of 0.5% and 1% boric acid and 2% crude sugar, respectively, in PbGV. The leaf extracts of cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli at both the concentrations (1% and 2%) also enhanced the CI but were comparatively less effective than the boric acid and crude sugar. Field evaluation of PbGV alone and in combination with phagostimulants carried out at two geographically isolated locations, viz. Palampur (subtropical) and Sangla (temperate) on three cole crops (cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli) showed that boric acid was the most promising candidate for enhancing the PbGV efficacy under field conditions, followed by crude sugar. 相似文献
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检疫害虫稻水象甲的控制技术研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus。oryzophilus Kuschel)是一种毁灭性的水稻害虫,也是一种重要的检疫害虫。近年来在很多省市发生为害,且发生程度不断加重并呈扩大蔓延趋势。本文概述了近年来稻水象甲大发生危害的情况及原因,深入分析了其发生规律,提出了加强植物检疫、农业防治、化学防治、生物防治、物理防治等综合治理的措施。 相似文献
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农业害虫自动识别与监测技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着计算机和互联网技术的发展,信息技术已被广泛地应用于植物保护领域,推动农业害虫的监测走向信息化、智能化和精准化。我们综述了农业害虫自动识别与监测技术的最新研究进展,分析了各种技术的特点与优势。这些技术均需要特定的设备获取农业害虫及其生境的信息,提取昆虫信息特征,并利用这些特征进行昆虫种类的识别与计数,达到害虫监测的目的。图像识别技术适合于自动识别与监测栖息于作物表面的害虫,昆虫雷达(厘达或激光雷达)技术特别适合于自动识别与监测高空中飞行的害虫,而声音识别技术在自动识别与监测隐蔽害虫方面具有优势。最近发展起来的基于深度学习的害虫识别方法避免了传统的手工设计特征方法,提高了害虫识别的鲁棒性,展示了一旦建立完整的昆虫信息库就可以实现害虫自动识别与监测的可能;这给昆虫学家提出了一个艰巨的任务,即鉴定和正确标识机器学习所需的大量的昆虫信息。 相似文献
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棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera是世界性重要农业害虫。目前防治棉铃虫的主要手段是种植转苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)杀虫蛋白的转基因作物。本文旨在研究棉铃虫V-ATPase H在Cry1Ac蛋白毒力和抗性中的作用。利用实时荧光定量qRT-PCR技术分析V-ATPase H在Cry1Ac抗、感品系棉铃虫幼虫中肠及敏感品系棉铃虫幼虫受Cry1Ac诱导后的表达情况;在昆虫Sf9细胞中过表达V-ATPase H对其进行细胞定位,通过细胞毒力试验验证其对Cry1Ac毒力的影响。结果发现棉铃虫V-ATPase H基因在抗性品系中低表达,并且V-ATPase H在受到Cry1Ac诱导时也低表达;在Sf9细胞内表达V-ATPase H蛋白发现其在整个细胞中都有分布,过表达该蛋白后增强了细胞对Cry1Ac蛋白的敏感性。结果表明V-ATPase H参与Cry1Ac蛋白的毒力。 相似文献