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1.
    
Minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) are sensitive markers of cellular proliferation and have been shown to be significant predictors of survival in several human malignancies. MCM7 was evaluated as a prognostic marker in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). MCM7 immunohistochemistry was performed and an index of MCM7-positive cells calculated in dogs with known outcome. The Receiver Operating Characteristics method was used to individuate the best cut-off value of MCM7 score as predictor of survival. Survival analysis and prognostic variables were analysed with statistical methods. Ninety-five dogs were included with 31 dying of MCTs. A value of 0.18 was used as cut-off value of MCM7 score as a binary variable. The median survival time for MCM7 score ≤0.18 was not reached at 3668 days, whereas for MCM7 score >0.18 was 187 days (log-rank test; P < 0.0001). In the multivariable analysis, MCM7 was significantly associated with survival after controlling for age, surgical margins and histological grade (hazard ratio 9.2; P = 0.001).  相似文献   

2.
    
This study evaluated the prognosis factors of age, tumour size, anatomic location, histological grade and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in 13 dogs with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with bone invasion and without signs of lymph node or distant metastasis. All animals were treated with radical excision performed with at least 1 cm margin, based on computed tomography images. In the 2‐year follow‐up, median disease‐free survival was 138 days for dogs with grade 3 tumours and was not reached for those with grade 2 tumours. Grade 3 tumours and PCNA labelling index ≥65% were related with a shorter disease‐free survival time and consequently poor prognosis (p = 0.003 and p = 0.034, respectively). Mean PCNA labelling index was significantly higher in recurrent cases (p = 0.011). Histological grade and PCNA expression may be important prognosis factors in canine OSCC.  相似文献   

3.
    
Experimental toxicological studies in laboratory animals and epidemiological human studies have reported a possible association between water fluoridation and osteosarcoma (OSA). To further explore this possibility, a case‐control study of individual dogs evaluated by the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital was conducted using ecologic data on water fluoridation based on the owner's residence. The case group included 161 dogs with OSA diagnosed between 2008–2012. Two cancer control groups included dogs diagnosed with lymphoma (LSA) or hemangiosarcoma (HSA) during the same period (n = 134 and n = 145, respectively). Dogs with OSA were not significantly more likely to live in an area with optimized fluoride in the water than dogs with LSA or HSA. Additional analyses within OSA patients also revealed no significant differences in age, or skeletal distribution of OSA cases relative to fluoride status. Taken together, these analyses do not support the hypothesis that optimal fluoridation of drinking water contributes to naturally occurring OSA in dogs.  相似文献   

4.
    
Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival time in dogs receiving adequate local control for appendicular osteosarcoma, but most dogs ultimately succumb to metastatic disease. The fluoroquinolone antibiotic enrofloxacin has been shown to inhibit survival and proliferation of canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Others have reported that fluoroquinolones may modulate cellular responses to DNA damaging agents and that these effects may be differentially mediated by p53 activity. We therefore determined p53 status and activity in three canine osteosarcoma cell lines and examined the effects of enrofloxacin when used alone or in combination with doxorubicin or carboplatin chemotherapy. Moresco and Abrams canine osteosarcoma cell lines contained mutations in p53, while no mutations were identified in the D17 cells or in a normal canine osteoblast cell line. The addition of enrofloxacin to either doxorubicin or carboplatin resulted in further reductions in osteosarcoma cell viability; this effect was apparent regardless of p53 mutational status or downstream activity.  相似文献   

5.
    
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone in dogs and is associated with poor long‐term outcomes due to its highly metastatic nature. A better understanding of the signalling pathways and proteins involved with osteosarcoma pathogenesis may aid in improved outcomes through the use of targeted therapies. The Wnt5a protein, a ligand for the non‐canonical Wnt signalling pathway, is implicated in mediating the aggressiveness of cancer cell lines, including those of human osteosarcoma origin. Given the close relationship between human and canine osteosarcoma, the primary goal of this study was to characterize Wnt5a expression in canine osteosarcoma. Second, if Wnt5a expression was present in canine osteosarcoma, the study aimed to determine any potential association with clinical outcome and clinical variables in similarly treated osteosarcoma‐bearing dogs. Wnt5a expression was present in 26 of the 48 (54%) cases of canine osteosarcoma. Wnt5a expression was not associated with progression‐free survival (P = 0.4) or overall survival (P = 0.1).  相似文献   

6.
    
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to describe the association of cytological assessment of lymph node metastasis with survival and tumour grade in dogs with mast cell tumours. Regional lymph node aspirates of 152 dogs diagnosed with a mast cell tumour were reviewed and classified according to specific cytological criteria for staging. 97 dogs (63.8%) had stage I tumours, and 55 (36.2%) had stage II tumours. Stage II dogs had a significantly shorter survival time than dogs with stage I disease (0.8 and 6.2 years, respectively; P < 0.0001). Dogs with grade III mast cell tumours were more likely to have stage II disease (P = 0.004). These results suggest that cytological evaluation of lymph nodes in dogs with mast cell tumours provides useful and valuable clinical information, and the results correlate with tumour grade and outcome thus providing a practical and non‐invasive method for staging.  相似文献   

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8.
    
This case series presents a unique and unreported variant of feline intestinal mast cell tumour recognized at the CSU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Fifty cases of feline intestinal mast cell tumours described as having a significant stromal component were reviewed. Neoplastic cells formed a trabecular pattern admixed with moderate to abundant dense stromal collagen (sclerosis). Neoplastic cells had poorly discernible intracytoplasmic granules which demonstrated metachromasia with special histochemical stains consistent with mast cell granules. Additionally, a subset of cases stained for mast cell-specific tryptase and c-kit demonstrated positive immunoreactivity. Eosinophilic infiltrates were moderate to marked in almost all cases. Lymph node and hepatic metastases were present in 66% of the cases. Treatment and clinical outcome was available in 25/50 cases. Twenty-three of these patients died or were euthanized within 2 months of initial diagnosis. This is the first case series to characterize a sclerosing variant of intestinal mast cell tumour in the cat which appears to have a high propensity for metastasis and a guarded prognosis.  相似文献   

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10.
    
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy and represents the most frequent primary bone malignancy of dogs and humans. Prognostic factors reported for osteosarcoma include tumour size, presence of metastatic disease and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration at the time of diagnosis. To date, there have been no studies to determine whether the behaviour of osteosarcoma cells differ based on serum ALP concentration. Here, we report on the generation of six canine osteosarcoma cell lines from osteosarcoma‐bearing dogs with differences in serum ALP concentration. To determine whether in vitro behaviour differs between primary osteosarcoma cell lines generated from patients with normal or increased serum ALP, assays were performed to evaluate proliferation, migration, invasion and chemosensitivity. There were no significant differences in cell proliferation, migration, invasion or chemosensitivity between cell lines associated with normal or increased serum ALP concentration.  相似文献   

11.
    
Polyamines are essential for cell proliferation. Their production is dysregulated in many cancers and polyamine depletion leads to tumour regression in mouse models of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The purpose of this study was to determine the maximally tolerated dose of the polyamine transport inhibitor, MQT 1426, when combined with the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor, DFMO, and to determine whether this therapy results in reduction in tumour polyamine levels. Thirteen cats with oral SCC received both drugs orally and serial tumour biopsies were obtained for polyamine measurement. Cats were monitored for response to therapy and toxicity. A maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of MQT 1426 when combined with DFMO was determined. Dose-limiting toxicity was vestibular in nature, but was fully reversible. Spermidine and total polyamine levels decreased significantly in tissues, two cats experienced objective tumour regression and six cats had stable disease. These results suggest that further study of polyamine depletion therapies is warranted.  相似文献   

12.
    
The goal of cancer surgery is to achieve a “clean” microscopic resection, with no residual tumour remaining in the wound. To achieve that goal, the surgeon typically incorporates a measured buffer of grossly normal tissue about the entire circumference of the tumour. Microscopic analysis of the resection boundaries is then performed to determine if all traces of the tumour have been completely removed. This analysis is thought to provide a surrogate indication as to the likelihood for that tumour to recur after surgery. However, it is recognised that tumour recurrence may not occur even when microscopic evidence of tumour has been identified at the resection margins, and recurrence can also occur when conventional histology has considered the tumour to have been completely removed. The explanations for this dichotomy are numerous and include technical and practical limitations of the processing methodology, and also several surgeon-related and tumour-related reasons. Ultimately, the inability to confidently determine when a tumour has been removed sufficiently to prevent recurrence can impact on the ability to provide owners with confident treatment advice. In this article, the authors describe the challenges with defining the true extent of the tumour margin from the perspective of the surgeon, the pathologist and the tumour. The authors also provide an analysis of why our current efforts to ensure that all traces of the local tumour have been successfully removed may provide an imperfect assessment of the risk of recurrence.  相似文献   

13.
    
The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate agreement and reliability of calliper‐based measurements of locally invasive subcutaneous malignant tumours in dogs. Four raters measured the longest diameter of 12 subcutaneous tumours (7 soft tissue sarcomas and 5 mast cell tumours) from 11 client‐owned dogs during 3 randomized, blinded measurement trials, both pre‐ and post‐sedation. Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability was evaluated using intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and agreement was evaluated using Bland‐Altman plots. Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability was good (ICC range of 0.8694‐0.89520) and excellent (ICC range of 0.9720‐0.9966), respectively. For agreement calculations, an a priori clinically relevant limit of agreement of 10 mm was set. Inter‐ and intra‐rater agreement was unacceptable with inter‐rater limits of agreement ranging from 15.9 to 55.6 mm and intra‐rater limit of agreement ranging from 11.9 to 28.1 mm. Review of the measurement trial photographs revealed that calliper orientation changes were frequent, occurring in 9/12 (75%) and 8/12 (67%) pre‐ and post‐sedation cases. No significant correlation was found between inter‐rater measurement standard deviations and calliper orientation changes or dog body condition score. These findings suggest veterinarians may have poor agreement in determining the gross edge of tumours, which is expected to introduce bias and inconsistency in tumour staging, assessing response to therapy, and surgical margin planning. Due to the potential consequences for veterinary cancer patients, future studies are needed to validate the present findings.  相似文献   

14.
    
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the most common neoplasm in the stomach of dogs. Although incidence in the general population is reported to be low, breed‐specific GC has a high incidence. Median age at presentation ranges from 8 to approximately 10 years. The disease is mostly located in the lesser curvature and antropyloric region of the stomach. Unfortunately, diagnosis is usually made when the disease is at an advanced stage and, therefore, prognosis is poor. Due to similarities in clinical presentation, diagnosis, histology and prognosis, canine GC may serve as a valuable model for human GC. Extensive pedigrees of canine gastric carcinoma cases could reveal insights for human gastric carcinoma. Putative species differences include the role of Helicobacter in pathogenesis, the wide array of genetic data and screening available for humans, and treatment protocols that are available for human GC.  相似文献   

15.
    
Metastatic dissemination of carcinomas to lymph nodes impacts prognosis and treatment recommendations in human and veterinary medicine. Routine histopathologic evaluation of regional lymph nodes involves haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to identify intra‐nodal neoplastic cells; however, identification of small volume metastases (micrometastases and individual tumour cells) may be missed without the aid of immunohistochemistry or additional step‐sections. The aim of this study was to identify occult carcinoma metastases in previously diagnosed non‐metastatic lymph nodes using step‐sections and pancytokeratin (panCK) immunohistochemistry. Samples from 20 regional lymph nodes diagnosed as non‐metastatic were serially sectioned and evaluated with panCK. Of these, 25% (n = 5) contained micrometastases (n = 1) or isolated tumour cells (n = 4). This study demonstrates the increased efficacy of serial step‐sections combined with panCK immunohistochemistry to identify small volume metastases in regional lymph nodes. The prognostic significance of micrometastases and isolated tumour cells in regional lymph nodes warrants further investigation in veterinary medicine.  相似文献   

16.
    
This case series describes a rare entity, nasal angiofibroma, in 13 dogs that were presented to the University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine from 1988 to 2000. All dogs in this case series presented with clinical signs and radiographic changes that were strongly suggestive of a locally invasive neoplasm. However, histopathology completed on transnostral core biopsy samples revealed benign appearing vascular proliferation with secondary lymphosuppurative inflammation was established despite cytologic criteria of malignancy present in five dogs. On the basis of the outcomes in this case series, nasal angiofibroma should be considered a differential for dogs presenting with clinical signs consistent with a malignant nasal tumour.  相似文献   

17.
    
Sixty‐four dogs were treated with single‐agent doxorubicin (DOX) for presumptive cardiac hemangiosarcoma (cHSA). The objective response rate (CR + PR) was 41%, and the biologic response rate (CR + PR + SD), or clinical benefit, was 68%. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) for treated dogs was 66 days. The median survival time (MST) for this group was 116 days and was significantly improved compared to a MST of 12 days for untreated control dogs (P = 0.0001). Biologic response was significantly associated with improved PFS (P < 0.0001) and OS (P < 0.0001). Univariate analysis identified larger tumour size as a variable negatively associated with PFS. The high rate of clinical benefit and improved MST suggest that DOX has activity in canine cHSA.  相似文献   

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19.
    
Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AML‐M7) is a rare myeloproliferative disorder in domestic animals. Recently, thanks to the greater availability of immunophenotype techniques, precise diagnosis is more easily made. The morphological evaluation has its limitations, especially in the study of poorly differentiated cells. Few reports have described AML‐M7 in dogs using flow cytometry. This clinical case points out the utility of flow cytometry in the characterization of AML‐M7 in a 3‐year‐old German Shepherd dog. Flow cytometry investigation has established megakaryocytic lineage involvement by showing the presence of two megakaryocyte/platelet associated antigens (CD9 and CD61). In human medicine CD9 may be used as a platelet and megakaryocyte marker. There is an evidence of cross‐reactivity of human anti‐CD9 monoclonal antibody with canine samples. To our knowledge, the use of CD9 has never been described before, for this purpose in the dog.  相似文献   

20.
    
The goal of the current study was to determine the efficacy of oral docetaxel in combination with cyclosporine in the treatment of canine epithelial cancer. Requirements for eligibility were histological confirmation of epithelial neoplasia, measurable disease, no chemotherapy treatment within 2 weeks, and a life expectancy of ≥3 months. Fifty‐one dogs were enrolled. All dogs received 1.625 mg kg?1 of docetaxel with 5 mg kg?1 of cyclosporine (DT/CSA) by gavage. Ten dogs had progressive disease at 2 weeks, one dog died, and one dog was withdrawn from the study. Thirty‐nine dogs were given a second dose of DT/CSA, three each receiving a third or fourth dose. Eight dogs had a dose reduction (1.5 mg kg?1) and six dogs had treatment delays primarily for gastrointestinal toxicity. The overall response rate was 16.7% (8/48 had a partial response there were no complete responses). The highest response rate was seen in dogs with oral squamous cell carcinoma (50%; 6/12).  相似文献   

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