提高高压直流锅炉热效率的研究

锅炉尾部排烟温度高，对流管束翅片积灰和过量空气系数偏大是导致高压直流锅炉热效率低的主要原因，指出合理利用烟气余热，采用超声波等方法清除积灰，改进燃烧器的调节机构和性能，可支较好地解决高压直流锅炉热效率低的问题。     

Advances in the physics of high-temperature superconductivity

The high-temperature copper oxide superconductors are of fundamental and enduring interest. They not only manifest superconducting transition temperatures inconceivable 15 years ago, but also exhibit many other properties apparently incompatible with conventional metal physics. The materials expand our notions of what is possible, and compel us to develop new experimental techniques and theoretical concepts. This article provides a perspective on recent developments and their implications for our understanding of interacting electrons in metals.     

High-pressure dissociation of carbonic and boric acids in seawater

The apparent dissociation constants of carbonic and boric acids were determined for pressures up to 654 atmospheres in seawater of 34.8 per mille salinity at 22 degrees C. Our values for the ratios of the apparent dissociation constants at 654 atmospheres to the constants at 1 atmosphere are 1.84 1.48, and 1.94 for K'(1), K'(2), and K'(B), respectively. At this pressure the commonly accepted values of Buch and Gripenberg for these ratios are 2.03 and 1.30 for K'(1) and K'(2), respectively.     

Quaternary paleotemperatures and the duration of the high-temperature intervals

Oxygen isotopic analysis of Caribbean cores P6304-4 and P6304-7, and the close correlation of these cores with other Caribbean and Atlantic cores previously analyzed, make possible the reconstruction of a paleotemperature curve of considerable detail. This curve demonstrates again the unusualness of the present interval of high temperature within the framework of Quaternary climatic evolution, and the need for a close study of man's impact on climate.     

Spins in the vortices of a high-temperature superconductor

Neutron scattering is used to characterize the magnetism of the vortices for the optimally doped high-temperature superconductor La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 (x = 0.163) in an applied magnetic field. As temperature is reduced, low-frequency spin fluctuations first disappear with the loss of vortex mobility, but then reappear. We find that the vortex state can be regarded as an inhomogeneous mixture of a superconducting spin fluid and a material containing a nearly ordered antiferromagnet. These experiments show that as for many other properties of cuprate superconductors, the important underlying microscopic forces are magnetic.     

高温胁迫对水稻花粉活力的影响

以水稻保持系钱江1号B和金23B为材料,在扬花期用28℃、38℃和41℃温度处理,研究了高温对花粉活力的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫导致花粉育性下降的同时也使花药开裂性变差;高温胁迫明显降低了钱江1号B和金23B的花粉可染率和花药活性;38℃高温胁迫中,钱江1号B的正常花药活性可维持在5 d左右,耐高温性优于金23B;41℃高温胁迫中,钱江1号B耐高温性与金23B相近。     

Somatic cell mating and segregation in chimeric frogs

Both pentaploid and haploid cells were observed in a short-term culture of bone marrow of a diploid-triploid frog chimera. Apparently, diploid and triploid marrow cells fused to form "hybrid" pentaploid cells, which subsequently gave rise by somatic reduction to haploid daughter cells. The hybrid marrow cells and their haploid segregants are presumably at a selective disadvantage, as neither type of cell has been detected in the circulating blood of chimeric frogs.     

水稻AFLP标记的多态性、分布及分离的研究

采用５个ＰｓｔⅠ／ＭｓｅⅠ引物组合对来自２个籼稻品种Ｈ３５９和Ａｃｃ８５５８的重组自交系（ＲＩ,Ｆ７代,１３１个系）群体进行了扩增片断长度多态性（ＡＦＬＰ）分析,并对ＡＦＬＰ的多态性程度、ＡＦＬＰ标记的染色体分布及分离比例进行了研究．在ＡＦＬＰ分析中,共检测到９８个多态性带,其中７８个定位到连锁图中,并分布在所有的１２条染色体上,表明ＡＦＬＰ是一种高效的分子标记,可与ＲＦＬＰ标记结合应用于遗传图谱的构建和基因定位．     

Interlayer tunneling and gap anisotropy in high-temperature superconductors

A quantitative analysis of a recent model of high-temperature superconductors based on an interlayer tunneling mechanism is presented. This model can account well for the observed magnitudes of the high transition temperatures in these materials and implies a gap that does not change sign, can be substantially anisotropic, and has the same symmetry as the crystal. The experimental consequences explored so far are consistent with the observations.     

Solar rotation effects on the thermospheres of Mars and Earth

The responses of Earth's and Mars' thermospheres to the quasi-periodic (27-day) variation of solar flux due to solar rotation were measured contemporaneously, revealing that this response is twice as large for Earth as for Mars. Per typical 20-unit change in 10.7-centimeter radio flux (used as a proxy for extreme ultraviolet flux) reaching each planet, we found temperature changes of 42.0 +/- 8.0 kelvin and 19.2 +/- 3.6 kelvin for Earth and Mars, respectively. Existing data for Venus indicate values of 3.6 +/- 0.6 kelvin. Our observational result constrains comparative planetary thermosphere simulations and may help resolve existing uncertainties in thermal balance processes, particularly CO2 cooling.