Plasma Composition in Jupiter's Magnetosphere: Initial Results from the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer

The ion composition in the Jovian environment was investigated with the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer on board Ulysses. A hot tenuous plasma was observed throughout the outer and middle magnetosphere. In some regions two thermally different components were identified. Oxygen and sulfur ions with several different charge states, from the volcanic satellite lo, make the largest contribution to the mass density of the hot plasma, even at high latitude. Solar wind particles were observed in all regions investigated. Ions from Jupiter's ionosphere were abundant in the middle magnetosphere, particularly in the highlatitude region on the dusk side, which was traversed for the first time.     

Apollo 15 Geochemical X-ray Fluorescence Experiment: Preliminary Report

Although only part of the information from the x-ray fluorescence geochemical experiment has been analyzed, it is clear that the experiment was highly successful. Significant compositional differences among and possibly within the maria and highlands have been detected. When viewed in the light of analyzed lunar rocks and soil samples, and the data from other lunar orbital experiments (in particular, the Apollo 15 gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment), the results indicate the existence of a differential lunar highland crust, probably feldspathic. This crust appears to be related to the plagioclase-rich materials previously found in the samples from Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, and Luna 16.     

Apollo 16 Geochemical X-ray Fluorescence Experiment: Preliminary Report

The lunar surface was mapped with respect to magnesium, aluminum, and silicon as aluminum/ silicon and magnesium/ silicon intensity ratios along the projected ground tracks swept out by the orbiting Apollo 16 spacecraft. The results confirm the observations made during the Apollo 15 flight and provide new data for a number of features not covered before. The data are consistent with the idea that the moon has a widespread differentiated crust (the highlands). The aluminum/ silicon and magnesium/ silicon concentration ratios correspond to those for anorthositic gabbros through gabbroic anorthosites or feldspathic basalts. The x-ray results suggest the occurrence of this premare crust or material similar to it at the Descartes landing site.     

Chemistry of rocks and soils at Meridiani Planum from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer

The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer on the Opportunity rover determined major and minor elements of soils and rocks in Meridiani Planum. Chemical compositions differentiate between basaltic rocks, evaporite-rich rocks, basaltic soils, and hematite-rich soils. Although soils are compositionally similar to those at previous landing sites, differences in iron and some minor element concentrations signify the addition of local components. Rocky outcrops are rich in sulfur and variably enriched in bromine relative to chlorine. The interaction with water in the past is indicated by the chemical features in rocks and soils at this site.     

Astronomy and solar physics: solar irradiance observations

The absolute radiometer on Spacelab 1 was used to obtain solar irradiance observations from space. A number of effects must be taken into account in the data reduction. A provisional value was obtained for the mean solar constant during the observation period (6 to 8 December 1983).     

中美大学物理实验教学模式的比较研究

大学物理实验是理工科专业学生进行工程实践和科学研究的重要基础,是提高学生科学素质的核心课程之一,对学生掌握科学思想方法、培养创新和探索精神、锻炼建模能力等方面都有重要的作用.当前,大学物理实验课程体系、教学内容与现代的新观念及交叉学科的发展不甚适应,改革大学物理实验教学成为重要课题.本文就中、美大学物理实验教学在教学观念、方法、模式、课程设置、实验教材、教学内容、教学手段、教学评价方面进行了深入比较研究,以期为我国的大学物理实验教学改革提供有益借鉴.     

Astronomy and solar physics: very-wide-field ultraviolet sky survey

Very-wide-field photographs of the sky were taken on Spacelab 1 at 1650, 1930, and 2530 angstroms with a limiting magnitude of 9.3 at 1930 angstroms. A 1.2 by 2.4 kiloparsec ultraviolet extension of the Shapley wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud is seen in some of the photographs.     

基于MATLAB的仿真模拟在大学物理教学及实验中的应用

仿真模拟是以真实条件参数下的虚拟模型代替真实系统进行实验和研究。本文从实例出发阐述了基于MATLAB软件的仿真模拟在大学物理教学及实验中的应用,体现了仿真模拟在大学物理教学、实验中对高校教师教学简单化和学生理解深刻化的重要作用。     

农业院校大学物理实验教学评考结合机制的实践

大学物理实验是本科生必修的公共基础课,旨在培养学生的创新意识和创新能力。为调动学生实验能动性,物理实验在教学环节上设置了"六性"、"四结合"和"点评"的评价措施,以此来评价学生实验环节;实验期末考试方式以仿真实验上机考试,实现了实验课程考试无纸化。这种评价和考试结合的实践真实地反映了师生在实验上投入的精力,实验教学效果显著。     

Astronomy in britain: fogged up by cloudy skies and schisms

Through an oversight, the credit line for the photograph of Margaret Burbidge (30 November, page 901) was omitted. Credit should go to Terence Spencer, (c) 1973, Smithsonian Magazine.     

蛇形双流道平板式太阳能空气集热器的设计与试验

平板式太阳能空气集热器是太阳能利用的一种重要方式。通过对传统平板式太阳能空气集热器的流道进行改进,从而设计出一种新型平板式太阳能空气集热器,其流道形式为蛇形上、下双流道式。针对大庆市的地理位置与气候条件,制作出两个模型,对其进行性能测试。通过Fluent软件进行模拟,将模拟所得结果与实验结果进行对比,对比结果基本吻合。结果表明,蛇形双流道平板式太阳能空气集热器的集热效率比传统集热器集热效率高21.74%。