整合、转型、提升:院校合并成功的三个关键环节

院校合并要真正实现"1 1>2"的协同效应,必须经过有效整合、循序转型、稳步提升。有效整合是院校合并能否成功融合的关键;循序转型是院校合并能否成功升格的关键;稳步提升是院校合并能否可持续发展的关键。     

Participatory research and the race to save the planet: Questions,critique, and lessons from the field

Participation has been widely touted as “the answer” to a number of problems facing sustainable development programs. It is not enough, however, to involve rural people as workers and informants in research and planning endeavors defined by outsiders. A truly collaborative approach will depend upon our ability to broaden our definitions of research and participation, to accommodate a wide spectrum of land users and local knowledge, and to expand our repertoire of research methods. This paper presents a critique of facile approaches to participation, outlines a more inclusive framework for who participates on what terms, and reviews a variety of methods that address the complex realities of rural livelihoods and landscapes. The final section of the paper suggests a multi-institutional model that combines the complementary strengths of several types of organizations in participatory field research and planning.     

项目制资源下乡:利益主体、风险与规避

党的十九大提出了乡村振兴战略决策后,大量公共资源向农村地区输入。项目制资源下乡受到地方政府的青睐,其具有一定的特惠性与竞争性,通过分析项目制资源下乡过程中政府、企业、村庄、村民、村干部等利益主体之间的关系,发现在资源分配中存在着决策信息失真风险、资源流失风险、项目失败风险和农村基层治理生态失衡风险。从健全信息收集反馈机制、建立监督管理制度、引入参与式发展项目管理和重塑农村基层治理秩序等方面提出了规避风险的思考,以期实现公共资源有效下放。     

全球抗疫中的中国贡献：信心、精神与启示

随着全球抗疫不断取得阶段性成就和阶段性胜利,中国在全球抗疫中的贡献举世瞩目,不仅以自身在疫情期间的经济发展、社会稳定和科技进步为全球抗疫提振了信心,也以自身在疫情期间彰显出的同舟共济的国际精神、以人为本的人文精神、实事求是的科学精神、公平正义的法治精神向全球展示了中国力量。     

杀虫剂对潜蝇姬小蜂幼虫、蛹和卵的毒性

分别采用浸叶法与喷雾法测定了7类10种杀虫剂对潜蝇姬小蜂幼虫、蛹和卵的毒性。结果表明：①爱福丁对幼虫的触杀毒性最高，24h后的死亡率达91．9％；天王星、7051杀虫素、康复多和巴丹次之，分别为45．2％、43．1％、41.2％、35.7％；灭蝇胺、卡死克、印楝、害极灭对幼虫的毒性较低。死亡率分别为14．6％、7．2％、5．7％、5．4％；②潜蝇姬小蜂的卵与蛹对所测杀虫剂相对不敏感．处理让差异不显著。     

How to grow a mind: statistics, structure, and abstraction

In coming to understand the world-in learning concepts, acquiring language, and grasping causal relations-our minds make inferences that appear to go far beyond the data available. How do we do it? This review describes recent approaches to reverse-engineering human learning and cognitive development and, in parallel, engineering more humanlike machine learning systems. Computational models that perform probabilistic inference over hierarchies of flexibly structured representations can address some of the deepest questions about the nature and origins of human thought: How does abstract knowledge guide learning and reasoning from sparse data? What forms does our knowledge take, across different domains and tasks? And how is that abstract knowledge itself acquired?     

中国式现代化视域下的大食物观:理念、指向与实践

大食物观是新时代保障国家粮食安全的科学发展理念。树立和践行大食物观是适应我国农业发展形势、提升粮食供给质量的战略安排。在中国式现代化道路上生成的大食物观是传统粮食观念的延伸与拓展,是人民对美好生活向往的具体体现和推进农业现代化的重要内容。大食物观与中国式现代化的基本要义具有内在一致性,旨在保障人口大国的粮食安全,推动乡村产业振兴,促进物质富足和精神富有相统一,加强生态文明建设,展现中国智慧和中国方案。新征程上践行大食物观,要深化农业供给侧结构性改革以激活内生动力,强化科技领域创新以夯实粮食安全根基,落实生态环境保护举措以完善农业生产保障。     

The state,hog hotels,and the "right to farm": A curious relationship

A grassroots protest against a large-scale confinement swine facility in Jackson Country, Michigan resulted in an out-of-court settlement that redressed the concerns of local residents. At the same time, the protest was instrumental in modifying state-level legislation to secure greater legal protection for intensive animal agriculture. The paper traces this ironic turn of events. Original efforts to regulate industrial agriculture were publicly reinterpreted by agribusiness as an assault on the "right to farm" of all farmers, regardless of scale and organizational management. Responding to this perception and informed by agricultural science, the state instituted voluntary "right to farm" guidelines. These guidelines based on state-of-the-art techniques and technologies now shield conforming operations from local complaints and "nuisance suits." By contrast, the rights of smaller farmers and rural residents are selectively disadvantaged.     

PALEONTOLOGY: Fossils Made to Order, Any Size

To figure out the posture and gait of large dinosaurs, researchers must examine the way their limbs articulate. But that's tough to do when a single meter-long shoulderblade can weigh as much as a bag of cement. Now, thanks to industrial scanning and rapid prototyping, researchers can create replicas that can fit in a briefcase.     

Science and technology in the white house, 1977 to 1980: part 2

This is the second half of a two-part article on Administration science and technology policy during the period 1977 to 1980. The first part discussed the role of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) in the context of the overall federal policy-making framework and institutional structure and described specific activities aimed at strengthening U.S. science and technology, fostering industrial innovation, enhancing relationships among government, universities, and industry, and improving the regulatory process. This part focuses on OSTP activities related to national security and foreign policy, space, energy and the environment, health, and agriculture, and discusses OSTP advisory mechanisms and planning efforts.     

Science and technology in the white house, 1977 to 1980: part 1

This is the first half of a two-part article on science and technology policy in the Carter White House. Written from the perspective of the President's Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the article describes specific activities and accomplishments in the context of the overall policy framework and institutional structure within which the office operates. This part of the article addresses policy issues related to strengthening the U.S. science and technology enterprise, fostering industrial innovation, enhancing relationships among government, industry, and universities, and improving the regulatory process. Part 2 will focus on OSTP activities related to national security and foreign policy, space, energy and the environment, health, and agriculture, and will discuss OSTP advisory mechanisms and planning efforts.     

Taking food and agriculture studies to the streets: community engagement, working across disciplines, and community change

One of the most attractive aspects of food and agricultural studies for scholars is the level of public interest in the subjects of our research. Such interest means that food and agriculture scholars often become public scholars, asked to comment on issues of great interest to the public. In addition, food and agriculture scholars often have the opportunity to partner more directly with community organizations to perform community-based research. Such studies take many forms, but community members often take a lead role, helping plan the study as well as participate in data collection and analysis. Community based research may be very rewarding, but scholars involved in such research need to deal with a lack of control that inevitably goes along with it. This article gives examples of such research and discusses the public role of food and agriculture studies in general, in particular highlighting what can be learned from public responses to a 2009 shortage of Eggo waffles.