Nanotribology and Nanofabrication of MoO3 Structures by Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize the sliding of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) nanocrystals on single-crystal molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) surfaces. Highly anisotropic friction was observed whereby MoO3 nanocrystals moved only along specific directions of the MoS2 surface lattice. The energy per unit area to move the MoO3 nanocrystals along their preferred sliding direction was an order of magnitude less than required to slide macroscopic MoS2-bearing contacts. This extreme friction anisotropy was exploited to fabricate multicomponent MoO3 nanostructures. These reversibly interlocking structures could serve as the basis for devices such as mechanical logic gates.     

Machining oxide thin films with an atomic force microscope: pattern and object formation on the nanometer scale

An atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used to machine complex patterns and to form free structural objects in thin layers of MoO(3) grown on the surface of MoS(2). The AFM tip can pattern lines with 相似文献   

Ag修饰Bi2MoO6纳米材料的合成表征及光催化性能研究

以Sn（Ⅱ）为介质,采用原位还原法将Ag纳米粒子负载在Bi2MoO6微球上,通过改变Ag（NH3）2OH原料溶液的体积调控Ag的负载量．结果表明：Ag纳米粒子均匀的分散在Bi2MoO6纳米片表面,未发生明显团聚．该方法制备的Bi2MoO6/Ag纳米异质结催化剂在可见光下具有优异的可见光光催化活性,其原因主要是Ag纳米粒子作为良好的电子受体,可大大降低Bi2MoO6的光生电子空穴的复合概率．     

Structure of the Reduced TiO2(110) Surface Determined by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

The scanning tunneling microscope has been used to image a reduced TiO(2)(110) surface in ultrahigh vacuum. Structural units with periodicities rangng from 21 to 3.4 angstroms have been clearly imaged, demonstrating that atomic resolution imaging of an ionic, wide band gap (3.2 electron volts) semiconductor is possible. The observed surface structures can be explained by a model involving ordered arrangements of two-dimensional defects known as crystallographic shear planes and indicate that the topography of nonstoichiometric oxide surfaces can be complex.     

Nanophase transition metal oxides show large thermodynamically driven shifts in oxidation-reduction equilibria

Knowing the thermodynamic stability of transition metal oxide nanoparticles is important for understanding and controlling their role in a variety of industrial and environmental systems. Using calorimetric data on surface energies for cobalt, iron, manganese, and nickel oxide systems, we show that surface energy strongly influences their redox equilibria and phase stability. Spinels (M(3)O(4)) commonly have lower surface energies than metals (M), rocksalt oxides (MO), and trivalent oxides (M(2)O(3)) of the same metal; thus, the contraction of the stability field of the divalent oxide and expansion of the spinel field appear to be general phenomena. Using tabulated thermodynamic data for bulk phases to calculate redox phase equilibria at the nanoscale can lead to errors of several orders of magnitude in oxygen fugacity and of 100 to 200 kelvin in temperature.     

2种席夫碱钼(VI)配合物与大肠杆菌作用的微量热研究

用LKB!2277生物活性检测系统测定了新合成的席夫碱钼(VI)配合物MoO(2PT)2和MoO(2NPT)2在37℃时对大肠杆菌作用的产热曲线;根据产热曲线求算了在席夫碱钼(VI)配合物作用下,大肠杆菌生长代谢的速率常数k,抑制率I,传代时间G和半抑制浓度IC50等热力学参数。结果表明,席夫碱钼(VI)配合物对大肠杆菌有抑制作用。     

Structure of the ultrathin aluminum oxide film on NiAl(110)

The well-ordered aluminum oxide film formed by oxidation of the NiAl(110) surface is the most intensely studied metal surface oxide, but its structure was previously unknown. We determined the structure by extensive ab initio modeling and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. Because the topmost aluminum atoms are pyramidally and tetrahedrally coordinated, the surface is different from all Al2O3 bulk phases. The film is a wide-gap insulator, although the overall stoichiometry of the film is not Al2O3 but Al10O13. We propose that the same building blocks can be found on the surfaces of bulk oxides, such as the reduced corundum (0001) surface.     

Atomic-scale structure and catalytic reactivity of the RuO(2)(110) surface

The structure of RuO(2)(110) and the mechanism for catalytic carbon monoxide oxidation on this surface were studied by low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density-functional calculations. The RuO(2)(110) surface exposes bridging oxygen atoms and ruthenium atoms not capped by oxygen. The latter act as coordinatively unsaturated sites-a hypothesis introduced long ago to account for the catalytic activity of oxide surfaces-onto which carbon monoxide can chemisorb and from where it can react with neighboring lattice-oxygen to carbon dioxide. Under steady-state conditions, the consumed lattice-oxygen is continuously restored by oxygen uptake from the gas phase. The results provide atomic-scale verification of a general mechanism originally proposed by Mars and van Krevelen in 1954 and are likely to be of general relevance for the mechanism of catalytic reactions at oxide surfaces.     

铁氧化物-硅酸盐复合物的形成、性质及其对砷的固定

铁氧化物与硅酸盐矿物是土壤中最重要、最活跃的固相组分,它们之间的交互作用直接影响土壤物理化学特性,可有效地调控土壤(类)重金属的迁移、转化。本文以铁氧化物和硅酸盐矿物胶结过程中的一些表观特征变化为出发点,从宏观、表观到微观综述了二者交互作用的界面特性和机理、交互作用前后对土壤砷的固定与释放机制等内容。本文阐明层状硅酸盐与铁氧化物通过多种化学作用而发生表面复合,其中静电作用是作用力之一,带负电荷的硅酸盐与带正电荷的铁氧化物在静电引力的作用下迅速结合,在胶体表面双电层上形成二元团聚体;形成的二元团聚体可改变土壤矿物的表面积和孔性结构、表面电化学特性和物理性质。同时,铁氧化物-硅酸盐复合物表面的活性基团可以通过内层络合共氧的方式将土壤中AsO_4~(2-)络合,形成单核或双核表面络合物而固定砷。复合物对AsO_4~(2-)的吸附能力介于铁氧化物和硅酸盐矿物之间,并更接近铁氧化物的表面吸附特性。本文旨在为土壤砷的原位固定提供理论支撑。     

NO对氮胁迫棉花幼苗根系形态的调控效应

以‘农大棉8号’为试验材料,在水培缺氮的情况下,利用一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)的供体硝普钠(Sodi-um nitroprusside,SNP)处理棉花幼苗,研究了外源NO对氮素胁迫条件下棉花幼苗根系形态的调控效应。结果表明:外源NO能够增加氮素胁迫下棉花根长、根表面积、根体积、主根直径和根干重。低浓度的NO(SNP浓度50～100μmol/L)能显著提高根表面积9.39%、根体积10.78%、主根直径8.63%、根系干重39.2%;高浓度NO对氮素胁迫缓解效应较弱。因此,在本试验条件下,低浓度的NO(SNP浓度50～100μmol/L)表现对氮素胁迫下棉花根系生长具有良好促进效应,可能利于增强棉花的抗逆性。     

Regenerative adsorption and removal of H2S from hot fuel gas streams by rare earth oxides

Sorbent materials that allow for high-temperature, regenerative desulfurization of fuel gas streams for the anode of a solid oxide fuel cell have been developed. Reversible adsorption of H2S on cerium and lanthanum oxide surfaces is demonstrated over many cycles at temperatures as high as 800 degrees C, on both fresh or presulfided sorbents, and at very high space velocities. The adsorption and desorption processes are very fast, and removal of H2S to sub-parts per million levels is achieved at very short (millisecond) contact times. Any type of sulfur-free gas, including water vapor, can be used to regenerate the sorbent surface. Preferably, the anode off-gas stream is used to sweep the desorbed H(2)S to a burner.     

Transfer of biologically derived nanometer-scale patterns to smooth substrates

Atomic force microscopy has been used to measure the surface profile of a periodic array of 10-nanometer (nm)-diameter holes fabricated by fast-atom beam milling of a smooth graphite surface in which a 3.5-nm-thick titanium oxide screen was used as a mask. The nanostructured titanium oxide mask was itself derived from a protein crystal template. Pattern transfer from the biological crystal to the metal oxide film and finally to the graphite substrate was accomplished entirely by parallel processing.     

Single-Crystal Epitaxial Thin Films of the Isotropic Metallic Oxides Sr1-xCaxRuO3 (0 le x le 1)

Single-crystal epitaxial thin films of the isotropic metallic oxides Sr1-xCaxRuO(3) (0 相似文献   

Epitaxial cubic gadolinium oxide as a dielectric for gallium arsenide passivation

Epitaxial growth of single-crystal gadolinium oxide dielectric thin films on gallium arsenide is reported. The gadolinium oxide film has a cubic structure isomorphic to manganese oxide and is (110)-oriented in single domain on the (100) gallium arsenide surface. The gadolinium oxide film has a dielectric constant of approximately 10, with low leakage current densities of about 10(-9) to 10(-10) amperes per square centimeter at zero bias. Typical breakdown field is 4 megavolts per centimeter for an oxide film 185 angstroms thick and 10 megavolts per centimeter for an oxide 45 angstroms thick. Both accumulation and inversion layers were observed in the gadolinium oxide-gallium arsenide metal oxide semiconductor diodes, using capacitance-voltage measurements. The ability to grow thin single-crystal oxide films on gallium arsenide with a low interfacial density of states has great potential impact on the electronic industry of compound semiconductors.     

X-ray diffraction study of the ultrathin Al2O3 layer on NiAl110

Ultrathin Al2O3 layers on alloys are used as templates for model catalysts, tunneling barriers in electronic devices, or corrosion-resistant layers. The complex atomic structure of well-ordered alumina overlayers on NiAl110 was solved by surface x-ray diffraction. The oxide layer is composed of a double layer of strongly distorted hexagonal oxygen ions that hosts aluminum ions on both octahedral and tetrahedral sites with equal probability. The alumina overlayer exhibits a domain structure that can be related to characteristic growth defects and is generated during the growth of a hexagonally ordered overlayer (Al2O3) on a body-centered cubic (110) substrate (NiAl).     

Atomic Control of the SrTiO3 Crystal Surface

The atomically smooth SrTiO(3) (100) with steps one unit cell in height was obtained by treating the crystal surface with a pH-controlled NH(4)F-HF solution. The homoepitaxy of SrTiO(3) film on the crystal surface proceeds in a perfect layer-by-layer mode as verified by reflection high-energy electron diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Ion scattering spectroscopy revealed that the TiO(2) atomic plane terminated the as-treated clean surface and that the terminating atomic layer could be tuned to the SrO atomic plane by homooepitaxial growth. This technology provides a well-defined substrate surface for atomically regulated epitaxial growth of such perovskite oxide films as YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta).     

Size-driven structural and thermodynamic complexity in iron oxides

Iron oxides occur ubiquitously in environmental, geological, planetary, and technological settings. They exist in a rich variety of structures and hydration states. They are commonly fine-grained (nanophase) and poorly crystalline. This review summarizes recently measured thermodynamic data on their formation and surface energies. These data are essential for calculating the thermodynamic stability fields of the various iron oxide and oxyhydroxide phases and understanding their occurrence in natural and anthropogenic environments. The competition between surface enthalpy and the energetics of phase transformation leads to the general conclusion that polymorphs metastable as micrometer-sized or larger crystals can often be thermodynamically stabilized at the nanoscale. Such size-driven crossovers in stability help to explain patterns of occurrence of different iron oxides in nature.     

微量元素对小麦种子发芽状况的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度Zn2+、MoO42-、BO32-对不同小麦品种种子发芽状况的影响。[方法]供试小麦品种分别为陇育0456和陇育4号。ZnSO4·7H2O、Na2MO4·2H2O、H2BO3、1%次氯酸钠溶液浓度均分别为0.1%、0.3%、0.5%。[结果]浓度0.1%的Zn2+对小麦种子发芽表现为促进作用,浓度0.3%、0.5%的Zn2+对小麦种子发芽有抑制作用;浓度0.1%~0.5%的MoO42-、BO32-对小麦种子发芽均有胁迫作用,且随浓度的增加胁迫作用增强;BO32-对小麦种子发芽胁迫作用最大,MoO42-对小麦种子发芽的影响居中。[结论]同一离子不同浓度对同一品种小麦种子萌发有不同效应。同一离子同一浓度对不同小麦品种种子发芽效应不同。不同离子同一浓度对同一品种小麦种子发芽率亦不同。适宜的微量元素种类及浓度可促进小麦种子发芽。     

Water-mediated proton hopping on an iron oxide surface

The diffusion of hydrogen atoms across solid oxide surfaces is often assumed to be accelerated by the presence of water molecules. Here we present a high-resolution, high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the diffusion of H atoms on an FeO thin film. STM movies directly reveal a water-mediated hydrogen diffusion mechanism on the oxide surface at temperatures between 100 and 300 kelvin. Density functional theory calculations and isotope-exchange experiments confirm the STM observations, and a proton-transfer mechanism that proceeds via an H(3)O(+)-like transition state is revealed. This mechanism differs from that observed previously for rutile TiO(2)(110), where water dissociation is a key step in proton diffusion.     

Direct imaging of reconstructed atoms on TiO2 (110) surfaces

Determining the atomic structures of oxide surfaces is critical for understanding their physical and chemical properties but also challenging because the breaking of atomic bonds in the formation of the surface termination can involve complex reconstructions. We used advanced transmission electron microscopy to directly observe the atomic structure of reduced titania (TiO2) (110) surfaces from directions parallel to the surface. In our direct atomic-resolution images, reconstructed titanium atoms at the top surface layer are clearly imaged and are found to occupy the interstitial sites of the TiO2 structure. Combining observations from two orthogonal directions, the three-dimensional positioning of the Ti interstitials is identified at atomic dimensions and allows a resolution of two previous models that differ in their oxygen stoichiometries.