微生物对长白鱼鳞云杉木材渗透性的影响

本文利用水池贮存处理木材研究了细菌对改善长白鱼鳞云杉木材渗透性的有效性。渗透性的测定采用水上升置换气流法。试验结果表明,水池贮存处理长白鱼鳞云杉气干材10周,不仅可以非常显著地增加其边材的渗透性(渗透性平均增加29倍),而且其心材渗透性亦有明显改善(平均渗透性增加1.52倍)。但心材试样渗透性增加不均匀,仅有50％的心材试样在水池贮存处理后渗透性得到了增加。渗透性增加的原因主要是由于边材和部分心材试样受到短芽孢杆菌(Bacillus brevis)等细菌的侵蚀,据电镜观察,边材大多数具缘纹孔的纹孔塞被细菌降解后形成空洞,心材的管胞内壁及具缘纹孔的纹孔缘上有细菌存在。     

长白鱼鳞云杉和臭冷杉的木材及其抽出物化学组成的研究

研究长白鱼鳞云杉、臭冷杉的木材及其抽出物化学组成，并分析生材与气干材、心材与边材中各种化学组成变化的规律。同时检测出抽出物中弱酸性物质、中性物质和强酸性物质的含量及弱酸性物质中树脂酸和脂肪酸的组成含量。     

长自鱼鳞云杉木材渗透性及苯-乙醇浸提对其影响的研究

本研究采用水上升置换气流法测定了长白鱼鳞云杉木材渗透性,并利用苯-乙醇对其进行浸提处理,探明浸提物对渗透性的影响及改善其渗透性的可能性。试验结果表明,长白鱼鳞云杉气干心材的气体渗透性为0.02872达西(darcy),属渗透性低、浸注难树种;苯-乙醇浸提对其心材气体渗透性的影响高度显著,浸提后渗透性得到明显改善,渗透性平均增加75%,而且可以增加渗透的均匀性。     

3种不同处理方法对木材渗透性影响的研究

本文通过对长白鱼鳞云杉和臭冷杉生材分别进行普通气干处理和酒精置换处理以及对其气干材进行水浸处理,研究了这３种不同处理方法对木材气渗透性的影响及其影响机理。研究结果表明,长白鱼鳞云杉边材、心材和臭冷杉心村的生材经普通气干处理后,其气体渗透性较低,分别约为０．１１４、０．０４５和０．１１１ｄａｒｃｙ;长白鱼鳞云杉边材、心材和臭冷杉心材的生材经酒精置换处理后,其气体渗透性分别约为１１．７１３、０．０７４和０．１４４ｄａｒｃｙ,比普通气干处理对照组试样的平均渗透性分别增加约１０１．５倍、６２％和３０％,ｔ检验表明,前者差异非常显著,但后两者差异不显著;已气干１８个月的长白鱼鳞云杉边材、心材和臭冷杉心材经水浸处理后,其平均气体浸透性较处理前分别增加约８５％、４９％、６５．５％,ｔ检验表明差异均显著。长白鱼鳞云杉生材边材经     

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF WOOD MOISTURE CONTENT ON PERMEABILITY IN THE HYGROSCOPIC RANGE

Woodpermeabilityhascloserrelationshipwiththemanyfiledsofwoodworkingandusing,woodfluidpermeabi1-ityisrelatedtoinprocessingsuchaswooddrying;fireretartenttreatmen;pup1ingandpaper;woodpreservation.Theflowoffluidinwoodincludestwokindsoftransportprocess.Oneispenetrationfromwoodoutsidetoinside,suchas'woodpreservationandfireretartenttreatment,anotherisdiffusionfromwoodinsidetooutside'suchaswooddrying,Infact,woodpermeabilityinfulenceddirectlythequalityofwoodwaterheattreatment,Forthisreasontheresearchin…     

The regeneration characteristics of Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis on cut stumps in the sub-boreal forests of Hokkaido Tokyo University Forest

The regeneration characteristics of Picea jezoensis Carr. and Abies sachalinensis Masters on cut stumps in natural forest under selection cutting and natural regeneration were studied in a sub-boreal forest of the Hokkaido Tokyo University Forest. The following points were investigated: (1) what decay class of cut stumps are suitable for regeneration of the two conifer species; (2) what part, either a root collar or a cut surface, of a cut stump is suitable for regeneration; and (3) what percentages of cut stumps support conifer seedlings. The percentages of cut stumps that supported conifer seedlings increased as the decay class advanced, but slightly decreased in the latest stage of decay class, V. Both P. jezoensis and A. sachalinensis seedling densities per cut stump and per square meter of cut stumps increased as the decay class advanced. Some root collars in decay class IV supported A. sachalinensis seedlings, but few supported P. jezoensis. Densities of P. jezoensis per cut surface and per square meter of cut surface in decay class IV were higher than those of A. sachalinensis. On the other hand, densities of A. sachalinensis per root collar and per square meter of root collar in decay class IV were higher than those of P. jezoensis. Cut stumps in advanced decay classes are more suitable for regeneration of P. jezoensis and A. sachalinensis than those in early decay classes. Whereas a cut surface is more suitable for regeneration of P. jezoensis, a root collar is more suitable for regeneration of A. sachalinensis. Cut stumps are not sufficient to ensure enough conifer regeneration because not all conifer cut stumps in advanced decay classes support conifer seedlings.     

微生物对杉木木材渗透性的影响

分别在杉木产区古杉的创伤处采集被微生物感染木材样品和活体杉木上采集感染病的叶进行分离培养，培养后得到交链胞(Paeudomonas cunuinghamiae Nanjing F.)和多毛胞(Pestalotia zhirdiana P.Henn.)将两种微生物接种到杉木木材上，处理90d后，木材液体渗透性提高达55．3％-60．5％，经方差分析，对照与处理差异显著；微生物处理对心材没有作用；微生物处理改善杉木木材渗透性主要作用在边材，前6h的单位体积吸水量占总吸水量为55．3％-60．5％，达到24h后吸水量差异甚微。     

The effect of wood moisture on infection of Sitka spruce stumps by basidiospores of Heterobasidion annosum

In an inoculation experiment to test the effect of wood moisture content on infection of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) stumps by basidiospores of Heterobasidion annosum, exposure to high rainfall increased infection in the heartwood and reduced sapwood infection compared to covered stumps. This was associated with a greater moisture content in both wood types. Within-treatment variation in the amount of infection was high and it is suggested that endogenous factors in stumps may have a greater influence on infection than the environment or the availability of spores.     

青冈锯材常规干燥工艺探讨

青冈属木材材质好,在我国具有一定数量的蓄积量。木材加工企业在生产中通常将其分为白青冈、红青冈类,但其树种间材性存在差异,部分树种自身变异也较大,干燥时易开裂。青冈是白青冈类中的一种,至今未得到充分利用。针对30mm厚青冈锯材,采用3种干燥基准分别对其进行干燥工艺的初步研究,旨在探讨合理的青冈锯材干燥工艺,为其加工利用提供理论依据和实践指导。结果表明：干燥初期锯材含水率下降速度快,前期干燥温度不宜过高,应采用低温预热并保持一段时间,干球温度不应高于40℃,干湿球差需控制在1℃。风速控制在1.0~1.2m/s,甚至更低为宜。研究证明采用合理的多阶段干燥基准,控制各含水率阶段的干燥速度,可以有效减少青冈锯材干燥过程中的开裂等干燥缺陷,满足二级干燥锯材质量的要求,可应用于地板基材、家具用材。     

木材微波干燥缺陷产生原因及其预防措施分析

从木材介电特性、微波穿透深度、微波设备、干燥工艺等方面分析了木材微波干燥缺陷产生的主要原因,并从优化干燥器设计,改善微波场分布均匀性,控制微波辐射功率和辐射时间,改变微波辐射方式等方面探讨了预防干燥缺陷产生的主要措施,以期为木材微波干燥技术的研究和应用提供参考。     

Effect of temperature and compression on the mechanical behavior of steam-treated wood

The mechanical behavior of steamed spruce wood changes dramatically with compression along the grain, the change being much more moderate perpendicular to the grain. The stiffness decrement due to increased temperature is greatest in the tangential material direction. The stiffness decrement due to compression is greatest along the grain. Compression to 80% compressive strain at 131°C inverts the order of the material directions regarding stiffness, the stiffness being the least along the grain. Plastic strain due to compression is greater at higher temperatures. The compression-induced decrement of stiffness along the grain is greater at higher temperatures, but the off-axis decrement of stiffness is less at higher temperatures.