共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为判别土地整治的可持续性,从土地整治应增加耕地有效利用面积并提高耕地产能、增强土地抵御自然灾害的能力、改善生态环境、具有经济活力与社会可接受性4个方面提出了判别标准。并依此为准则,采用理论分析与专家咨询的方法,构建了土地整治可持续性评估的指标体系与评估模型,并以山东省东明县小井土地整治项目为例进行了案例分析。案例研究结果显示：土地整治前可持续性综合分值为63.20,整治后分值为80.55,可持续性等级由勉强持续上升为中等持续;4项因素的分值分别由21.77、5.61、14.46、21.36提高到26.32、8.53、15.95、29.75,说明土地整治对这4个方面都产生了积极影响。研究结果可以为土地管理部门的土地整治决策提供支持。 相似文献
2.
A. S. Gregory G. J. D. Kirk C. A. Keay B. G. Rawlins P. Wallace A. P. Whitmore 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(1):10-22
It is estimated that half the soil carbon globally is in the subsoil, but data are scarce. We updated estimates of subsoil organic carbon (OC) in England and Wales made by Bradley et al. (2005) using soil and land‐use databases and compared the results with other published data. We estimated that the soils of England and Wales contained 1633, 1143 and 506 Tg of OC at 0–30, 30–100 and 100–150 cm depths, respectively. Thus, half of the soil OC was found below 30 cm depth. Peat soils accounted for the largest proportion, containing 44% of all the OC below 30 cm despite their small areal extent, followed by brown soils, surface‐water gley soils, ground‐water gley soils and podzolic soils. Peat soils had more than 25% of their profile OC per unit area in the 100–150 cm depth, whereas most other soils had <8% at this depth. The differences between soil types were consistent with differences in soil formation processes. Differences in depth distributions between land uses were small, but subsoil OC stocks in cultivated soils were generally smaller than in soils under grassland or other land uses. Data on subsoil OC stocks in the literature were scarce, but what there was broadly agreed with the findings of the above database exercise. There was little evidence by which to assess how subsoil OC stocks were changing over time. 相似文献
3.
为保证耕地休耕制度的顺利实施和成效的长久保持,中国近年来不断探索制定科学合理的耕地休耕补助政策.美国、日本、欧盟、中国台湾等国家和地区已经具有多年的休耕实践经验,且都十分重视对休耕农民的补助问题.该文采用文献资料法、对比分析法及归纳总结法,在分析美国、日本、欧盟、中国台湾等代表性国家和地区休耕补助实践的基础上,对休耕补助目的、实施模式、补助形式、补助依据及资金来源等进行了梳理和归纳.针对中国休耕补助政策中可能存在的问题,提出今后应从补助目的动态化、补助效益最大化、补助类型差异化、资金来源多样化、配套措施制度化等方面完善补助政策的改进建议,并尝试构建了中国耕地休耕补助政策的初步框架. 相似文献
4.
耕地的数量、质量问题关系中国的粮食安全和社会的长治久安,耕地质量等级监测工作是贯彻落实耕地保护政策的一项重要举措。该文依托耕地质量等级监测试点项目,以北京市大兴区为例,对监测样点的布设方法进行了研究。在划分监测控制区的基础上,根据影响耕地质量的主要土壤特征,建立\"自然等别-主导因素\"理论模型,并用所建模型对控制区进行细分,在此基础上进行监测样点的布设。分析得出,大兴区耕地质量等级监测共划分6个监测控制区,39个自然等提等潜力指数组合类型;通过对39个自然等提等潜力指数的组合,得到8种\"自然等别-主导因素\"类型,在此基础上布设监测样点58个。研究成果显著提高了监测样点的精度,保证了监测样点的代表性和耕地质量监测信息的完整性。 相似文献
5.
[目的]分析和研究全国第二次土地调查(简称\"二调\")以来各省级空间地域单元的耕地利用现势分布和省域耕地利用的时空特征,以期寻求促进耕地资源可持续利用的针对性政策改进措施。[方法]基于2009—2016年全国和省级年度土地利用现状数据,利用GIS空间分析、数学指数模型等方法进行研究。[结果]①2009—2016年间中国耕地面积总体呈减少趋势,其中旱地减少面积多于水田、水浇地增加面积,耕地总面积共减少4.64×10~5 hm~2,但基于各省域间资源禀赋的异质性和社会经济发展差异,耕地面积分布与利用呈现出明显的差异性。②受不同阶段耕地保护政策的影响,耕地面积在时间和空间不同维度上均或多或少受政策调控,这是形成耕地利用时空变化格局的重要原因。③中国的耕地保护政策需要在耕地利用的时空变化分析基础上进一步加以科学优化,并积极引导区域耕地利用与资源环境协调发展。[结论]现阶段耕地资源利用具有较强的空间、时间异质性和动态变动性特征,而全国省域耕地利用变化过程受到全局性和区域性政策演进与人类活动定向干预的双重作用,亟需在及时跟进和把控耕地变化特征差异的基础上,通过适时合理的政策调控实现对省域耕地资源差异化保护和利用,以保障粮食安全和协调资源匹配,促进区域可持续发展。 相似文献
6.
Mohammad Valipour 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1641-1660
The aim of this paper is the estimation of area equipped for irrigation in the world in 2035 and 2060 using studies of agricultural water management during 1962 to 2011. Among all presented data in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database, 10 indexes were selected (due to more importance and more availability for all the regions in the world). These indexes are permanent crops to cultivated area (PC, %), rural population to total population (RP, %), total economically active population in agriculture to total economically active population (LF (Agric), %), human development index (HDI), national rainfall index (NRI, mm year?1), value added to gross domestic product (GDP(Agric)) by agriculture (%), irrigation water requirement (IWR, mm year?1), percent of total cultivated area drained (D, %), difference between NRI and irrigation water requirement (mm year?1), and area equipped for irrigation to cultivated area (AI, %). These indexes were analyzed for all five regions in the study area and the amount of area equipped for irrigation to cultivated area (10th index) was estimated by three different scenarios and using the other nine indexes. The results show that changes of area equipped for irrigation are 12.1% to 70.7% and 29.0% to 99.9% from 2011 to 2035 and 2060, respectively. 相似文献
7.
M. G. Kibblewhite 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(1):128-133
Resources for achieving better soil protection are limited and need to be effectively targeted. Spatial variability is high for soil types and related quality and for the risk of degradation because of the threats of organic matter decline, erosion, compaction and salinization. A framework is presented for mapping priority areas for soil protection based on assessing where there is greater risk of degradation and evaluating its acceptability. A conceptual model is proposed which links anthropogenic hazards, threats and the risk of degradation with soil functions. It is recommended that a set of test areas is defined according to dominant soil types, and the probabilities of changes to soil properties relevant to soil functions are then estimated. The risk of exceeding a particular degradation threshold within these test areas can then be assessed and assigned to risk categories to provide the basis for the identification of priority areas. 相似文献
8.
Microbial properties may help to provide an integrated view of changes in soil functioning associated with soil management or soil status. The fatty acid profiles of membrane phospholipids (PLFA) can give the composition of ecophysiological groups of soil microbial communities, while catabolic response profiles (CRP) estimate the heterotrophic functional diversity in soils, both relevant to the understanding of the role of micro‐organisms in the functioning of the soil. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the CRP and PLFA as microbial tools to characterize changes in soil functioning and (ii) clarify the relation among these microbial measurements, with other physical, chemical and biochemical soil properties. We compare the same soil subjected to different managements and degrees of erosion. An undisturbed soil (UN), an old pasture soil (OP) and soils under continuous cultivation (NT) with four different depth of A horizon: 25 cm (NT 25), 23 cm (NT 23), 19 cm (NT 19) and 14 cm (NT 14) were tested. Substrate‐induced respiration of most substrates diminished when cropping pressure increased (UN > OP > NT), and soil catabolic evenness, as a diversity index, decreased by increasing production pressure and soil erosion. The correlation found among most of the measured physical, chemical and biochemical soil properties with the catabolic evenness showed the potential of this measurement to provide an integrated view of soil functioning. The PLFA analysis showed that the composition of microbial community denoting a partial recovery after 10 yr under grazed grassland. The stress indicators showed that farming practices increased microbial stress with the highest values found in the most eroded soils. 相似文献
9.
《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2017,28(3):799-810
During the period of socio‐economic transformation initiated in the late 1980s by the political reform (Doi Moi) in Vietnam, the agrarian systems evolved considerably. In the region around the capital, where the process of industrialization, urbanization, and international integration has been accelerating, a number of questions about the sustainability of those agrarian systems have been raised. By diagnosing and analysing the dynamics of the agricultural systems in Vietnam from 1980 to 2010, this study aims to provide decision‐makers with some sectorial and territorial policy options that are able to authorize the sustainable development of agriculture and rural society in the new socio‐economic context. By applying a systematic approach, including the historical and adaptive approaches, this study shows how well farmers in the Hai Duong province have adapted to socio‐economic and institutional changes, notably by transforming part of their paddy farms into other agricultural land use purposes, such as fish ponds, animal buildings, vegetable fields, and fruit orchards. These rapid changes, however, do not move in a direction that improves the sustainability of agrarian systems. The results revealed that farm holders are now facing many technical and economic contradictions, whereas issues that arise from the land no longer are only related to agricultural purposes. Competition for different functions of land use are now emerging, along with the fragmentation of plots, an imperfect land market, and rising property values are all emerging. The prospect of the sustainability of agricultural systems was also analysed under different scenarios, highlighting the complexity of policy options. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
中国近十年来,随着社会经济的全面发展,城市化进程加快,耕地保护的形势不容乐观,在耕地占补工作中存在“占多补少、占优补劣”的现象。为确保补充耕地面积,提高补充耕地质量,解决国家粮食安全问题,进行农用地分等成果在补充耕地数量质量按等级折算中的应用研究。本文选择湖北省为研究区域,以湖北省农用地自然质量等成果作为研究数据源,采用分层抽样的方法从数据源中选取适量的具有代表性的样本,以这些样本的农用地自然质量等指数和面积数据等相关信息建立基础数据库。在此基础上,开展补充耕地数量质量按等级折算技术方法研究：首先,采用面积加权平均模型计算得到各自然质量等别的平均自然质量等指数;然后,构建按等折算系数计算模型;最终建立各等别间折算关系表。通过本研究得到省级耕地占补平衡等级折算系数表,为严格土地管理和耕地占补平衡的贯彻落实提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
资源环境与经济发展的矛盾日益突出,低碳视角下的资源节约集约利用是增强发展可持续性的根本途径。以武汉市为例,采用文献资料法等结合已有研究成果,立足低碳视角,与城市圈土地利用特点相结合,建立低碳视角下的城市圈土地可持续利用评价指标体系。综合CSDEA(指标凝聚法)和熵值法对各指标值进行分析综合,在获得评价结果后进一步计算得到各评价对象的改进方案。结果显示,黄石市、黄冈市、咸宁市、潜江市为土地可持续利用CSDEA有效,仙桃市、天门市、孝感市、武汉市、鄂州市为土地可持续利用CSDEA无效,综合评价值分别为0.9849,0.9791,0.9725,0.9574,0.8082,评价值最低的是鄂州市,在地均农业产值等9个指标上均存在不足,需要降低的指标包括农村恩格尔系数、地均碳排放量等,其中地均碳排放量应降低97.33 t/hm2。综合来看鄂州市仍需较大提升。评价结果和改进方案客观反映了城市圈土地利用的现状和不足,经济发展应更加注重对环境的保护和资源的节约和集约利用,不断提高可持续发展能力。 相似文献
12.
土地资源可持续利用是社会经济可持续发展的根本保障。该文以土地利用集约度、土地利用程度、土地利用效率和土地利用效益为变量构建了土地利用绩效评价四维模型,并选取23个指标建立了土地利用绩效评价指标体系,根据土地利用变更数据和社会经济统计资料,计算了湛江市1996～2006年的土地利用绩效指数,并依此对湛江市土地利用的可持续性进行了评价。结果表明：湛江市土地利用程度较高但呈总体下降态势,而土地利用的集约度、效率和效益都有明显提高;土地利用绩效总体水平较低但保持稳定增长趋势,指数由1996年的0.3172增长到2006年的0.7163;以1996年为基准年,1997～2006年的土地利用可持续性指数大于0,土地利用处于可持续阶段,说明湛江市的土地利用正逐步优化;土地利用绩效和可持续性的区域分布具有一定的地带性特征。最后,根据土地利用存在的问题提出了土地可持续利用的建议。 相似文献
13.
Rupesh Regmi;Zhuo Zhang;Hongpeng Zhang; 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2024,35(6):2157-2172
Environmental sustainability (ES) is critical for high-income countries (HICs) because of their high ecological footprints. They are responsible for global environmental problems as they consume more natural resources, produce more output, and generate more greenhouse gases than other countries, which could have severe consequences for land degradation. In the context of resource conservation and land development policies, this study examined the impact of natural resource protection (i.e., land, water, and biodiversity), financial institution inclusion, financial market inclusion, and energy innovation (EI) on the enhancement of ES in 15 HICs from 1995 to 2020. The study applied Feasible GLS and Prais–Winsten regression to consider cross-sectional dependence, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and slope heterogeneity problems for unbiased and robust findings along with 2nd generation cointegration tests and the JKS Granger non-causality test. Natural resource protection, financial institution inclusion, financial market inclusion, and EI have positive effects on ES, along with green energy and environmental regulations. It was also found that an increase in real income negatively impacts ES, as it increases the use of natural resources and energy and generates more waste and pollution which further accelerates land degradation. Cointegration and causality also exist between variables of interest. This shows that protecting natural resources, increasing financial inclusion, and EI can be successful strategies for fostering a green transition, reducing environmental impacts, and embracing more sustainable practices and laws to meet development goals and develop sustainable land use policies. This study suggests that HICs should protect land, water, and biodiversity, promote green financing, digital payments, EI, energy diversification, and environmental protection to achieve ES which is critically important to reduce land degradation. 相似文献
14.
针对当前开发区土地集约评价中权重确定方法受主观性影响较大的问题,该文提出基于云模型的权重确定方法。将云模型引入开发区土地集约利用评价,并以桂林国家级高新技术产业开发区为例,进行实证研究。研究结果表明桂林高新区土地利用集约度综合分值为0.889,用地供需基本平衡;从土地利用状况而言,其土地利用强度较高、工业用地水平较强;就用地效益而言,工业用地产出强度较好,高新技术产业用地产出强度较高;从管理绩效来看,截止评价时点,区内无闲置土地,监管成效显著。基于云模型确定权重值的方法具备结果更加客观,算法容易实现的优点,有助于促进土地集约利用的科学评价,为桂林高新区土地集约利用政策依据。 相似文献
15.
根据土地利用数量变化、质量变化、空间分布变化等监测要求,以ＰＣＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ为软件平台,设计建立了土地利用动态监测、土地评价、模拟预测、优化等各类应用模型,输入各类土地利用信息建立相应统计数据库、图形库及相应属性库、图像库。集成为区域土地利用监测系统（ＲＬＵＭＳ）。该系统具有各类土地利用信息分析管理、土地利用面积、分布及质量变化监测,以及模拟预测、优化配置,辅助土地利用决策等多种功能,满足全方位、长期的土地利用监测要求。经应用取得满意结果。 相似文献
16.
Roberto Alvarez Daniela Gangi María Caffaro Cecilia Molina Gonzalo Berhongaray 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(7):1022-1033
The effects of land use on soil organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) stocks were assessed in the Pampas, Argentina. Three hundred and eighty-six paired sites widely distributed over an area of ca. 50 Mha were sampled. Land use types included soils under trees, uncropped soils, cropped soils at the pasture phase of a mixed rotation, cropped soils at the crop phase of a mixed rotation, and flooded soils. Slight differences in organic P stocks were found among land uses. Organic P was 21–35% lower in flooded soil than in the other treatments in the 0–100 cm depth. Inorganic P was significantly lower (ca. 27%) in pasture and cropped soils than in the uncropped controls at 0–25 cm depth. The ratios of organic P/inorganic P and organic C/organic P decreased with depth and did not significantly differ among the sites. The influence of cultivation on inorganic P to a depth of 100 cm depended on the initial phosphorus content of the soil. Soils rich in phosphorus lost substantial amounts of their phosphorus stocks, in some cases losses were as high as 70%, whereas phosphorus-poor soils presented only small changes in their inorganic P levels. 相似文献
17.
台湾省的土地资源非常有限,山地面积占73.65%,平地仅占26.35%,由於人口急速膨胀,大量向都市集中淤是都市范围不断扩张,使得广大山坡地成为重要开发之目标。本省山地约占2/3,因地形起伏大,加上降雨集中,一遇豪雨,雨水所汇集之迳流即流入溪流,迅速排出,无法渗透至地下,故集流时间短、洪峰流量大,成为台湾水文环境之特性。在资源有限,自然环境欠佳,而各种森林资源之开发、农地之利用、人口居住又面临迫切的需求下,如何兼顾资源的开发与保育,避免两者之间的冲突,集水区水资源的开发与划定亦是重要的课题之一。水里溪集水区位於台湾省中部,属浊水溪中游之水系,面积约7400hm2,包括明湖、明潭、日月潭等三个水库及钜工调整池。由於区内交通方便,游客众多,观光事业发达;另一方面,因本集水区的气候、土壤适宜栽种摈榔等经济作物,在有厚利可图的情况下,集水区内的土地纷纷改种槟榔,近年来更有大量种植的趋势,使得森林的覆盖减少,造成生态环境、微气候的改变,并对当地的水土冲蚀、水质、水量产生影响,故对於集水区的经营与管理,需有一合宜的监控模式。本集水区的环境日益恶化,究其原因乃为土地利用之改变,故本研究即利用遥测影像加以判释,了解其土地利？ 相似文献
18.
为准确把握区域耕地集约利用时间变化规律和空间分异特征,利用2001-2009年长沙市各县(市、区)土地利用变更数据和相关社会经济资料,以耕地集约利用为目标,尝试性地构建了包含3个层次、12项具体指标的耕地集约利用评价指标体系;采用以主成分分析为主的方法评价长沙市各区域耕地集约利用时序变化规律;以模糊综合评判为主的方法评判长沙市耕地集约利用空间分异特征。结果表明:2001-2009年,市辖区和东部远郊的浏阳市耕地集约利用度波动式上升趋势明显;东部中郊的长沙县耕地集约利用度经过前期(2001-2004年)短暂的上升-下降后,呈连年快速增长的态势;位于西部中、远郊的望城和宁乡2县耕地集约利用度变化轨迹基本上体现为持续稳步增加。2009年,市辖区和西部中郊的望城县耕地处于高度集约利用状态,集约利用综合评分分别为0.8638、0.8456;东部中郊的长沙县耕地处于中度集约利用状态,集约利用综合评分为0.7643;西、东部远郊的宁乡县和浏阳市耕地处于一般集约利用状态,集约利用综合评分分别为0.6902、0.6645。2种方法的集成运用为相关地区为耕地集约利用评价研究提供了借鉴,研究结果为促使长沙市在经济快速发展过程中耕地集约利用水平的提高提供了决策支持。 相似文献
19.
An extensive collection of soil, land resource and land suitability surveys undertaken worldwide over the last 80 years by soil surveyors and scientists at the behest of the British government and others has been archived and catalogued using internationally recognized bibliographic standards. The World Soil Survey Archive and Catalogue (WOSSAC) consisting of over 13 000 reports and maps is now available for consultation and use by the international soil science community. 相似文献
20.
该文从自然条件因素、环境条件因素、社会经济条件因素中选择了34个影响可持续土地利用的因子,利用隶属度函数对其进行标准化,通过障碍度计算详细分析了黄河三角洲垦利县可持续土地利用的障碍因素。研究结果表明：在34个因子中人均农业总产值、粮食单产、芦苇地占地率、农业用地率、城镇化水平是黄河三角洲可持续土地利用的主要障碍因素,其中芦苇地占地率在1996年以后始终是第一障碍因素,而人均农业总产值的限制主要出现在1998年之前,之后对可持续土地利用未构成障碍;粮食单产和农业用地率的影响主要出现在1996年以后;林草覆盖率、公顷耕地农机总动力和农村电气化水平在一半以上的年份对可持续土地利用构成障碍;在1994年之前,农民人均收入障碍度较大,是主要的障碍因素。 相似文献