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1.
Hyun-Suk Jung Seong-Taek Yun Byoung-Young Choi Hyang-Mi Kim Myungchae Jung Soon-Oh Kim Kyoung-Ho Kim 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(6):1142-1158
Purpose
A number of publications have raised trace metal contamination of soils and sediments within and around shooting ranges used for sport or military training. To our knowledge, however, there is no publication on the contamination of sediments derived from military shooting ranges in a marine environment. Therefore, this work was purposed to assess the dispersion and fractionation of ammunition- and bomb-derived trace metals in intertidal sediment. 相似文献2.
Phylogenetic diversity of dissimilatory ferric iron reducers in paddy soil of Hunan, South China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xin-Jun Wang Jing Yang Xue-Ping Chen Guo-Xin Sun Yong-Guan Zhu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(6):568-577
Purpose
Dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria have been described by both culture-dependent and -independent methods in various environments, including freshwater, marine sediments, natural wetlands, and contaminated aquifers. However, little is known about iron-reducing microbial communities in paddy soils. The goal of this study was to characterize iron-reducing microbial communities in paddy soil. Moreover, the effect of dissolved and solid-phase iron (III) species on the iron-reducing microbial communities was also investigated by enrichment cultures. 相似文献3.
Development of sediment quality criteria in Norway 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Torgeir Bakke Torsten Källqvist Anders Ruus Gijs D. Breedveld Ketil Hylland 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(2):172-178
Introduction
A Norwegian system for classification of environmental quality of contaminated marine sediments has been in force since 1997 and was revised in 2007. 相似文献4.
Sansfica M. Young Hiroaki Ishiga Barry P. Roser Amarasooriya Pitawala 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(1):204-217
Purpose
The geochemical compositions of sediments from three sectors in Trincomalee Bay (Koddiyar Bay, Thambalagam Bay and the Inner Harbour) in Sri Lanka were examined to determine fluvial and marine contributions and the effects of sorting and heavy mineral concentration. The present environmental status of the bay was also assessed.Materials and methods
Forty-nine sediment samples were collected from Trincomalee Bay and analysed by X-ray fluorescence, yielding data for the major elements and 17 trace elements. Mean grain size and sorting were also measured. Data were compared with the compositions of sediments from the lower Mahaweli River, which supplies most of the clastic detritus to Trincomalee Bay.Results and discussion
Sediments in the three sectors differ significantly in chemical composition, according to position relative to the Mahaweli River delta source, depositional environment, heavy mineral concentration and marine influences. According to accepted sediment quality guidelines, some As contamination may have occurred in the Inner Harbour and Thambalagam Bay and Cr contamination in all three sectors.Conclusions
Proximal Koddiyar Bay sediments compare closely with Mahaweli River bedload. Although the clastic component in the more distal Thambalagam Bay and the Inner Harbour is also derived from the Mahaweli River, compositions are modified significantly by marine contributions. High concentrations of elements including Ti, Zr, Ce, Nb and Y in NW Koddiyar Bay are consistent with heavy mineral concentration by winnowing in high-energy zones. Some decoupling of Fe–Ti- and Zr-bearing heavy mineral assemblages may occur within the bay. Al-normalized metal enrichment factors and contour maps show that apparent contamination by As and Cr is spurious and is caused by locally high background levels from Mahaweli River detritus. This illustrates the importance of establishing local background levels of elements during environmental studies. 相似文献5.
Kate L. Spencer Andrew J. Manning Ian G. Droppo Gary G. Leppard Thomas Benson 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(7):1401-1414
Purpose
Cohesive sediment tracers have been developed to improve our understanding of fine sediment transport in the aquatic environment. However, there is little understanding of their physical and dynamic characteristics compared to the natural sediments they are intended to mimic. This work focuses on a labelled clay mineral tracer examining its dynamic characteristics and determining whether it flocculates and interacts with natural estuarine mud. 相似文献6.
Navas Ana Valero-Garcés Blas Gaspar Leticia Palazón Leticia 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(6):1082-1098
Purpose
The sediments accumulated in the Yesa Reservoir (Central Spanish Pyrenees) have greatly decreased its water storage capacity and are a major threat to the sustainability of water resources in the region. This study examines the contents of radionuclides and stable elements in the reservoir sediments and relates their variations with the sediment composition and local sedimentary dynamics, particularly flood frequency and intensity, which are responsible for changes in the main supply and distribution of radionuclides in the basin. 相似文献7.
Cyclic influences on the heavy metal chronology in a Central Mediterranean area (Palermo Gulf,Italy)
Salvatore Basile Maria Brai Salvatore Rizzo Marco Spanò Luigi Tranchina 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(1):174-184
Purpose
The evaluation of long-term heavy metal concentrations in the Gulf of Palermo (Italy) has been carried out in order to investigate how changes of pollution levels in the last 50 years can be reflected in marine sediments. Measurements of Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn concentrations were performed on dated fractions of a sediment core. Time series analysis has allowed to obtain information on the chronology of the heavy metal pollution of the area and to identify seasonal components and trends. 相似文献8.
Purpose
We investigated the effect of growth strategy (i.e., single or mixed plant types) of two emergent plants (i.e., Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis) on the distribution of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and their monoester metabolites (PAMs) in the sediments and roots in two adjacent shallow lakes in Tianjin, China, as well as the removal of PAEs from the sediments.Materials and methods
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and their PAMs were measured in sediments and roots sampled on 18th May 2010. PAE-degrading bacteria and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) of the sediment samples were also analyzed.Results and discussion
The results showed that DBP, DEHP, and their PAMs were detected in nearly all of the samples, and the PAE concentrations were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of their corresponding monoester metabolites. The PAE distribution patterns in sediments from the two lakes were different and influenced by plant growth strategy. Phytoavailability of PAEs was also affected by plant growth strategy.Conclusions
Compared with the non-rhizosphere sediments, the total organic carbon-normalized PAE concentration in the rhizosphere sediments decreased in the presence of the emergent plants. The PAE removal from the rhizosphere sediments was related not only to plant species but also to growth strategy, which was consistent with the findings of PLFA. The enhancement of PAE biodegradation in the rhizosphere was mainly the result of changes in the microbial community structure for different plant species and in microbial biomass for the same plant species. 相似文献9.
A new approach to in situ sediment remediation based on air-cathode microbial fuel cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Purpose
As an attempt to remove the back color and odor of the organic-rich sediment, a novel tubular air-cathode MFC (TAC-MFC) was constructed and employed for in situ sediment remediation. The biodegradation of organic matter in sediment was stimulated by providing anodic electrode as an electron acceptor. The TAC-MFC was more favorable for application than typical sediment-type MFCs, whose performances are strongly limited due to the drawbacks such as low oxygen availability of cathodes, big electrode spacing, and fouling of cathodes. 相似文献10.
Mark E. Hines Stefano Covelli Jadran Faganeli Milena Horvat 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(7):1961-1971
Purpose
Concentrations and transformations of mercury were measured in river, estuarine, and marine sediments to determine factors affecting the fate of mercury entering the northern Adriatic Sea.Materials and methods
Radiotracer methodology was used to compare rates of mercury methylation (203Hg), MeHg demethylation (14C), and sulfate reduction (35S) in sediment depth profiles to concentrations of total and dissolved mercury species in the lower freshwater region of the Isonzo River, the coastal lagoons, and in the Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea.Results and discussion
Mercury was readily methylated and demethylated in all sediments, but the relative activity of these processes varied greatly with location. Methylation activity increased greatly from freshwater to the marine regions; however, demethylation was extremely high in the estuarine and lagoon sites. Ratios of methylation to demethylation were low in these coastal sites but increased further offshore in the gulf, which agreed with increased ratios of MeHg to total Hg (%MeHg) in gulf sediments. Comparisons of microbial activities indicated that sulfate reduction strongly controlled both methylation and demethylation. However, Hg methylation in coastal lagoon sediments was controlled by rapid demethylation and the bioavailability of Hg that was affected by Hg adsorption and precipitation. Methylation in offshore marine sites correlated with sulfate reduction but not the partitioning of Hg between pore water and solid phases. The decrease in sulfide production offshore exacerbated Hg methylation.Conclusions
The freshwater to marine gradient in the Idrija/So?a/Isonzo/Adriatic region is dynamic, exhibiting horizontally variable rates of microbial activities and Hg transformations that create “hot spots” of MeHg accumulation that are controlled differently in each region.11.
João Batista Rossetto Pellegrini Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos Celso Santos Gonçalves André Carlos Cruz Copetti Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi Daniel Tessier 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(3):451-460
Purpose
The transfer of soil sediments and phosphorus from terrestrial to aquatic systems is a common process in agricultural lands. The aims of this paper are to quantify the soil phosphorus availability and to characterize phosphorus forms in soil sediments as contaminant agents of waters as a function of anthropic pressures. 相似文献12.
Determining the bioavailability of contaminants and assessing the quality of sediments 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Stephen AC Marklevitz Elizabete Almeida Joanna Flemming Jocelyne Hellou 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2008,8(2):86-91
Background, Aims and Scope Our study determined the role of light, aeration, grain size, amount of sediments and of water, density of animals and presence
of additional food on the movement of Ilyanassa obsoleta. Spiked relative to reference sediments were also tested for avoidance or preference by the mud snails. Our goal was to develop
exposure conditions to be used in future assessment studies of the environmental quality of sediments inhabited by mud snails.
The behavioural response of the snails towards different concentrations of contaminated Halifax Harbour sediments placed in
one half of a tank relative to reference sediments in the other half is examined in Part 2 and a chemical link investigated.
Methods Animals were exposed in 7 L aquaria at 12°C to their native sediments placed in one or two halves of a tank and the effect
due to the presence of a light source, air bubbles, sediment grain size, added algae examined relative to the snails’ behaviour.
Preference or avoidance of one half of a tank relative to the second half, the immersed or dry glass surface represented the
various media to be chosen by snails. After choosing the optimum set up, exposures were performed in triplicate, under slightly
differing initial placement of the snails to compare means and variability in the results. Three specific biogenic chemicals,
cholesterol, coprostanol and a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) were spiked at 0.002, 0.01, 0.05, 0.25 and 1.2 mg/g, dry weight
of sediment. A hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extract of harbour sediment were also spiked in reference sediments. In
all cases, the location of the snails was recorded over a period extending up to 96 hrs.
Results Twenty snails exposed during a 72 hrs period in commercial 7 L tanks containing 50 g of sediments (wet weight) in the bottom
half of a tank filled half way with seawater represented the chosen conditions to test the avoidance/preference behaviour
of snails for part of a tank. The presence of additional food on sediments attracted snails within 24 hrs of exposure.
Discussion A general lack of preference was indicated in exposures to three biologically derived compounds spiked in reference sediments,
i.e. a C-18 FAME, cholesterol and coprostanol. The repelling properties of a harbour sediment extract pointed to a role for
non polar chemicals.
Conclusions It is proposed that behaviour reflects a balance between the repelling effects of contaminants and the attractive value of
food. The present study provides a robust green assessment tool that is easy to set up to assess the quality of sediments.
Recommendations and Perspectives The interpretation of field observations regarding the abundance of animals during environmental assessments must consider
both nutritional and toxicological causes. Additional laboratory exposures are needed to determine which chemicals play a
role in the field. 相似文献
13.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess phosphorus-retention (Pret) capacities via P adsorption (Pads) and desorption (Pdes) by sediments collected from six different sources associated with various origins, physical, and chemical characteristics. 相似文献14.
Purpose
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread in sediments, particularly near areas of intense human activities. Due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic behaviour, PAHs are classified as priority contaminants to be monitored in environmental quality control schemes. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of PAHs in major coastal areas of Greece that receive various pressures, investigate their sources and evaluate their potential toxicity by comparison against effects-based Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG). 相似文献15.
Xing-Yue Wen Cheng-Min Huang Ya Tang Suo-Lang Gong-Bo Xin-Xin Hu Zhang-Wen Wang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(10):1693-1702
Purpose
The geochemistry of rare earth elements (REEs) taken from the sediments of a karst lake was analyzed to track the provenance of the sediments and the history of soil erosion in the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve (JNR) in Sichuan Province in southwest China.Materials and methods
The REE concentrations of 177 samples including 150 lake sediments, 13 soils, 8 loess, 3 carbonate rocks, and 3 water were determined using a quadruple inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Q-ICP-MS). The grain size distributions of 139 sediment samples were measured using a Malvern Master Size 2000 laser particle size analyzer. The carbonate contents of 159 sediment samples were determined using a gasometric method. The dried remains after reaction with HCl were defined as acid-insoluble residues. The mineral composition of the sediments was measured using a Philips X'Pert Pro X-ray diffractometer.Results and discussion
The lake sediments in the JNR exhibit features similar to those of the neighboring soils, i.e., enriched REE content, a greater ratio of light REEs to heavy REEs, greater δCe values, and lower δEu values relative to those in the carbonate rocks. The REE signatures in the silt and sand fractions of the sediments are similar to those in the soils and carbonate rocks, respectively. The REE content, LREE/HREE, and δCe values in the sediments strongly negatively correlate with the carbonate content, indicating an intense carbonate effect on the REE geochemistry. The content of acid-insoluble residues is obviously positively correlated with ∑REEs in the sediments, and a negative relationship is observed between ∑REEs and the ratio of calcite to quartz in the sediments.Conclusions
The sediments in the JNR originate from eroded soils and authigenic travertine deposits in the lakes. It is proposed that the increased ∑REEs in the sediments resulted from the elevated proportion of soil particles in lacustrine deposits was due to increasing soil erosion intensity. This hypothesis is evidenced by the coupling of ∑REEs with the intensity of soil erosion and anthropogenic activities in the JNR. In karst drainage, the total REE concentration might be a potentially powerful indicator for reconstructing the history of soil erosion. 相似文献16.
Hanno Zielke Thomas-Benjamin Seiler Sabine Niebergall Erik Leist Markus Brinkmann Denise Spira Georg Streck Werner Brack Ute Feiler Thomas Braunbeck Henner Hollert 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(2):352-363
Purpose
Traditionally, methods for sediment extractions are characterised using chemical analyses. However, in order to evaluate sediment extracts with regard to biological effects and, thus, bioaccessibility, extraction methods have to be compared to effect data obtained from experiments with in situ exposure scenarios, i.e., sediment contact tests. This study compares four extraction methods and sediment contact test data from a previous project with respect to predictive power in the fish embryo test with zebrafish (Danio rerio).Materials and methods
A natural and an artificial sediment spiked with a mixture of six organic pollutants (2,4-dinitrophenol, diuron, fluoranthene, nonylphenol, parathion and pentachlorophenol) were extracted using (a) membrane dialysis extraction (MDE), (b) a Soxhlet procedure, (c) hydroxypropyl-??-cyclodextrin (HPCD) or (d) Tenax®-TA. Whereas the former two are regarded being exhaustive with respect to non-covalently bound contaminants, the latter two are considered to predict bioaccessibility. Resulting extracts were tested in the fish embryo assay with D. rerio for embryotoxic and teratogenic potential.Results and discussion
Mortalities caused by organic extracts from Soxhlet extraction and MDE were high. However, HPCD extracts turned out to be at least as effective as extracts obtained with these two methods. One possible reason might be short ageing time of the spiked sediments. Only Tenax®-TA extracts gave results comparable to the sediment contact assay for natural sediment, but revealed low reproducibility. Significant differences between natural and artificial sediment were found for extracts obtained with techniques using native (i.e., non-freeze-dried) sediments, i.e., HPCD and Tenax®-TA. In contrast, MDE and Soxhlet extracts used freeze-dried sediment and did not differentiate between natural and artificial sediment. Therefore, freeze-drying has likely altered and equalised sediment properties that influence accessibility, such as composition of bacterial communities and organic matter quality.Conclusions
Four extraction methods were successfully characterised with respect to their stringency and predictiveness for bioaccessibility. MDE was confirmed as an alternative to Soxhlet extraction. High mortalities induced by HPCD extracts underline the need to include ageing into consideration when assessing sediments. Although Tenax®-TA may basically be used to predict bioaccessibility in the fish embryo test, the high variability observed warrants further investigation of the relation between effect and extractability. Apparently, freeze-drying can severely affect sediment properties, potentially eliminating individual properties of natural sediments. 相似文献17.
Petra Tallberg Kaarina Lukkari Antti Räike Jouni Lehtoranta Mirja Leivuori 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(6):594-603
Purpose
A sequential phosphorus (P) fractionation procedure for sediments was applied to silicon (Si) to test its applicability. We wanted to know (1) whether it would be used in a cost-efficient way to study the finding of both elements, defining Si pools corresponding to the respective P pools, and in particular, (2) whether it could be shown that redox-sensitive processes affect Si mobility in sediment. 相似文献18.
Daniel C. W. Tsang Theo C. M. Yip Irene M. C. Lo 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(7):1221-1233
Purpose
Most previous studies focused on the metal extraction efficiency of chelant-enhanced soil washing under various operational conditions; however, one of the keys to cost-effective field application is to maintain a high throughput rate (i.e., short washing time) while achieving the treatment objectives. Therefore, this study presented a conceptual model for simulating the kinetic extraction of heavy metals and evaluated its sensitivity analysis to the predetermined parameter values in five soils with different initial metal distributions. 相似文献19.
Introduction
Sequential fractionation procedures have been an important tool in the study of phosphorus (P) dynamics in soils and sediments for over 50 years. Throughout this period, the various methodologies have been thoroughly reviewed, and several limitations are widely acknowledged, but there are also aspects of P fractionation that have received little or no discussion. As there are few alternatives to fractionation procedures, in order to advance the usefulness of these techniques, we need to explore the undisclosed variables that may falsely bias our interpretation. 相似文献20.
Fengchang Wu Libin Xu Yongge Sun Haiqing Liao Xiaoli Zhao Jianyang Guo 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(5):774-783