不同日粮类型对鹅饲养效果的研究

试验的目的是探索用广西盛产的稻谷、木薯及亚热带牧草尤其是蟛蜞菊进行不同配比,考察各组日粮对鹅生产性能和养分利用的影响。27日龄合浦狮头鹅共96只被随机分为A、B、C、D4个处理组:对照组(玉米饲粮+象草组)、试验Ⅰ组(稻谷替代对照组玉米饲粮+蟛蜞菊组)、试验Ⅱ组(木薯替代对照组玉米饲粮+蟛蜞菊组)、试验Ⅲ组(木薯、稻谷各替代对照组50%的玉米饲粮+蟛蜞菊组),每组3个重复,每个重复8只鹅(公母各半),进行为期44d的饲养试验。结果表明:各组平均日增重分别为67.75、53.00、55.78和64.88g,对照组、试验Ⅲ组与试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组间差异显著(P<0.05);在生长中期,对照组主要营养成分干物质、蛋白质、能量、粗脂肪的利用率明显比其它各组高(P<0.05);对照组、试验Ⅲ组的半净膛率、全净膛率、腹脂率与试验Ⅰ组间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

不同日粮类型对鹅生长性能和养分利用率的影响

选择28日龄合浦鹅96只,随机分为A、B、C、D4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复8只,进行为期42d的饲养试验。结果表明:A组(稻谷饲粮组)、B组(稻谷饲粮+0.2%酶制剂组)、C组(木薯饲粮组)、D组(木薯饲粮+0.2%酶制剂组)平均日增重分别为51.74、52.57、52.96和55.06g,日增重木薯组比稻谷组提高了2.36%,加酶组比其对照组(即B组比A组,D组比C组)分别提高了1.60%、3.97%,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);干物质、能量利用率为木薯组高于稻谷组,加酶组高于不加酶组;试验各组鹅的胴体肉用性能指标无明显差异(P>0.05)。     

不同饲养方式对鹅繁殖性能影响的比较研究

比较分析传统池塘养殖和新型戏水池养殖扬州鹅的产蛋性能和孵化性能,探讨两种饲养方式的优劣,以期证明新型戏水池养殖方式的可行性。研究结果表明,池塘养殖开产略迟（比戏水池养殖晚4d）,但高峰产蛋率达到了43.30%（比戏水池养殖高5%）,产蛋率〉35%维持的天数达到了59d,入舍母鹅产蛋数达到58.70个（比戏水池养殖入舍母鹅产蛋数56.24个高2.46个）,池塘养殖鹅群产蛋性能更好一些。受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率,池塘养殖（88.97%、89.58%、97.90%）与戏水池养殖（87.92%、87.69%、98.05%）均无显著差异。综合考虑土地利用率、节水、养殖效率等因素,新型戏水池饲养方式可以在鹅养殖业中大面积推广使用。     

饲粮不同钙磷水平对0～4周龄五龙鹅胫骨生长及矿物质含量的影响

试验选用1日龄健康五龙鹅雏,研究了饲粮中不同钙磷水平对0～4周龄五龙鹅胫骨生长及矿物质含量的影响。试验采用4×2二因子设计,饲粮中钙的添加水平为0.07%、0.17%、0.27%和0.37%,磷的添加水平为0.08%和0.18%。结果表明,当饲粮中钙含量为0.65%,有效磷含量为0.4%时,鹅的胫骨生长最好,胫骨中粗灰分及钙磷含量最高,矿质化度最高。     

Insulin sensitivity of heifers on different diets

The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique was used to investigate the effect on insulin sensitivity of 2 different diets used in practical cattle feeding in calves. Ten 4 to 5-month-old heifer calves were allocated to 2 feeding groups, LO or HI, to obtain growth rates of 400 g/day or 900 g/day. The heifers were fed and housed individually for 5 weeks. Growth rates close to calculated rates were obtained with the diets used. Weekly blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for analysis of glucose, insulin, cortisol, total serum protein, urea, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids. During week 5, insulin sensitivity was estimated using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique. Insulin sensitivity did not differ between the groups, but the plasma glucose levels were higher during weeks 3 and 4 for the HI group compared to the LO group. It may be concluded that the amount of concentrate in the diet was too low to induce changes in either the basal plasma insulin levels or the insulin sensitivity in the HI group.     

Effects of full-fat rice bran inclusion in diets on growth performance and meat quality of Sichuan goose

1. This trial was conducted to study the effect of full-fat rice bran inclusion in diets on growth performance, carcass and meat quality and fatty acid composition in Sichuan goose.

2. A total of 204 Sichuan white male geese (28-d-old, 984 ± 15 g) were used in the 42-d assay. Full-fat rice bran inclusion in diets was 0%, 6%, 12% and 18%, respectively.

3. On d 70, two geese from each pen were randomly selected and killed for measuring the carcass and meat quality and the meat fatty acid composition.

4. The results showed that full-fat rice bran inclusion had no effect on average daily gain during 28–56 d, but rice bran inclusion at 18% increased average daily gain during 57–70 d. In addition, the full-fat rice bran supplementation decreased the subcutaneous fat yield, and the inclusion of full-fat rice bran in amounts of 12% and 18% decreased the half-eviscerated carcass yield, eviscerated carcass yield and crude fat content in goose meat. Moreover, full-fat rice bran supplementation had no effect on the content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA), but decreased the content of total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). The inclusion of full-fat rice bran in amounts of 12–18% increased the content of total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and total n-6 in goose meat and in the amount of 18% increased n-3 fatty acids content in goose meat.

5. The results indicated that the rice bran inclusion had a positive effect in geese by stimulating growth performance and improving meat quality and fatty acid composition of goose meat.

     

日粮纤维源对鹅盲肠细菌结构的影响

采用Miseq高通量测序方法分别对饲喂玉米秸秆和苜蓿为纤维源日粮的鹅盲肠黏膜细菌进行检测,并分析各样品中菌种类别、菌落组成和物种差异。结果显示:玉米纤维组(J组)检测出的细菌属于20门类的225个属,苜蓿组(M组)检测出的细菌属于17门类的199个属;J组和M组细菌多样性无显著性差异(P>0.05);M组Verrucomicrobia菌门和Desulfovibrio、Akkermansia菌属相对丰度显著高于J组(P<0.05),M组Clostridium、cc_115、Campylobacter菌属相对丰度显著低于J组(P<0.05)。结果表明:玉米秸秆和苜蓿纤维源对鹅盲肠细菌多样性无显著性影响,但可影响Verrucomicrobia菌门和Desulfovibrio、Akkermansia、Clostridium、cc_115、Campylobacter菌属的相对丰度。     

鹅细小病毒QY株的生物特性研究

本研究的病毒是从广东患病鹅的小肠组织中分离的,初步鉴定为小鹅瘟病毒(Goose parvovirus,GPV),命名为QY/05后,对病毒的生物学特性进行了鉴定。病料经过处理后,接种12日龄非免疫鹅胚,传代,发现病毒对鹅胚的平均致死时间为3～4d,胚体全身出现较为严重的出血点。病毒接种鹅成纤维细胞和番鸭成纤维细胞,显微镜下可见细胞圆缩、脱落、折光性增强等明显的细胞病变。鹅胚尿囊液经梯度离心后,磷钨酸负染,电镜下可见明显细小的病毒样粒子。这株小鹅瘟病毒尿囊液对鹅胚的EID50为10-3.67/0.3ml。对鹅胚成纤维细胞的TCID50分别为2-5.425/0.1ml。感染一个病毒最小致死量的鹅胚平均死亡时间(MDT)分别为96h。提取DNA后,PCR扩增,在阳性对照处扩增出需要的目的条带。研究结果表明,该分离毒株为典型的鹅细小病毒(Goose Parvovirus,GPV)。     

不同工艺制备的水产开口饵料溶失规律试验研究

为了比较不同工艺制备的水产开口饵料中不同成分的溶失规律,试验对挤出滚圆法、挤出滚圆-流化床包衣法及膨化破碎法制备的饵料进行了质量损失率、粗蛋白溶失率、游离氨基酸(FAA)溶失率的比较研究,结果表明:膨化破碎工艺制备的开口饵料质量损失率、粗蛋白的溶失率和游离氨基酸的溶失率均高于挤出滚圆工艺;包衣没有明显改善饵料的溶失情况;游离氨基酸的溶失速度非常快,入水初期几乎全部溶失(5 min内溶失率就达到53.54%～91.71%)。     

小鹅瘟与鹅几种常见病的鉴别诊断

小鹅瘟(Goose parvovirus,GP)又称得舍氏(Derzsy)病、小鹅病毒性肠炎、鹅细小病毒感染等,是由小鹅瘟病毒引起的一种急性或亚急性的败血性传染病.本病多发生于2～30 日龄内的雏鹅,特别是以10日龄时发病率和死亡率最高,其发病率和病死率随雏鹅日龄增大而降低.病鹅表现为食欲减退甚至废绝、精神不振、嗜睡,两腿麻痹或痉挛;肛门向外突出,周围被毛潮湿并沾有污染物,排出灰白色或者淡黄色稀粪便,常混有气泡.     

不同日粮类型及营养水平对肉牛增重效果的研究

选用12月龄左右的西黄杂交一代公牛24头,按营养水平不同随机分成试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三组,进行了为期60天的试验。试验结果表明:高营养水平组(试验Ⅲ)增重最快,日增重分别比中(试验Ⅱ)、低(试验Ⅰ)营养水平组提高了8.85%(P>0.05)和12.15%(P<0.05)。单位增重饲料成本,以低营养水平组最低,分别比中、高营养水平组降低了12.05%和21.51%。经综合评定以低营养水平组试验效果最好,其经济效益分别比中、高营养水平组提高17.86%和37.82%,差异明显。     

不同液体日粮对断奶前犊牛生长发育影响的研究进展

现代化、规模化的奶牛养殖牧场中犊牛液体日粮主要包括初乳、常乳、异常乳和代乳粉等,尤其是异常乳使用较多;通常在液体日粮饲喂犊牛过程中会使用巴氏杀菌、酸化、发酵和添加营养增强剂等方式进行处理.目前关于如何使用液体日粮以达到较高安全性、利用价值和养殖效益一直争议不断,特别是对于异常乳的使用已成为研究热点.本文对不同液体日粮对...     

鹅副黏病毒胶体金检测卡的研究

将制备的抗鹅副黏病毒(GPMV)JG04株单克隆抗体3A5标记胶体金颗粒,提纯的鸡IgG(抗JG04株GPMV)喷涂在NC膜上,建立检测GPMV的快速夹心胶体金免疫层析检测卡(ICS)。该检测卡检测鸡减蛋综合征病毒、传染性法氏囊炎病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、小鹅瘟病毒鸡胚或鸭胚尿囊液和麻疹病毒、犬瘟热病毒细胞培养物呈阴性,与鹅副黏病毒、孔雀源新城疫毒株,鸽源新城疫毒株、新城疫La sota株、鸡源新城疫病毒的尿囊液出现阳性反应。敏感性试验结果表明,该检测卡可检出血凝效价为24以上的鹅副黏病毒尿囊液。     

我国对生长鹅日粮纤维营养的研究

<正>鹅以草食为主,耐粗饲,可以大量利用牧草,不与人争粮;鹅肉是高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇的保健食品。随着人们对鹅肉需求量的不断增加,我国养鹅业发展迅速,开始走上产业化道路。2006年,我国鹅出栏量近6亿只,占世界总数的90%以上。鹅饲养的产业化迫切需要确定舍饲条件下鹅的营养需要。然而,目前国内外缺乏对鹅生理、营养、饲     

鹅饲料营养价值评定的研究进展

鹅饲料营养价值评定是研究其营养需要量的基础,也是配制最佳饲料配方的关键,对提高养鹅业的生产效率、节约饲料资源具有重要意义。本文对其研究现状、存在问题、解决方案进行了综述,旨在为今后鹅饲料营养价值评定提供参考。     

我国对生长鹅日粮纤维营养的研究

主要从鹅消化利用日粮纤维的能力、日粮适宜纤维水平、不同纤维源对鹅的影响三个方面进行综述,进一步明确生长鹅对日粮纤维利用研究的现状和疑点,为鹅的纤维营养研究及鹅饲养标准的制定提供理论依据。     

不同蛋白日粮对山羊瘤胃环境参数的影响

试验采用4×3拉丁方试验设计,研究豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、玉米酒糟4种不同蛋白质日粮对3只徐淮白山羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响。结果表明,4种不同蛋白源日粮对山羊瘤胃内环境有显著的影响,玉米酒糟组pH值最高;豆粕和棉籽粕组氨氮浓度与玉米酒糟组相比差异显著(P<0.05),与菜籽粕组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);4种蛋白源的瘤胃总VFA浓度分别为87.44、66.67、80.63、82.73mmol/l,其中以豆粕组最高,显著高于菜籽粕组(P<0.05),极显著高于棉籽粕组(P<0.01);以棉籽粕组最低,极显著低于其它3组。     

Utilisation of different cereals in broiler diets

1. Wheat, yellow maize, pearl millet (bajra) and sorghum (white jowar) were analysed for proximate constituents, tannins and available carbohydrates. Metabolisable energy (ME) contents were determined.

2. Each cereal was included in diets of equal nitrogen and energy content at two contents to contribute 4–2 or 6–3 MJ ME/kg for feeding to broilers from 1 to 6 weeks of age.

3. Weight gains were better with the lower inclusion rates of millet, wheat and maize than with the higher. Food utilisation was better with the higher inclusion rates of millet and sorghum than with the lower.

4. In terms of weight gain millet was significantly better than wheat or sorghum at the lower inclusion rate and better than wheat at the higher inclusion rate. In terms of food conversion millet was significantly better than wheat or maize at either inclusion rate and better than sorghum at the lower inclusion rate.

5. At the lower inclusion rate the cereals ranked millet > maize > wheat > sorghum for efficiency of energy deposition and millet > wheat > maize > sorghum for efficiency of protein deposition. At the higher inclusion rate for both efficiencies of energy and protein deposition, the cereals ranked millet > sorghum > maize > wheat.