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1.
Various procedures for artificial insemination in tench, Tinca tinca (L.) were re-examined with evaluation of fecundity of males and females among different tench strains. The objectives of
this study were to enhance fertilization and hatching rates through optimization of the activation solution, the insemination
process, the activation of gametes, and the elimination of eggs stickiness. Sperm for all experiments was collected directly
into immobilization solution of modified Kurokura solution containing 180 mM of NaCl and stored at 2 °C for 2.5–5 h prior
to the experiment. When dechlorinated tap water was used for activation a gamete ratio of 1150 spermatozoa per egg showed
the best significant fertilisation and hatching rates. Optimal ratio between eggs (weight in g) and activation solution (in
cm3) was 1:1. Different concentrations of activation solutions such as NaCl from 0 to 68 mM (0–136 mOsmol kg−1) without buffer statistically decreased fertilization and hatching rates. The activation solution containing 17 mM of NaCl,
10 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8 and 9 significantly increased fertilization and hatching rates compared to dechlorinated tap water of
pH 7 or activation solution containing 17 mM of NaCl, 10 mM Tris–HCl, pH 6 and 7. Adhesiveness of the eggs was successfully
removed by incubation in Alcalase and activity: 3.16 Anson units per cm3. 相似文献
2.
This study tested KUROKURA solution (Kurokura et al., 1984, Aquaculture 37, 267–274) and its modifications (by increasing NaCl content to 160, 180 and 200 mM) on immobilizing properties for sampling and short-term preservation of potential motility of tench spermatozoa. The immobilizing solution is used because, when collected, the sperm of most samples is contaminated by urine, causing spermatozoa to be of poor quality, with low motilities and velocities (almost 0), thus resulting in a worsened fertilization and hatching rate. Sperm was sampled with a syringe containing an immobilizing solution (IS), allowing an IS:sperm ratio of 2:1, under aerobic conditions at 0–4°C. This sperm solution was stored for 10 h and untreated sperm was collected prior to fertilization as a control. Spermatozoa quality was evaluated for the cell motility and velocity parameters and also for fertilization ability and hatching rate. Results obtained for tench sperm motility, velocity, fertilization and hatching rate showed that only sperm collected in the various immobilizing solutions can be successfully used for artificial insemination and preservation after 10 h at 0–4°C. The best immobilizing solution was found to be KUROKURA 180 (180 mM NaCl, 2.68 mM KCl, 1.36 mM CaCl2· 2H2O and 2.38 mM NaHCO3), giving a fertility and hatching rate of 41%, with no change in rates after 10 h storage of sperm. Control sperm without immobilizing solution showed a fertilization and hatching rate of only 6–7%. 相似文献
3.
Otomar Linhart Steve D. Mims Boris Gomelsky Ana E. Hiott William L. Shelton Jacky Cosson Marek Rodina David Gela Jan Bastl 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(4):357-368
Changes in ionic composition as Na+,K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, osmolality inseminal fluid, percentage of motile spermatozoaand velocity were investigated in response toCPP and different dosage of LHRHa. The lowestvelocity of sperm was observed after use CPPtreatment. The velocity of spermatozoa,significant main effect of the treatment(P < 0.0001) and the time of sperm collection(P < 0.0104) were evaluated. The osmolality ofseminal fluid was different betweenexperimental groups of LHRHa (48.0–62.7mOsmol.kg–1) and CPP (33.0–46.3mOsmol.kg–1) treatments. The osmolalitywas significantly higher on the first day andone-half, then declined on day three, rangingfrom 33.0 to 62.7 mOsmol.kg–1. Analysisof variance showed significant main effects ofthe treatment (P < 0.0001) and the time ofsperm collection (P < 0.0002) on the osmolalityof seminal fluid. The level of Na+ andK+ ion was different between experimentalgroups of LHRHa and CPP treatment. The highestconcentration of 11.11 mmol.l–1 wasobserved at Na+ ion. Then theconcentrations declined on the level 1.56, 0.52and 0.36 mmol.l–1 for K+, Ca2+and Mg2+ ions, respectively. There werehighly positive correlations between osmolalityof seminal fluid and dosage of LHRHa treatment(r = 0.84), velocity of spermatozoa andosmolality of seminal fluid (r = 0.57) andosmolality of seminal fluid and Na+concentration at seminal fluid (r = 0.70).Injection with LHRHa increased quality of spermas velocity of sperm, level of Na+,K+ and osmolality at seminal fluidcompared to CPP treatments. 相似文献
4.
Large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea, exhibit sexually dimorphic growth, with females growing faster and reaching larger adult sizes than males. Thus, development
of techniques for preferentially producing females is necessary to optimize production of these species. We have established
a protocol to produce all-female croaker P. crocea through induction of meiotic gynogenesis with homologous sperm. The first set of experiments investigated the ultra-violet
(UV) irradiation on sperm motility and duration of sperm activity to determine the optimal UV dosage for genetic inactivation
of sperm, yet retaining adequate motility for activation of eggs. Milt from several males was diluted 1:100 with Ringer’s
solution and UV irradiated with doses ranging from 0–150 J cm−2. The results indicated that motility and duration of activity generally decreased with increased UV doses. At UV doses greater
than 105 J cm−2, after fertilization, motility was <10% and fertilization rates were significantly lower. Highest hatching rate was obtained
at 75 J cm−2. A second set of experiments was carried out to determine appropriate conditions of cold shock for retention of the 2nd polar
body in P. crocea eggs after fertilization with UV-inactivated sperm by altering the timing, temperature and duration of shock. At 20°C, shock
applied at 3 min after fertilization resulted in higher survival rate of larvae at 6 h after hatching. Results of different
combinations of three shock temperatures (2°C, 3°C or 4°C) and five shock durations (4 min, 8 min, 12 min, 16 min or 20 min)
at 3 min after fertilization demonstrated that shocks of 12 min gave highest production of diploid gynogens. Statistical analysis
revealed that maximum production of diploid gynogens (44.55 ± 2.99%) were obtained at 3°C. The results of this study indicate
that the use of UV-irradiated homologous sperm for activation of P. crocea eggs and cold shock for polar body retention is an effective method for producing gynogenetic offspring. 相似文献
5.
The physiological relevance of the teleost pseudobranch as a remnant of a reduced gill arch is still unclear. Numerous hypotheses
have been proposed regarding its physiological role, but direct confirmatory evidence is lacking. The close relationship by
serial blood flow arrangement with the fish eye’s choroid rete has sparked the idea that pseudobranchial preconditioning of blood pH may facilitate initiation of the Root effect and thus
support the establishment of high oxygen tensions for retinal diffusive supply. This idea was critically tested by studies
on isolated pseudobranchs in situ (Oncorhynchus mykiss), perfused with RBC/Ringer or RBC/plasma suspensions of widely varied composition (pH 7.4–8.2). Detailed analysis of inflowing
as compared to effluent perfusates indicated normal aerobic metabolism expressed by a rise in Pco2 (+0.39 ± 0.13 mmHg
), an oxygen utilization of 25% and a high oxygen consumption of ∼400 nmol g−1 min−1. Upon passage of the pseudobranch, pH (corrected for Haldane effect) was only slightly acidified (−0.03 to −0.10), [HCO3
−] and [lactate] were slightly enhanced (+0.51 mmol l−1 or 0.13 mmol l−1, respectively). In order to test for yet unknown plasma components involved in pseudobranch function, a second series of
experiments was conducted using RBC-suspensions in fresh plasma instead of Ringer, with results closely resembling those of
the RBC/Ringer series. Lacking any physiologically significant correlation with the level of perfusate pH, the obtained data
indicate pseudobranchial basic metabolic activity rather than pH regulatory characteristics. Also the observed absolute changes
in pH are negligible in terms of pH regulation towards the Root-threshold. Accordingly, the present experiments as well as
plausibility evaluation of mechanisms do not support the idea of blood pH pre-adjustment prior to entry into the choroid rete structure of the teleost eye to facilitate the Root-mediated oxygen release. 相似文献
6.
Otomar Linhart Marek Rodina Martin Flajshans Nicola Mavrodiev Jana Nebesarova David Gela Martin Kocour 《Aquaculture International》2006,14(1-2):9-25
The tench Tinca tinca is an interesting fish from the viewpoint of polyploidy and related atypical reproduction aspects. Triploid tench were produced
artificially. Studies of spermiation as well as of sperm motility and structure were performed on several triploid and diploid
males simultaneously with individual experimental crosses with diploid females to define their reproductive capacities. The
testes of triploids visually looked less developed in the most of cases with lower sperm production (0.05 cm3 sperm per male), GSI and weight of testes compared to diploids (0.58 cm3 sperm per male). Analysis of variance showed significant influence of ploidy level on the percentage of motile spermatozoa.
Triploidy did not change percentage of live spermatozoa and velocity of spermatozoa at the first time of sperm movement. The
study of sperm structure by scanning electron microscopy revealed that most sperm cells were of normal structure with some
anomalies. Sperm heads of triploid and diploid males were mostly round-shaped, 1.86±0.2 and 1.6±0.18 μm in diameter. The midpiece
of triploid spermatozoa was slightly narrower than that of diploid ones with typical cylindrical shape. Flow cytometry revealed
sperm cells of triploids to be largely aneuploid (1.47 n) with high mosaic DNA, oscillating from haploid DNA content (1.0 n)
to diploid DNA content (1.9 n). Experimental crosses between triploid males and diploid females revealed that these males
were capable to stimulate effective development with relatively high level of fertilization and hatching rates from 0 to 70%.
In conclusion, triploidization does not seem to guarantee sterility of tench. 相似文献
7.
J. F. Asturiano L. Pérez D. L. Garzón F. Marco-Jiménez D. S. Peñaranda J. S. Vicente M. Jover 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2004,30(3-4):283-293
The high sperm density, together with the short spermatozoa swimming time, makes European eel sperm manipulation and assessment
for quality difficult. Two diluting media (K15 and K30) previously designed for Japanese eel sperm were tested. After 24 h,
European eel sperm showed significant reduction in the percentage of motile spermatozoa after activation and different motility
parameters (VAP, angular velocity; VCL, curvilinear velocity; VSL, straight line velocity; BCF, beating cross frequency),
concluding that these media are not suitable to preserve the sperm of this species. After a hormonal treatment to induce spermiation,
sperm volume, density and motility were recorded at weekly samplings. The variation of the osmolality (325–330 mOsm kg−1), pH (8.4–8.6) and the ionic composition (concentration of Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) of the seminal plasma were registered. Physio-chemical results were related with sperm quality throughout the treatment,
to determine which must be the suitable characteristics of one extender for the sperm of this species, and to find the best
conditions to obtain suitable cryopreservation media for European eel sperm. K+ concentration increased, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations showed a progressive reduction in correlation with the sperm quality improvement. Na+ showed a decreasing, but not significant tendency. P1 and P2 freezing media were designed considering the physio-chemical
parameters as well as the ionic composition shown by the best quality sperm samples, and then compared with the previously
described solutions, TNK and K30. Sperm quality was determined, checking the percentage of motile spermatozoa and motility
parameters using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) software. Samples were frozen after dilution (1:5, 1:20, 1:100) in
different freezing media supplemented with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). After thawing, samples frozen with low dilution
ratio (1:5) in TNK and P1 media showed higher, although not significant, spermatozoa survival (35.5 ± 14.5 and 36.6 ± 6.7%).
The addition of l-α-phosphatidylcholine to the media seems to have a positive effect, as reported in the Japanese eel. 相似文献
8.
An experiment was conducted to compare the potency of different levels of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) for increasing the sperm counts in sexually mature male Oreochromis niloticus (L.). One hundred males (106.49 ± 3.59g, 15.2 7 ± 0.20 cm) were randomly distributed in four treatment groups, each receiving intramuscular injections of: (i) control, 0.05 ml phosphate-buffered saline, (ii) 10 μg kg-1 LHRHa, (iii) 20 μ kg-1 LHRHa and (iv) 30 μ kg-1 LHRHa. Sperm counts were determined prior to injection (day 0) and for four consecutive days (days 1 to 4) thereafter. Results showed a significant increase in sperm counts (P < 0.01) 1 day after injection among males injected with 10 to 20 μ kg-1 LHRHa. The effect of injecting 30 μ kg-1 LHRHa is similar to that in the control group. Across all treatments, sperm counts declined with time over the 4-day sampling period. 相似文献
9.
B. Piros J. Glogowski R. Kolman A. Rzemieniecki J. Domagala Á. Horváth B. Urbanyi A. Ciereszko 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2002,26(3):289-295
This paper provides data concerning biochemical composition of milt of two sturgeon species, Siberian sturgeon bred in aquaculture
facility of Inland Fisheries Institute in North Poland and sterlet (from two different populations from Danube and Odra).
Milt plasma of Siberian sturgeon and sterlet, when compared to teleost fish, is characterized by much lower osmolality (up
70 to 96 mOsm kg−1) and protein concentration (0.24–0.58 g l−1). In spite of the presence of an acrosome and acrosin the antiproteinase activity of seminal plasma was low (12.79–25.40 U l−1). Activities of arylsulfatase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase were found in spermatozoa. This agrees with the presence of an
acrosome in sturgeons sperm. Similarly to mammals, these enzymes are also present in milt plasma. We determined a range of
enzymatic activities from the minimal (seminal plasma) to the maximal damage (supernatants obtained after freezing-thawing
without cryoprotectant). Activities of arylsulfatase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lactic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase
were released from spermatozoa after freezing-thawing. For this reason they are good potential candidates as a markers of
cryoinjury to sperm acrosome and midpiece.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
The tolerance of striped trumpeter, Latris lineata (Bloch and Schneider 1801) embryos to ozonated seawater was examined as a possible means of disinfection. The effect of a range of ozone doses and exposures (CT = concentration × exposure time) was tested at different stages of embryonic development. Three-day-old embryos two-thirds developed around the yolk were exposed for 0.5, 1 or 5 min to ozone concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg O3 l−1 in a fully orthogonal factorial design. For each treatment there were four replicate 250 ml containers that each received 100 ± 15 embryos. There was no significant difference in hatching success between control-treated embryos or embryos ozonated at 0.5 or 1 mg O3 l−1 for 0.5, 1 or 5 min (P < 0.05). However, hatching success was significantly reduced when embryos were treated with 2 or 5 mg O3 l−1 for 5 min or 5 mg l−1 O3 for 1 min (P < 0.05). The tolerance of embryos to 0, 0.5 or 2 mg O3 l−1 for 1 min at different stages of development (Day 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4), was then examined. An ozone concentration of 0.5 mg l−1 had no effect on hatching success at any stage of development, but a concentration of 2 mg l−1 significantly reduced hatching success on all days except Day 3. A safe and tested hatchery practise is to disinfect striped trumpeter embryos with 1 mg O3 l−1 for 1 min on Day 3 post-fertilisation when the embryo is two-thirds developed around the yolk. 相似文献
11.
ZdzisŁaw Zakęś Krystyna Demska-Zakęś PrzemysŁaw Jarocki Konrad Stawecki 《Aquaculture International》2006,14(1-2):127-140
The effect of feeding frequency (one, three, and continuous feeding), feed ration (0.2, 0.5, 0.8% of total fish biomass),
and feeding per se on the oxygen consumption (OC, mg O2 kg−1 h−1) and ammonia excretion (AE, mg TAN kg−1 h−1) of juvenile tench (body weight 15–19 g) and variations in these parameters in daily cycles were examined. Fish metabolism
was studied in a recirculating system (rearing tanks of 0.2 m3, water temperature 23 °C). It was found that oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion depended significantly on feed ration.
An increase of feed ration from 0.2 to 0.8% of fish biomass caused an increase of OC and AE from 126.80 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 and 1.95 mg TAN kg−1 h−1 to 187.35 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 and 8.80 mg TAN kg−1 h−1 (p<0.05). There was no dependence between feeding frequency and the mean rate of oxygen consumption. However, the relationship
between feeding frequency and ammonia excretion by juvenile tench was statistically significant (p<0.05). Feeding frequency significantly affected daily fluctuations of AE and OC. It was found that diurnal variations in
metabolic rates were strictly related to tench feeding, and the daily variations of AE were significantly higher than OC. 相似文献
12.
Mohsen Pourasadi Bahram Falahatkar Ghobad Azari Takami 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(4):317-321
A minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) for the removal of ovulated eggs from Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus was tested on broodstocks caught from the wild to determine whether it affected fecundity or hatching rates compared with
the traditional stripping method of killing and removing the eggs (commonly used in hatchery). Morphological parameters of
females, germinal vesicle (GV) position, weight of obtained egg, number of eggs/gram, fertilization rate, and percentage of
hatching during incubation were not significantly different between the MIST and traditional stripping methods. Obtained ova
were 4.8 ± 0.4 kg female−1 in the MIST and 4.6 ± 0.5 kg female−1 in traditional stripped groups, respectively; the fertilization rate was 83.4 ± 11.2% and 80.0 ± 7.2% in groups, respectively.
The results of this study showed that the minimally invasive surgical technique approach is efficient, practical, and less
stressful to Persian sturgeon broodstocks during artificial propagation than other reported egg collection procedures. 相似文献
13.
Ahmad Noori Bagher Mojazi Amiri Alireza Mirvaghefi Daniel W. Baker 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(6):871-877
To induce synchronized ovulation, migrating wild Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) females were treated with two interperitoneal injections of Des‐Gly10, d ‐Ala6 LHRH (LHRHa), given 3 days apart. Two injections of 100 μg kg?1 body weight of this hormone effectively induced ovulation. Within 27 days from the second injection, all fish injected with 100 μg kg?1 LHRHa had ovulated compared with 54.5% of the controls. The mean time to ovulation was reduced significantly (P<0.05) from 31.67±4.84 days in control fish and 28.83±7.31 days in sham‐treated fish to 16.36±1.61 days in fish injected with 100 μg kg?1 LHRHa. The fertilization rate in 50 and 100 μg kg?1 LHRHa‐injected fish was significantly lower than that in the control fish (P<0.05). In fish injected with 50 and 100 μg kg?1 LHRHa, significant (P<0.05) changes in testosterone (T) and 17α‐hydroxyprogestrone (OHP) levels were observed. After the second LHRHa injection, the fish injected with 100 μg kg?1 showed the highest serum levels of testosterone and OHP. These results demonstrate that the use of LHRHa can effectively reduce the mean time to ovulation and induce synchronized ovulation in Caspian brown trout. 相似文献
14.
Concentration, ability to motility, motility during the second activation (reactivation), and endogenous respiration were
studied in sperm from two experimental groups of carp males. Group 1 was maintained for 7 days at 15°C (cold water (CW) group),
whereas the second group was subjected to a temperature of 20°C (warm water (WW) group) before sperm sampling. Reactivation
were achieved after incubation of firstly activated sperm in media with osmotic pressure adjusted up to 300 mOsm*kg−1 by increasing K+ concentration. Statistically significant reduction of spermatozoa concentration in CW samples versus WW (from 46.0 ± 12.5
(15°C) to 59.3 ± 7 109 (20°C) spermatozoa /ml) have been observed. The sperm of the CW group required a significantly longer incubation time (37 min)
under isotonic conditions to achieve a maximum percentage of potent motility at repeated activation than the WW group (23 min).
After activation of sperm motility, an increase of respiration rate up to maximum level has been found, this level remained
the same under condition of recovering the potential to repeated activation. During the sperm movement respiration rate, in
CW group (6.1 nmolO2/min/109spermatozoa) and WW (3.9 nmolO2/min/109spermatozoa), was significant higher compared to nonactivated sperm (2.4 nmolO2/min/109spermatozoa for CW and 1.1 nmolO2 /min/109spermatozoa for WW). And keeping males for 7 days at 15°C increase the respiration rate of sperm. 相似文献
15.
Changes in Ca2+ content and flux, and the development of skin chloride cells in embryos and larvae of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were studied. Tilapia embryos hatched within 96h at an ambient temperature of 26–28°C. Total body Ca2+ content was maintained at a constant level, about 4–8 nmol per individual, during embryonic development. However, a rapid
increase in body Ca2+ level was observed after hatching, 12.8 to 575.3 nmol per individual from day 1 to day 10 after hatching. A significant influx
and efflux of Ca2+ occurred during development, with the average influx rate for Ca2+ increasing from 5.9 pmol mg−1 h−1 at 48h postfertilization to 47.8 pmol mg−1 h−1 at 1 day posthatching. The skin was proposed as the main site for Ca2+ influx before the development of gills, and the increased Ca2+ influx may be ascribed to gradual differentiation of skin surface and chloride cells during embryonic development. Ca2+ efflux was 16–56 pmol mg−1 h−1 in 1-day-old larvae. The resulting net influx of Ca2+, 10–12 pmol mg−1 h−1, accounted for the increased Ca2+ content after hatching. When comparing the measured and estimated ratios of efflux and influx, active transport was suggested
to be involved in the uptake of Ca2+. Chloride cells, which may be responsible for the active uptake of Ca2+, started to differentiate in the skin of embryos 48h after fertilization, and the density of chloride cells increased following
the development. A possibility of active transport for Ca2+ in early developmental stages of tilapia is suggested. 相似文献
16.
《水生生物资源》2001,13(6):455-460
The potential of carp pituitary powder (CPP) at one dose, or the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue, des–Gly10,(d–Ala6)–LH-RH–ethylamide, at three different doses to stimulate spermiation in paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) was tested. Single injections of the LH-RH analogue at 0.2, 0.1, or 0.05 mg·kg–1 increased the number of spermatozoa per kilogram of body weight (kg–1 b.w.) by 4.7, 3.4, and 3.4 times respectively compared to control, but the number of spermatozoa per kilogram of body weight decreased with CPP (4 mg·kg–1) by 1.7 times compared to the control. The LH-RH analogue prolonged active spermiation, with numbers of spermatozoa ranging from 7.69 to 1.19 × 109 kg–1 b.w. up to 96 h after treatment. Analysis of variance showed significant influence of experimental groups on volume of sperm per male and per kilogram of body weight, and the total number of spermatozoa per kilogram of body weight, but insignificant influence on the total number of spermatozoa per male. The percentage of motile spermatozoa was not different between experimental groups for sperm collection at different times after injection. A very high positive correlation (r = 0.93) was obtained between sperm concentration and sperm transmittance measured with a spectrophotometer. This relationship was described with the following linear regression: sperm concentration (× 109 mL–1) = 1.3244 X–0.9969, where X is the percentage of sperm transmittance. 相似文献
17.
The effects of a single injection of mammalian superactive analogue [d ‐Ser(tBu)6,Pro9‐NEt]‐LHRHa (20 μg/ kg?1) combined with the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol (HAL, 0.5 mg kg?1), for induction of ovulation in the koi carp broodstocks were determined under routine hatchery conditions. The results were compared with classic carp pituitary extract (CPE, double injection) application (water temperature 22 °C). Physiological saline (0.7% NaCl)‐injected fish were used as a control group and no ovulation occurred in this group. The spawning ratio was high in the LHRHa+HAL treatment group and in the CPE treatment group (6/7 and 5/7 respectively). The latency period was 14–16 h in the LHRHa+HAL treatment group and 12–14 h in the CPE treatment group (after the second injection). There was no difference between the two ovulating groups with respect to the spawning index (the weight of eggs as a percentage of female body weight) and fertilization rate of eggs (P>0.05). As a result, ovulation can be induced successfully in koi carp broodstocks with 20 μg kg?1 [d ‐Ser(tBu)6,Pro9‐NEt]‐LHRHa+0.5 mg kg?1 HAL treatment in a single injection without decreasing the egg quality. Application of this combination can be useful for hatchery and broodstock management in koi carp culture. 相似文献
18.
Abstract. The sperm of tench, Tinca tinca L., is characterized by a milky colour and consistency, and is of very low density. After collecting the sperm, motion of spermatozoa was recorded even without water activation. A better motility value (value 4·36 on average) was observed in spermatozoa collected in immobilizing solution (collecting medium) and stored for 3h, when compared with spermatozoa without collecting medium. Average total and relative numbers of spermatozoa were 12·16 × 109 per male and 18·50 × 109 per kg of body weight, respectively. When testing the effect of activating solution in artificial propagation of tench, the highest fertilization rates (81·3 and 85% in two cases) were found for NaCl solution with an osmotic concentration of 34 or 69 mOsmol and for fresh water, respectively. The fertility rate was reduced significantly ( P < 0·01) by any increase above 105 mOsmol in NaCl concentration in the activating solution. In the tests of optimal method of artificial fertilization, the highest hatching rate of sac fry (71·35%) was found in sperm collected into immobilizing solution. The application of immobilizing solution significantly increased the number of sac fry at the levels P < 0·1 and P < 0·01, if compared with intact sperm stored for 3 h and fresh sperm, respectively. 相似文献
19.
《水生生物资源》2003,16(5):450-456
This study summarizes optimization of techniques for common carp artificial propagation including improvements of activation solution (AS), the process of insemination, and elimination of egg stickiness. The optimum gamete ratio for good fertilization and hatching rate ranged from 8490 to 23 672 spermatozoa per egg, when dechlorinated tap water was used. Optimal ratio between eggs (weight in g) and AS (in ml) was defined as 1:1 to 1:2. Different concentrations of AS such as NaCl from 0 to 34 mM (0–68 mOsmol kg–1) did not change fertilization and hatching rates. An AS adopted for carp spermatozoa (45 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8) was compared with other saline AS; only the 51 mM (102 mOsmol kg–1) NaCl solution decreased fertilization and hatching rate. The AS containing 20 mM Tris–HCl at pH 9 increased fertilization and hatching rates compared to dechlorinated tap water of pH 7 or to AS of pH 6 and 7. Adhesiveness from the eggs was successfully removed by incubation in Alcalase DX (PLN 04715) using two successive steps with different enzyme concentrations. The first step with an enzyme concentration of 2 ml l–1 was applied from 8 to 20 min after fertilization. Later in a second step, the best time for application of alcalase enzyme at a concentration of 20 ml l–1 was for 45 and 60 s at 20 min after fertilization leading to fertilization and hatching rates of 80–87%. The α-Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1. Merck) was also found effective for elimination of stickiness. Results with α-Chymotrypsin enzyme indicate that the response to success in elimination of stickiness is highly variable mainly due to differences in the environment, quality of water and carp strains. 相似文献
20.
Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in sea bream, Sparus aurata using a direct competitive ELISA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. Katharios J. Iliopoulou-Georgudaki S. Antimisiaris V. Kantzaris M. Pavlidis 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2002,26(2):189-195
The pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in the serum of cultured sea bream, Sparus aurata, after a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg kg−1 body weight was studied by the use of direct competitive ELISA. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the serum concentrations versus
time points obtained was performed using non-comparmental analysis and a compartmental pharmacokinetic model approach. In
the latter case a two-compartment open model with a lag time gave the best fitting. The maximum peak serum concentration was
308.4 ng ml−1 at 2 h post treatment. The AUC of ivermectin was 10700 ng h ml−1 and the elimination half-life 15.37 h, indicating a rapid uptake, high bioavailability and fast elimination of the drug by
sea bream.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献