中国人口红利研究综述

人口红利是人口结构的一种。国内外学者们从不同的角度出发,对人口红利概念本身以及人口红利对社会、经济和文化的影响进行了各种实证和规范性研究。文章力图对过去学者们在人口红利上的成果进行归纳和总结,以为人口红利研究的发展提供一个前瞻性视野。     

“人口红利”效应与中国经济增长

中国经济“增长奇迹”源于多种因素,“人口红利”是其中最重要的因素之一.当前,我国的人口红利主要表现为较高的劳动人口比例和劳动力配置效率.但人口红利并非可持续.长期看,随着我国人口出生率下降,劳动参与率将下降；短期看,我国城乡劳动力流动障碍依然存在,不利于劳动力配置效率的进一步提高.因此,提高劳动力素质和消除城乡劳动力流动障碍,是实现我国人口红利效应最大化的重要措施.     

改革开放以来农民工教育培训的研究演变及发展态势

<正>农民工在中国现代工业发展与现代城市建设中发挥了特殊的历史作用。在新生代农民工大量涌入劳动力市场、我国进入新旧人口红利交替的时代背景下,加大农民工教育培训、创造新的人口红利,对于我国人口素质提升、经济可持续发展、城镇化现代化发展乃至于乡村振兴战略实施等均具有重要意义。学界关于农民工教育培训的研究可以回溯到20世纪90年代,关于农民工培训的研究始见于1995年的《应有对农民工培训的紧迫感》,     

浅析3C行业工业机器人发展及应用

3C电子产业属于劳动密集型产业,随着中国人口红利的消失,迫于人力成本的压力,"机器换人"的需求将逐渐得到释放,需求空间较大,故相关研究具有很强的现实价值。本文着重于阐述3C行业中工业机器人的应用,从使用者的角度预判市场的走向,对行业从业人员发展及相关企业投资决策提供一定帮助。     

我国高职院校订单式人才培养模式研究综述

近年来,我国高职院校一直大力推广"订单式"人才培养模式,学者们也对此进行了广泛研究.文章通过对国内已有研究成果进行系统性梳理,总结并提炼了当前关于"订单式"人才培养模式的研究亮点,对今后拓展相关研究的深度和广度都有一定的启发作用,对推进高等职业教育改革也具有重要的理论意义和现实基础.     

中国农村家庭养老问题研究综述

当今中国正逐步步入老龄化社会,养老问题,特别是农村养老问题就成为了一个战略难题,对家庭养老的研究又成为农村养老研究中的重要内容。本文主要就中国人口学核心期刊-《-人口研究》和《人口学刊》(1994年--2006年)中学者们围绕农村家庭养老的讨论进行了简单总结。     

昔日贫困村,一地生三金

2020年新年伊始,万象更新,到处热闹非凡。一阵噼噼啪啪的鞭炮声从山东省莱州市三山岛街道永盛埠村传了出来。村里的合作社正在召开一场别开生面的分红大会,社员们齐聚新永盛农机专业合作社,个个脸上洋溢着欢快的笑容。作为党支部领办合作社的股东,社员们兴奋地参加了莱州新永盛农机专业合作社分红大会,领取乡村振兴和扶贫攻坚给他们带来的丰盈红利。     

抽丝剥茧话分红:有赚头更有看头

春节前后,各地农机合作社分红的消息不断传来。社员们少则几千,多则几十万的红利让人艳羡不已。一叠叠厚厚的钞票,映红了一张张的笑脸……农机合作社真正做到了让社员们"站着就把钱赚了!"在前不久我们对"全国20佳农机合作社理事长"的调查问卷中,我们提出了"您的合作社社员以何种形式入社?合作社利润如何分配?"     

机器换人视域下农机化信息工作现状及建议

正一、当前农机信息化工作背景近年来,我国正慢慢步入老龄化社会,劳动力价格不断上涨,国际制造业高端化竞争趋势日益明显,人口红利优势不在,长三角、珠三角传统制造企业纷纷引进现代化、自动化的装备进行技术改造升级,各地纷纷出台"机器换人"意见,在全国范围内掀起"机器换人"浪潮。浙江审时度势,在农业领域率先在全国提出"机器换人"理念,以现代化、自动化的装     

内江地区农电员工队伍老龄化问题浅析

<正>当前,我国经济发展进入新常态,人口红利逐渐消失让我们面临一个极为严峻的社会问题——人口老龄化,这严重影响着我国社会、经济等各方面的发展,也对企业员工队伍更替管理提出十分巨大的挑战。本文主要探讨农电队伍的老龄化问题,重点介绍内江地区农电员工队伍的现状,浅析其存在的员工老龄化原因,列举员工老龄化对企业发展的影响,提出解决农电员工队伍老龄化问题的建议。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。