板栗新品系幼树发枝结果习性观测及修剪试验

经对24个板栗新品系幼树的发枝结果习性进行观测，结果表明，新品系平均结果枝占当年萌发枝的50％以上，且连续结果性能好，达到国家板栗丰产选种标准，对24个板栗新品系幼树1年生健壮枝作轻剪，中剪，重剪和不剪（缓放）4种修剪方法的试验，结果表明，经剪能显著促进幼树发枝和座果，中剪和缓放次之，重剪结实差，发枝少而壮。     

冬季修剪措施对薄壳山核桃‘威奇塔’幼树萌芽数、成枝量和果枝量的影响

为了研究冬季修剪措施(包括打头、轻剪、中剪、重剪和长放)对薄壳山核桃成枝的影响,采用4年生薄壳山核桃‘威奇塔’作为试验材料,探讨了不同修剪措施对‘威奇塔’幼树新枝长度、新枝粗度、萌芽数、成枝量、果枝量的影响.结果表明:打头、轻剪、中剪、重剪比长放的新枝长度增加了 19.40～33.73 cm,粗度增加了 0.41～0....     

短截对不同薄壳山核桃品种新发枝的影响

以江苏省林业科院资源圃保存的薄壳山核桃幼龄树为研究对象,于休眠期对1年生小短枝和徒长枝进行轻剪(短截1/3)、中剪(短截1/2)、重剪(短截2/3)、缓放(对照)4种处理,观察不同短截措施对1年生枝条的发枝数量和枝条类型的影响,结果表明:薄壳山核桃幼树1年生小短枝经轻剪处理和中剪处理后的发枝数、结果枝数、每果枝坐果数均...     

薄壳山核桃发枝结果习性及修剪试验初报

以漾濞核桃研究院内的薄壳山核桃无性系中幼龄树为观测对象,通过调查研究薄壳山核桃的发枝结果习性,以及进行1a生结果枝和未结果枝的轻剪、中剪、重剪、缓放4种修剪处理,分析中幼树的发枝规律和修剪对发枝结果的影响,以探讨合理的修剪方法。结果表明:薄壳山核桃结果母枝以萌发2~3个发育枝、3个以上雄花枝、1~2个结果枝为主;结果枝率较高,最高可达80%以上,果枝多表现为中短果枝;在4种处理中,1a生结果母枝的发枝数、结果枝数、坐果数都是中剪处理效果最好;1a生未结果枝3种修剪处理和对照相比,发枝数均高于对照,但结果枝数和坐果数均低于对照。     

北斗苹果幼树宜轻剪缓放

北斗苹果幼树宜轻剪缓放辽宁省果树研究所冯孝严等经试验比较认为，北斗苹果幼树年生长量大，修剪反应敏感。对１年生枝宜采用轻剪，成枝、总生长量较大，能迅速增加枝芽量，有利于扩大树冠。缓放能增加萌芽数，形成较多中、短枝，有利于幼树提早结果。一般轻剪仅剪去枝１...     

短枝型板栗品种(优系)性状分析与评价

为了解短枝型板栗品种和优系特性,对7个短枝型板栗品种(优系)在幼树生长结果、栗实品质等方面进行了调查分析,采用平均隶属度方法进行短枝型板栗品种(优系)的分析评价。结果表明,参试品种(优系)在生长结果、栗实外观以及营养品质等方面,有一定或较大差异。根据平均隶属度排序结果,‘下港短枝’、‘燕山短枝’、‘泰山短枝-10’综合性状较好,建议生产中推广应用。     

不同修剪方法对核桃幼树生长量的影响

为增强树势,提高抗性,以早实核桃"薄壳早"、"客龙早"、"珍珠核桃"、"川香"、"辽宁1号"和晚实核桃"清香"为试材,研究了不同修剪方法对不同品种核桃幼树生长量的影响。结果表明:(1)核桃幼树通过修剪以后,萌芽数量随修剪强度的增强而减少,但萌芽成枝力随修剪强度的增强而增强。(2)新梢伸长生长与粗生长均表现为重剪﹥中剪﹥轻剪﹥对照,且呈正相关,在6个核桃品种中,"薄壳早"的生长量最大。(3)叶片长度均表现为重剪﹥中剪﹥轻剪﹥对照,"薄壳早"和"客龙早"叶片长度增长明显。(4)核桃秋季栽植后,于次年春季及时修剪定干,修剪以重剪为主、中剪为辅,定干高度为30 cm~50 cm。     

早熟泰山板栗优系性状分析与综合评价

以早熟品种早丰、宋家早为对照,对选育的7个泰山板栗早熟优系在幼树生长结果、栗实品质等方面进行了调查分析,采用平均隶属度方法进行早熟板栗优系的分析评价。结果表明,7个板栗优系在结果母枝的发枝习性、幼树生长、单位面积产量、栗实外观以及营养品质等方面,与对照品种早丰、宋家早有一定或较大差异。以栗实单粒质量、单位面积产量、单粒质量标准差、含糖量等为主要评价指标,按照平均隶属度排序认为光华栗、上港早熟优系综合性状明显优于宋家早、早丰,黄前早熟、赵峪早熟等优系综合性状较好,建议生产推广应用。八亩地早熟表现产量偏低,不适宜泰安市及山东省丘陵山地发展。     

来年果树要丰产冬季修剪很关键

<正>板栗 (1)幼树的冬剪：栗树极喜光,因此要求培植成低干、中冠、少主干、少侧枝、多母枝的自然圆头形或自然开心形树体结构。冬剪时对选留的各级骨干枝的延长枝进行适当短截,疏除全部纤弱枝与个别竞争枝外,留下的不动,以利其顶芽向外延伸,扩大树冠。     

板栗的冬季管理

板栗的冬季管理对翌年的产量和质量以及对病虫害的防治都有很大的影响。现把板栗的几项冬季管理措施介绍如下: 一、整形修剪:冬剪的手法主要是疏枝和回缩,实行清码实膛,连年修剪,集中营养,立体结果。1.幼树的修剪以培育树形为主,少剪多留。2.结果树的修剪以增加结果母枝为主,促弱控强,疏除枯枝、病虫枝、细     

大樱桃壮旺幼树不同修剪方法和促花技术试验

为了研究整形修剪对大樱桃早期丰产的影响,通过稀植园和密植园大樱桃壮旺幼树的修剪试验,明确长放修剪方法可节省用工,有利于树体生育,成花早、株产高,尤其适用于密植园的大樱桃栽培。开始采用长放修剪的树龄,密植园大樱桃树宜在2～3年生,稀植园樱桃树宜在株问粗距1．5～2m时进行,截放修剪方法适用于即需扩冠又要较早结果的大樱桃壮旺幼树。短截修剪方法修剪量大,不利于大樱桃壮旺幼树的生长发育,结果晚,株产低,且费工,但对栽后缓苗期树或衰弱树还是适用的。刻芽枝条上叶丛皲数量明显增加,花束状果枝增加。摘心的长枝花枝率和后下部叶丛枝的花枝率明显增加。     

皱竹出笋成竹规律研究

对浙江临安引种的皱竹出笋成竹规律进行了研究,结果表明:皱竹出笋时间约始于5月12日,历时32d左右。退笋主要集中在初期和末期,其主要原因是营养不足。皱竹高生长遵循"慢-快-慢"的规律,昼夜高生长量变化不甚明显,在昼夜24h内出现2次生长高峰。     

不同断根处理对云南拟单性木兰苗木生长影响的研究

不同断根处理对云南拟单性木兰苗木生长影响的研究结果表明:切断苗木的侧根会对苗龄为5年生的云南拟单性木兰苗木地上部分的生长产生负效应而有利于促进新侧根的萌发,其影响程度与断根的强度有关。其苗木经断根处理后新根萌发较快,50天左右有新的侧根生出,其中以切断云南拟单性木兰大苗的全部侧根于切口喷200 mg.L-1的ABT生根粉的A处理的生根效果最好。断根3个月后每株苗木萌发的新侧根平均数为138.8根,根长≥5 cm的侧根平均数为38.4根,侧根深度达32 cm,最长侧根长度14.4 cm,其苗木的新根萌发已经较为充分,可以出圃种植而能保证有高的成活率。     

杨树修枝新方法与修枝技术研究

在分析现有3种主要杨树修枝方法的弊端的基础上,笔者成功探索了一种新的杨树修枝方法——年龄轮生枝法,在此基础上对杨树的修枝机理与必要性、修枝林分选择条件、修枝季节、修枝年龄与修枝对象、修枝质量标准、修枝工具等进行了新的研究,发现萌芽前一段时间是最佳的修枝季节。     

修枝和间伐对福建柏生长的影响

对16年生福建柏人工林开展修枝、修枝+间伐试验,2年后调查结果表明:修枝、间伐对福建柏树高生长有明显的促进作用;无论是修枝处理还是修枝+间伐处理,对福建柏胸径生长均未表现出明显的促进作用;修枝处理对于优化福建柏树体干形有着明显的作用,而间伐对树体干形的优化作用不大;修枝+间伐处理对单株材积有明显的促进作用,修枝处理的单株材积与对照差异不明显。修枝+间伐处理对不同坡位福建柏生长差异明显,树高、胸径、单株材积以中、下坡生长量大,上坡生长量小;树体干形中坡较上坡、下坡好。综合结果表明,福建柏选择中、下坡种植,采取修枝+间伐处理,对提高其产量及干形质量效果显著。     

The influence of severe shoot pruning on growth,carbon and nitrogen status in young peach trees (Prunus persica)

One-year-old peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were severely pruned in July by removing 60% of the shoots. Tree responses were analyzed in terms of architecture and nutritional status. Tree growth was recorded from July to September by nondestructive (leaf production, thickening and branching of the remaining secondary axes) and destructive measurements (biomass partitioning and concentrations of total nitrogen (N) and nonstructural carbohydrates (NC) in specific tissues). The dry weights of pruned trees were lower than those of control trees at the end of the growing season (i.e., 2.5 months after pruning), whereas shoot:root ratios were restored to the initial values. Tree response occurred in two stages. During the first 24 days following pruning, the growth components of the remaining secondary axes were similar to the control, and new secondary axes were produced. During the next 17 days, increases in both diameter and branching of secondary axes contributed to the maintenance of pruned tree growth rate (similar to that of control trees) and restoration of initial shoot:root ratios. No significant effect of pruning was observed on NC concentrations, whereas N concentrations increased in several organs of the pruned trees during the first growth period. The transient increase in internal N availability contributed to the initiation of new axes and the restoration of a more functional biomass partitioning between shoots and roots.     

三种地被竹出笋成竹生长规律比较研究

对黄条金刚竹(Pleioblastus kongosanensis f.aureostriaus)、鸡毛竹(鹅毛竹)(Shibataea chinensis)和南平倭竹(S.nanpingensis)3种地被竹的出笋、退笋和高生长3种生物学特征进行比较研究。结果表明:黄条金刚竹出笋期历时24 d,出笋后第6天至第16天进入出笋高峰期;鸡毛竹出笋期历时37 d,出笋后第6天至第25天进入出笋高峰期;南平倭竹出笋期历时33 d,出笋后第6天至第21天进入出笋高峰期;3竹种出笋数量和退笋数都呈"少—多—少"的趋势,出笋数:鸡毛竹(278株/m2)>南平倭竹(253株/m2)>黄条金刚竹(141株/m2);退笋数:南平倭竹(74株/m2)>鸡毛竹(63株/m2)>黄条金刚竹(33株/m2);3竹种的高生长都呈现"慢-快-慢"的趋势,呈logistic增长;3竹种昼生长量总体上高于夜生长量,在昼夜24h黄条金刚竹出现2次生长高峰,鸡毛竹出现3次生长高峰,南平倭竹出现1次生长高峰。     

日本落叶松种子园大龄母树去顶修枝试验初报

以长岭岗林场日本落叶松种子园大龄母树为研究对象,开展去顶及修枝试验,结果表明:去顶修枝对促进日本落叶松母树新生枝条萌发的效果显著,不同修剪强度之间萌条数量和质量差异显著,修剪强度越大新生萌条数量和质量越好;修剪后第4、5年雌雄球花数量均很少,与对照相当或少于对照,去顶修枝对促进花芽分化作用不明显。     

Influence of pruning and the climatic conditions on acorn production in holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) dehesas in SW Spain

Acorn production by Quercus ilex L. ssp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. in SW Spain was assessed, and variations between years and the influence of pruning on it were examined. To this end, an experimental study was conducted at two different sites (Calañas and San Bartolomé, in the province of Huelva) where trees were subjected to traditional (light, moderate or heavy) pruning and also to a new (crown-regeneration) pruning method. Acorn yield was quantified over a period of 5 years in the Calañas plot and 4 in the San Bartolomé plot, and found to average at 95.61 ± 0.76 g DM/m², which is equivalent to 6.5 ± 0.05 kg DM/tree; however, yield figures varied markedly between years depending on the particular climatic conditions. The average acorn production was correlated with the water potential in mid summer (end of July); the annual, spring and autumn rainfall; and the actual evapotranspiration for the period from September (previous year) to August. No significant differences in acorn production between traditional pruning intensities were detected; in fact, there were only hints that heavy pruning might result in decreased acorn yields. The new pruning method used, crown-regeneration, seems promising with a view to increasing acorn yield; however, it should be tested on larger sample sizes before any final conclusions can be drawn in this respect. Based on the results, the present health status of holm oaks in southwestern Spain (a result of sustained decline) and the low value of firewood — which used to be a very important source of income from pruning a few decades ago -, the authors recommend reducing the frequency and intensity of pruning in the dehesas of the study area.     

The effects of early and intense pruning on light penetration,tree growth,and epicormic shoot dynamics in a young hybrid larch stand

We examined the effect of early and intense pruning on light intensity under the canopy, individual growth, diameter–height relationships, and epicormic shoot dynamics in young hybrid larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) to establish a new effective management method for hybrid larch plantations. The objective is to produce high-quality wood while reducing silviculture costs using a combination of low-density planting and early and intense pruning. In a young hybrid larch plantation, we pruned branches to two different heights (2 and 4 m above ground level) using a no-pruning treatment as a control. Although the growth rates were lower in the heavy pruning treatment (4 m above the ground level) than in other treatments in the year following pruning, when measured 4 years later, growth did not differ between treatments. The number of epicormic shoots increased in the year following pruning, as did the relative photosynthetic photon flux density (rPPFD). The number of epicormic shoots was also dependent on the size of individual trees. However, survival of epicormic shoots was not sufficiently high to be problematic for high-quality timber production. If branches are pruned carefully such that the rPPFD does not rise above 20%, the emergence of epicormic shoots can also be controlled. Our results indicate that early and intense pruning is an effective component of a new management system for hybrid larch plantations.