基于大数据的本科生专业设置与调整研究

高等院校的本科生专业设置与调整受社会经济与需求等多因素影响。近年来经济持续高速发展,本科生专业设置与调整往往滞后于社会经济与就业需求。采用大数据技术可以及时有效地反映社会经济和就业对专业的需求,从而可以使专业设置与调整符合社会与经济发展的需要。     

Use of GnRH in livestock production--current position and new research data

The hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is seen as the key hormone of neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction. The ability of GnRH and its analogues to stimulate the release of the gonadotropins FSH and LH is world-wide utilized for various veterinary purposes, including treatment of certain hormone-dependent disturbances and stimulation of ovulation in controlled breeding programmes. A large difference is striking, however, when comparing the efficiencies reported. This may underline the importance of accurate treatment and reflect the manifold influences by animals and their environment on reproductive performance. During the last years, novel analytical methods have been established enabling a significant progress in reproductive research. The discovery and characterization of natural GnRH variants and their receptors in several vertebrate species may become more important.The reason is, that these GnRHs affect the release of the gonadotropins FSH and LH, but they may transmit, moreover, seasonal and nutritive signals to reproductive organs. It might be expected that the further exploration of these functions may serve as basis for the development of new and effective biotechnical methods in farm animal treatment.     

Development of a computerized dairy herd health data base for epidemiologic research

A computerized information system for disease surveillance, management and herd health service is presented. The objectives are to describe the incentive method of data collection used to maintain the participation of the farmers and veterinarians in the program, to describe techniques used to select cow records for epidemiologic research and to present incidence rates for the major dairy diseases seen during the study period, 1980–1984. Participating farmers recorded animal events on a daily basis, and their veterinarians recorded the results of all diagnoses and treatments. The data were processed and returned to the farmers and the veterinarians in weekly and monthly reports. The farmers and the veterinarians found that the reports returned to them were useful in managing the health of the herd, and this served as the incentive for continued participation in the program. Lactational incidence rates of the most common clinical dairy diseases were 17.5, 15.1 and 12.8% for metritis, mastitis and cystic follicles, respectively.     

Accuracy of data in abstracts of veterinary ophthalmology research articles published in peer-reviewed journals

Objective

Assess the accuracy of abstracts in published veterinary ophthalmology articles.

Procedures

Abstracts and contents of 204 original research articles in veterinary ophthalmology published in seven peer-reviewed journals between 2016–2020 were reviewed. Abstracts were considered inconsistent if they contained data that were either missing from or inconsistent with corresponding data in the article's body. Each abstract was graded between 0 (inaccurate) to 3 (accurate), and each inconsistency was subjectively classified as minor or major. The influence of selected variables was assessed: journal, impact factor, year of publication, number of words in abstract, study type (prospective/retrospective), and characteristics of the corresponding author [institution (academia/private practice), country of domicile (native/non-native English), number of publications].

Results

Most abstracts were accurate, with 1%, 4%, 9% and 86% receiving a score of 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. When detected, most inconsistencies were considered minor (77%). Although not statistically significant (p ≥ .130), the proportion of articles with a perfect score (=3) was higher in prospective (88%) vs. retrospective (81%) studies, academia (88%) vs. private practice (78%), and studies from corresponding authors domiciled in English (89%) vs. non-English (83%) speaking countries. A significant but very weak (r = −0.15 to −0.19; p ≤ .034) negative correlation was found between accuracy score and number of words, as well as 1-year and 5-year impact factors.

Conclusions

Although relatively uncommon, data in abstracts that are inconsistent or missing from the article's body do occur in veterinary ophthalmology articles, and could adversely influence a reader's interpretation of study findings.     

组织学生参加电子技能大赛的实践与探索

国家有关部门和专业协会组织的各类电子技能大赛作为培养高端技能型人才的一个平台,受到越来越多的高等职业院校的重视。近年来,西安理工大学高等技术学院在各类电子技能大赛中取得了优异的成绩,积累了一些经验。本文介绍了西安理工大学高等技术学院组织电子技能大赛的一些经验,对职业院校做好电子竞赛工作具有借鉴意义。     

Application of event time analysis to replacement, health and reproduction data in dairy cattle research

Life data statistical methods are proposed for the analysis of dairy cattle production data representing the time from one event to another. The Kaplan-Meier estimator of survival is described and its applications to dairy cattle data are exemplified with data sets of replacement times, time from calving to first case of mastitis and time from calving to first insemination. All data sets include censored data from cows for which the event had not been observed at the end of lactation or data collection period. A method for modifying replacement times to a standard calving interval is presented. A simple non-parametric test of homogeneity in two samples is described.     

Quality assurance of data collection and data processing in epidemiologic study data]

Quality assurance of the data generating processes in epidemiologic studies is a prerequisite for the internal validity of study results. This paper presents practical aspects of such a quality assurance system pertaining to the planning, data gathering, data entry and data processing phase of a study. It is concerned with data obtained in the framework of a project rather than with data accumulating continuously in private practices, research institutes or veterinary faculties. During the planning phase of a project, standard operating protocols should be developed that assure a reliable performance of observation, coding and data entry. The data base structure, consisting of tables, input validation rules and queries, should be predefined and well documented. A data safety concept will provide the necessary integrity, physical safety and availability of the data. The paper presents technical solutions to common data processing problems with emphasis on re-coding and relational data base facilities (Microsoft-ACCESS) using a hypothetical study on risk factors for mastitis.     

Problems and possibilities into the next decade involving beef cattle breeding research in the southern region: purebred field data banks.

Beef cattle field records can provide data to generate important research information. The challenge in using field data for animal breeding studies involves proper editing to remove erroneous records and formulating proper models to account for fixed effects and to estimate or predict effects of interest free of bias and(or) with minimum estimation error. Use of field data for testing hypotheses is limited due to the lack of control and knowledge of the conditions under which the data were collected. Therefore, designed studies and field data should be used together to answer important questions. Some of the possible projects that can use field records are the estimation of genetic and environmental relationships among economically important traits, defining environments over which genotype x environment interactions and heterogenous heritabilities are most likely to occur, and pinpointing important fixed effects that must be accounted or adjusted for in genetic prediction models. The goal of research involving field data has been and will continue to be to provide information to improve genetic prediction models and procedures and to provide producers with genetic values with which to make informed selection decisions with a high degree of confidence.