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1.
台湾省的土地资源非常有限,山地面积占73.65%,平地仅占26.35%,由於人口急速膨胀,大量向都市集中淤是都市范围不断扩张,使得广大山坡地成为重要开发之目标。本省山地约占2/3,因地形起伏大,加上降雨集中,一遇豪雨,雨水所汇集之迳流即流入溪流,迅速排出,无法渗透至地下,故集流时间短、洪峰流量大,成为台湾水文环境之特性。在资源有限,自然环境欠佳,而各种森林资源之开发、农地之利用、人口居住又面临迫切的需求下,如何兼顾资源的开发与保育,避免两者之间的冲突,集水区水资源的开发与划定亦是重要的课题之一。水里溪集水区位於台湾省中部,属浊水溪中游之水系,面积约7400hm2,包括明湖、明潭、日月潭等三个水库及钜工调整池。由於区内交通方便,游客众多,观光事业发达;另一方面,因本集水区的气候、土壤适宜栽种摈榔等经济作物,在有厚利可图的情况下,集水区内的土地纷纷改种槟榔,近年来更有大量种植的趋势,使得森林的覆盖减少,造成生态环境、微气候的改变,并对当地的水土冲蚀、水质、水量产生影响,故对於集水区的经营与管理,需有一合宜的监控模式。本集水区的环境日益恶化,究其原因乃为土地利用之改变,故本研究即利用遥测影像加以判释,了解其土地利?  相似文献   

2.
基于GIS的耕地遥感监测人机交互式图像解译系统   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
基于卫星遥感的耕地监测系统包括两部分内容:应用GIS的人机交互式遥感卫星图像解译;信息系统开发与应用。为满足农业部门经常性的对耕地数量变化的需求,该文提出应用GIS的人机交互式解译成图系统,适用于华北地区大面积陆地卫星遥感图像解译,解译速度和精度均较高。  相似文献   

3.
4.
福建省土地适宜性及使用变化研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
To present the current status of land quality and distribution and the trends in land use change, the physical suitability of cropland and forestland and the associated changes in Fujian Province were evaluated and analyzed using data obtained from geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Of the total land area of Fujian Province, first class suitable cropland accounted for only 4.21%, whereas unsuitable cropland accounted for 84.78%. The percentage of first class suitable cropland in the southeastern region (5.32%) was much higher than that in the northwestern area (2.91%). Only 13.63% of the existing cropland area consisted of first class cropland and 70.08% was classified as unsuitable for cultivation. Of the total land area of Fujian Province, the first class forestland comprised 55.25% and the unsuitable forestland (including third class) comprised 21.2%. The percentage of unsuitable forest area in the existing forestland was only 5.5%. From 1996 to 2001, cropland and unused land decreased significantly, whereas forestland and land used for urban and transport increased rapidly. Therefore, the major tasks ahead will be the land development for full grain production potential, the better coordination of allocating land to different uses, and the regulation inappropriate activities that damage agricultural ecosystems.  相似文献   

5.
目前,水土保持已进入较大区域的集中连片治理阶段,遥感是该阶段水土流失研究的重要技术手段。研究遥感技术在区域水土保持中的应用,首先要摸清遥感在该领域的研究现状。介绍了遥感在国内外区域水土保持中的应用状况,提出了区域水土流失遥感研究存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。  相似文献   

6.
    
The study used a combination of ethno‐social surveys and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to assess 651 pastoral households and their land use under agropastoral production systems in Ogun State, Nigeria. Yields of arable crops on agropastoralists' fields were generally low. Livestock productivity was similar on all parameters to levels in comparable contexts elsewhere across the West African subregion, but generally below possible potentials and on‐farm research findings. Pastoral households' activities presently influence between 221 km2 and 523 km2 of land in Ogun State. Pastoral grazing orbits extended beyond administrative boundaries, causing potential conflicts between local crop farmers and agropatoralists. Much of the land‐cover has been altered considerably around the areas of pastoral household settlements compared with the situation 20 years ago. It was concluded that a form of intervention was needed that would guarantee sustainability of the land‐use system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

7.
    
The Central Rift Valley (CRV) is one of the most environmentally vulnerable areas of Ethiopia. Most of the lowland in the CRV is arid or semiarid, and droughts occur frequently. We studied the dynamics of land use and cover and land degradation by analyzing Landsat data from 1973, 1985, and 2006 using Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing techniques. The analysis revealed that in the last 30 years, water bodies, forest, and woodland decreased by 15·3, 66·3, and 69·2 per cent, respectively; intensive cultivation, mixed cultivation/woodland, and degraded land increased by 34·5, 79·7, and 200·7 per cent. The major causes of land use and cover change (LUCC) and land degradation in the area were population and livestock growth in regions of limited resources, unsustainable farming techniques, the Ethiopian land tenure system and poverty. Lake level and area decline, and accelerated land degradation are the major environmental impacts of LUCC observed in the CRV. The environmental and socio‐economic consequences of LUCC and land degradation are far‐reaching. As a result of the expansion of land degradation over time, agricultural productivity has decreased and worsened food insecurity (shortages) and poverty in the Ethiopian CRV. In addition, if current trends in LUCC continue, Lake Abiyata will dry up by 2021. A detailed study of the degradation amount in relation to soil erosion, sediment yield to the lakes and catchment characteristics should be made using adaptable models; so as to guide the implementation of comprehensive and sustainable land use management by giving more attention to erosion prone areas. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

8.
厦门市土地利用变化的时空格局及驱动力   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
Using Landsat TM data of 1988, 1998 and 2001, the dynamic process of the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes during 13 years from 1988 to 2001 in the special economic zone of Xiamen, China was analyzed to improve understanding and to find the driving forces of land use change so that sustainable land utilization could be practiced. During the 13 years cropland decreased remarkably by nearly 11 304.95 ha. The areas of rural-urban construction and water body increased by 10 152.24 ha and 848.94 ha, respectively. From 1988 to 2001, 52.5% of the lost cropland was converted into rural-urban industrial land. Rapid urbanization contributed to a great change in the rate of cropland land use during these years. Land-reclamation also contributed to a decrease in water body area as well as marine ecological and environmental destruction. In the study area 1) urbanization and industrialization, 2) infrastructure and agricultural intensification, 3) increased affluence of the farming community, and 4) policy factors have driven the land use changes. Possible sustainable land use measures included construction of a land management system, land planning, development of potential land resources, new technology applications, and marine ecological and environmental protection.  相似文献   

9.
基于RS的黄河中游多沙粗沙区土地利用变化分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
据1975年的LandsatMSS、1986年和1997年的LandsatTM影像资料,运用遥感影像计算机自动分类方法获取土地利用信息,用GIS空间分析方法以及数理统计方法全面分析了黄河中游多沙粗沙区1975~1986年和1986~1997年两个时期内各土地利用类型的变化幅度、变化速度、数量变化的区域差异、变化方向以及变化方向的区域差异等.结果表明:后期土地利用类型间的相互转化有所增强;耕地、草地、林地和未利用地是本区土地利用变化的主导类型,耕地、草地与其它土地利用类型间的相互转化分布校广;后期耕地被居民地占用的面积和毁林开荒的面积比前期有所增加.  相似文献   

10.
基于RS和GIS的深圳市土地利用/覆被变化及碳效应分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于多时相遥感影像数据,结合能源消费数据和相关经验数据,利用RS和GIS技术分析了2005—2013年广东省深圳市土地利用/覆被变化情况及其导致的碳效应变化。结果表明:近9a来深圳市土地利用变化十分显著,作为区域内最大碳汇的林地面积下降14.96%,净减少量为11 524.32hm~2,而最大碳源的建设用地面积上升23.26%,净增加量高达18 565.39hm~2,其他用地类型如耕地、草地、水域面积分别减少37.17%,31.98%,11.56%,未利用地面积增加713.28%;从方向性来看,9a内研究区土地转移过程中既有生态正向演变,也同时存在生态逆向演变过程。既有耕地的非农化,也包括建设用地的复垦退出,整体呈现非单向性的复杂特征;从数量特征来看,林地是最大的转出者,耕地次之,而建设用地是最大的接收者;基于碳效应测算模型,计算得出研究区近9a来土地利用/覆被变化造成的碳排放增量超过碳吸收增量高达85.41万t,说明人为活动和自然因素共同作用下的土地利用格局变化直接影响着区域碳循环过程,深圳市低碳城市建设目标面临严峻挑战。  相似文献   

11.
王大鹏  杨艳超 《水土保持研究》2010,17(5):187-189,194
研究土地利用/覆盖变化的规律和机制对认识人类活动在全球变化中的作用机制具有重要意义。利用1979年的MSS影像和2004年的TM影像资料,运用目视解译方法,获取土地利用信息,使用GIS软件的空间叠加分析功能,获取土地利用/覆盖变化数据。分析表明:在1979-2004年25 a间台儿庄区的土地利用/覆盖状况发生了显著变化,主要表现在农田、林地转变为居民地及其他用地,交通运输用地的增加;并且农田、林地用地的减少是区域内变化速度最显著的土地利用类型;土地利用的集约化程度一直在不断提高。加强耕地保护力度,合理控制建设用地规模,科学开展城市用地规划是确保今后台儿庄区土地可持续利用的合理途径。  相似文献   

12.
    
Soil salinity is a global issue and one of the major causes of land degradation. The large scale monitoring of salt‐affected areas is therefore very important to shed light on necessary rehabilitation measures and to avoid further land degradation. We address the productivity limitation of salt‐affected soils across the European continent by the usage of soil maps and high temporal resolution time series of satellite images derived from the SPOT vegetation sensor. Using the yearly dynamism of the vegetation signal derived from the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, we decomposed the spectral curve into its base fraction and seasonal dynamism fractions next to an index approximating gross primary productivity. We observe gross primary productivity, base fraction and seasonal dynamism productivity differences of saline, sodic and not salt‐affected soils under croplands and grasslands in four major climatic zones of the European continent. Analysis of variance models and post hoc tests of mean productivity values indicate significant productivity differences between the observed salt‐affected and salt free areas, between management levels of soils as well as between the saline and sodic character of the land. The analysis gives insight into the limiting effect of climate in relation to the productivity of salt‐affected soils. The proposed indicators are applicable on the global level, are objective and readily repeatable with yearly updates, thus, might contribute to the global operational monitoring and assessment of degraded lands. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
    
This study analyses land‐use/land‐cover (LULC) changes in Adana city, Turkey, using satellite data of 1984 and 2000. Study of the expansion of the city over adjacent agricultural fields and semi‐natural areas was the major focus. The satellite images were classified using supervised classification prior to comparison of LULC on two different dates. The change map was produced by pixel‐to‐pixel comparison of the classified images. Urban and built‐up area increased by a factor of 2ċ07 during the 16 years; about 30 per cent on agricultural land and 70 per cent on previously semi‐natural land. Permanent immigration and urban development strategies were the main driving forces. Some policy perspectives are also given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
耕地数量和质量变化直接关系到国家粮食安全和社会稳定,研究粮食主产区耕地数量和质量变化具有重要的现实意义。该研究利用2000年、2013年Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感数据和2351个样点土壤实测数据,对吉林省中西部耕地分布的空间变化和由此引起的不同质量等级耕地的时空特征进行分析。结果表明:2000—2013年期间,吉林省中西部耕地总量稍有增加,面积由5.61×104 km2增加到5.64×104 km~2,其中旱田面积增加645 km2,水田面积减少350 km~2。研究区耕地分布表现出明显的西部增加、东部减少的趋势;新增耕地最主要来源于湿地(66.04%)和草地(21.12%),传统耕作区(主要为城市周边)耕地大面积减少,其中45.08%转化为人工表面,28.85%和22.61%转化为林地和湿地;水田与旱田之间的相互转化比较剧烈。2000—2013年期间,研究区耕地质量总体呈下降趋势,净减少的耕地为一、二等地,其中一等地净减少305 km~2,长春市占96%,净增加的耕地是三、四和五等地,分别为235、148和218 km~2,主要分布在白城市和松原市。城市化占用和耕地保护政策的实施是该区域耕地数量和质量变化的主要驱动因素,研究时段内吉林省中西部优质耕地流失严重,存在突出的占优补劣问题。  相似文献   

15.
中国东北漫川漫岗典型黑土区沟道侵蚀特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
[目的] 通过对450 km2黑土区进行实测调查,旨在评估研究区沟道侵蚀现状。[方法] 选取沟道侵蚀严重的450 km2的漫川漫岗黑土区为调查区域,首先在谷歌卫星影像上进行侵蚀沟识别和定位,再对侵蚀沟立体形态进行实地测量。[结果] ①研究区土地利用以耕地为主,耕地、建设用地、林地、草地分别占研究区总面积的85%,8%,6%,1%。②研究区坡耕地占86%,坡度0.25°~3.0°占64%,大于5°的占12%。③共有侵蚀沟1 049条,其中耕地中侵蚀沟577条,占总侵蚀沟条数的55%;沟壑密度1.2 km/km2,按沟壑密度衡量沟蚀强度为中度;沟壑面积比例为2.89%,以此界定沟蚀强度为剧烈。④研究区侵蚀沟平均长度、宽度、深度和面积分别为996,13.1,2.7 m和2.4 hm2。[结论] 漫川漫岗黑土区沟道侵蚀严重,主要危害坡耕地,但侵蚀沟相对较小,易于治理。  相似文献   

16.
分析研究当前区域性耕地资源数量与质量的变化格局和态势,定量评估城镇扩展对耕地产能的影响,具有重要的理论和现实意义。以唐山市1993年和2003年两期Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像为主要数据,运用Erdas软件进行人机交互解译,并借助GIS软件分析城镇扩展对耕地面积和空间分布的影响。基于农用地分等成果为基础,通过典型调查,建立耕地利用等指数和耕地实际产量的回归模型,定量估算10 a间城镇建设用地扩展对耕地产能造成的损失。研究表明10 a来唐山市建设用地总量迅速扩展,主要增加源为耕地,城镇建设用地扩展占用耕地的面积达14.27×103 hm2,主要分布于丰润区和丰南区,即1993-2003年间唐山市城镇发展方向主要为南北双向扩展,该两区产能损失分别占全市总损失产能的41.88%与37.97%,且城镇扩展占用的多是7等以上城镇周边农业基础设施好、生产力水平较高的农田,损失产能达1.35×105 t,对区域农业生产和粮食安全产生了不容忽视的影响。  相似文献   

17.
    
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of rapidly changing land use on erosion and sedimentation in a mixed land use watershed in the Ozark Highlands of the USA. The research combines a geographic information system‐based soil erosion modeling approach with land use change detection to quantify the influence of changing land use on erosion risk. Five land use/land cover maps were generated or acquired for a 20‐year period (1986 through 2006) at approximately 5‐year intervals to assess land use change and to predict a projected (2030) land use scenario for the West Fork White River watershed in Northwest Arkansas. The Unit Stream Power based Erosion/Deposition model was applied to the observed and predicted land use to assess the impact on erosion. Total erosion from urban areas was predicted to increase by a factor of six between 1986 and 2030 based on the projected 2030 land use. Results support previous reports of increased urbanization leading to increased soil erosion risk. This study highlights the interaction of changes in land use with soil erosion potential. Soil erosion risk on a landscape can be quantified by incorporating commonly available biophysical data with geographic information system and remote sensing, which could serve as a land/watershed management tool for the rapid assessment of the effects of environmental change on erosion risk. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
基于GIS的黄淮海平原旱灾遥感监测研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
干旱作为自然灾害的一种,严重影响并限制着我国特别是北方地区农业生产的发展。该文主要研究利用遥感技术资料,基于GIS技术,通过作物缺水指数模型监测旱情的方法。在黄淮海平原进行的实时监测表明,各种形式的结果与实际基本吻合,此方法可用于平原旱灾实时动态监测。  相似文献   

19.
The eco-socio-economic balance of a region can be preserved by proper land-use planning, particularly in hilly watersheds where erosion caused by rainfall is an ever-present threat. This paper describes a methodology developed to compile a treatment-oriented land-use planning scheme for a hilly watershed using a geographical information system (GIS). A remote sensing based physiographic soils map and a digital elevation model (DEM) are the sources of soil depth and slope steepness classes, respectively, and are the information databases for GIS analysis. The GIS was used to integrate these databases and provide tools for manipulation of the data. A set of knowledge-based rules was formed from the classification scheme formulated by Sheng and Stennett (1975) for hilly watersheds, modified to allow for the local land-use patterns. These rules were used to manipulate the databases and allow the establishment of a sustained land-use system in the watershed with proper soil and water conservation measures. This biological engineering scheme would be a safeguard against soil erosion and other environmental threats. A priority sub-watersheds delineation survey conducted in the watershed indicates significant variation in the silt yield index values, which calls for conservation planning in earnest in cases of high and very high priority sub-watersheds.  相似文献   

20.
三江平原过去50年耕地动态变化及其驱动力分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,本文对三江平原建国以来耕地变化方式及与其它土地利用类型的转化进行了定量研究。结果表明,在过去50多年里,三江平原耕地面积发生了显著变化。在建国初期的1954年,耕地面积为17133.81 km2,所占比重仅为15.91%;2005年耕地为55688.45 km2,面积比为51.17%,耕地面积净增加了38554.64 km2,年均耕地增加面积为755.97 km2。通过耕地与其它土地利用类型的转化分析表明,湿地开垦对耕地的增加贡献最大,其次为林地与草地。通过垦殖指数及其变化模型分析表明,三江平原不同历史时期耕地面积的变化速率存在很大的时空差异;区域本身人口急剧增加、国家有计划的农垦移民、农业机械化水平提高是导致本区耕地面积不断增加的主要原因;三江平原区域自然条件,尤其是地势、地貌与土壤条件同样影响着三江平原耕地面积的变化。  相似文献   

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