水稻短根的遗传分析

 用水稻短根突变化RM1、RM2与原品种Ohchikara杂交配成两个组合的P₁、 P₂、 F₁、 F₂、 B₁₁、B'₁₁、B₁₂、 B'₁₂ 以及F₃世代，调查冠根长度，研究短根性状的遗传。结果表明，RM1和RM2的短根性状均受单个位点稳性核基因（srt1srt1），并且RM1和RM2的短根基因是等位的。讨论了srt1基因在杂交稻和中子纯度快速鉴定中的应用。     

Grain Protein Content of Interspecific Progenies Derivedfrom the Cross of African Rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) and Asian Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

The protein contents of the grain of 50 interspecific progenies developed from the cross between WAB56-104, an Oryza sativa variety, and CG 14, an Oryza glaberrima line, were investigated. In contrast to the higher protein content of O. glaberrima than O. sativa on the average, the protein content of CG 14 was always lower than that of WAB56-104. However, judging from the average of three seasons, 72% of the interspecific progenies had a higher protein content than the mid-parent and 50% of them had a higher protein content than WAB56-104. Although the actual values of protein content of the interspecific progenies were significantly different among the seasons, a highly significant correlation was always observed in protein content between any two of the three seasons. Protein content therefore was considered character of each interspecific progeny though it was also affected by environment. A significant correlation was not observed between paddy yield and protein content in any season; several interspecific progenies showed higher protein content and paddy yield than the mid-parents. A low paddy yield is likely to be associated with high protein content through physiological regulation without a genetic linkage between the two traits. However, the results suggest that the transgressive segregation of protein content observed in the interspecific progenies is attributed not to this physiological regulation but to a certain mechanism to concentrate protein in grains with a genetic background.     

水稻柱头外露率的QTL分析

以高柱头外露率的50S作母本,低柱头外露率的三系粳稻保持系连B作父本杂交,种植F2群体,调查单株调查柱头外露率,分析表明群体柱头外露率值接近正态分布;以SSR标记建立了该群体的基因分子连锁图谱,使用该群体分子连锁图谱进行柱头外露率的QTL分析,共检测到3个控制水稻柱头外露率的QTL(qPES-3,qPES-9,qPES-12),分别位于第3、第9、第12染色体,其增效基因均来自50S。并对选育高柱头外露率粳稻保持系进行了探讨。     

水稻胞质雄性不育基因的遗传分析

水稻胞质雄性不育基因的遗传分析陈深广，闵绍楷，熊振民，吴建利，朱旭东（中国水稻研究所遗传育种系，杭州３１０００６）关键词：胞质雄性不育；广亲和性；等位性；基因型ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＩｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅｏｆＣｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃＭａｌｅＳｔｅｒｉｌｉ...     

水稻花粉发育过程及其分期

以籼稻品种IR36为材料,采用塑料半薄切片技术、新鲜花药整体观察及游离的雄性细胞观察方法,对水稻花粉发育全过程及其药壁组织的情况进行了系统的研究,初步将这一过程划分为8个时期,即小孢子母细胞形成期、小孢子母细胞减数分裂期、小孢子早期、小孢子中期、小孢子晚期、二胞花粉早期、二胞花粉晚期和成熟花粉期。并证实了花粉自然发育过程中不存在收缩期。在这一发育过程中,绒毡层出现3种明显不同的发育形态,这些形态特点对于判断花粉发育阶段具有重要的参考价值及辅助作用。     

BT型杂交粳稻育性及其三系的若干蛋白质标记

 用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）方法，对粳稻BT 细胞质雄性不育系六千辛A，保持系六千辛B，恢复系六千辛R、77302-1，以及杂交组合六千辛A/77302-1的F1和F2 种子的胚乳贮藏蛋白进行了分析。结果表明，在谷蛋白α3区域，恢复系有两条带α3a 和α3b,而六千辛A和六千辛B只有一条带α3。 F2代具有α3的种子和具有α3a 加α3b的种子1∶1分离。谷蛋白α4带的移动速率，恢复系比六千辛A快。把较快的α4带记为α4f。 F2代具有α4的种子和具有α4 加α4f的种子也是1∶1分离，与配子体不育类型的F2代花粉育性恢复基因分离比一致。系谱分析表明六千辛R中α3a 和α3b来源于IR8。六千辛A比六千辛B容易提取醇溶蛋白。     

几个籼稻品种对稻瘟病抗性的遗传分析

用感稻瘟病品种二九青与4个抗病品种杂交的 F₁、F₂、B₁F₁经4个不同菌系的稻瘟病菌孢子悬浮液分别进行人工接种,然后考查其抗性反应。结果表明红脚占、砦糖、Tetep 和74-5461BG 等籼稻品种对 ZB1、ZB15、ZC15、ZC3菌系的抗性均分别由显性抗性基因 Ipi-1、Ipi-2、Ipi-3和 Ipi-4控制,同时这4个抗性基因还存在着紧密的连锁关系。等位性测定也表明4个品种所具有的抗性基因都是各各等位的。     

Strategies on Sample Size Determination and Qualitative and Quantitative Traits Integration to Construct Core Collection of Rice (Oryza sativa)

The development of a core collection could enhance the utilization of germplasm collections in crop improvement programs and simplify their management. Selection of an appropriate sampling strategy is an important prerequisite to construct a core collection with appropriate size in order to adequately represent the genetic spectrum and maximally capture the genetic diversity in available crop collections. The present study was initiated to construct nested core collections to determine the appropriate sampl...     

云南稻种昆明小白谷耐冷性指标性状的遗传分析

 以云南稻种资源昆明小白谷与日本品种十和田配制的杂交F₂、B₂F₁等为材料,在低温处理条件下研究了昆明小白谷7个农艺性状的遗传特性。结果表明总结实率和特定结实率是对低温最敏感的性状,可用作孕穗期耐冷性的评价指标,在无法用结实率来评价耐冷性时,也可用株高、穗长的变异率作为耐冷性指标。遗传研究发现有1～2对主基因参与调控结实率性状,回交使性状向轮回亲本趋近的速率因性状而异。     

栽培稻抗旱性研究的现状与策略

 水资源短缺正成为制约我国农业发展的重要因素。培育抗旱的栽培稻品种并实现水稻旱作，不但可在很大程度上节约水资源，而且有利于增产稳产，节约能源和减少环境污染。抗旱性包括逃旱性、避旱性、耐旱性和复原抗旱性。形态生理学的研究揭示出大量的与栽培稻抗旱性有关的形态特征和生理特性，如根系和叶片性状、生育期、渗透调节、脱落酸含量与栽培稻抗旱性密切相关，且已利用分子标记对上述性状进行了基因定位（QTL）研究。旱稻品种改良也已取得重大进展。在进行抗旱品种改良的基础上，通过引进相应的栽培技术，节水种植，实现水稻旱作，并达到稳产与增产的目的，是抗旱性研究的战略目标。在增产、稳产和优质的前提下，以培育耐旱性极强的水稻（或旱稻）为中心，建立有代表性的抗旱性研究基地, 进一步加强稻属抗旱基因资源的发掘和创新、抗旱生理学和遗传学的研究、利用现代生物技术实现不同物种间抗旱基因的转移、建立节水种植栽培技术新体系是目前抗旱性研究的主要内容。     

Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Stripe Disease in Rice （Oryza sativa）

In order to map the quantitative trait loci for rice stripe resistance, a molecular linkage map was constructed based on the F2 population derived from a cross between Zhaiyeqing 8 and Wuyujing 3. Reactions of the two parents, F1 individual and 129 F2:3 lines to rice stripe were investigated by both artificial inoculation at laboratory and natural infection in the field, and the ratios of disease rating index were scored. The distribution of the ratios of disease rating index in Zhaiyeqing 8/Wuyujing 3 F2:3 population ranged from 0 to 134.08 and from 6.25 to 133.6 under artificial inoculation at laboratory and natural infection in the field, respectively, and showed a marked bias towards resistant parent (Zhaiyeqing 8), indicating that the resistance to rice stripe was controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL). QTL analysis showed that the QTLs detected by the two inoculation methods were completely different. Only one QTL, qSTV7, was detected under artificial inoculation, at which the Zhaiyeqing 8 allele increased the resistance to rice stripe, while two QTLs, qSTV5 and qSTV1, were detected under natural infection, in which resistant alleles came from Zhaiyeqing 8 and Wuyujing 3, respectively. These results showed that resistant parent Zhaiyeqing 8 carried the alleles associated with the resistance to rice stripe virus and the small brown planthopper, and susceptible parent Wuyujing 3 also carried the resistant allele to rice stripe virus. In comparison with the results previously reported, QTLs detected in the study were new resistant genes to rice stripe disease. This will provide a new resistant resource for avoiding genetic vulnerability for single utilization of the resistant gene Stvb-i.     

水稻矮化小穗基因DSP2的鉴定与克隆

[目的]水稻株高和穗型在产量形成中发挥着重要作用.鉴定与克隆水稻株高和穗型发育相关基因,可以丰富水稻株高穗型发育调控的分子机理,为分子设计育种奠定理论基础和提供基因资源.[方法]在粳稻日本晴T-DNA插入群体中筛选到矮化小穗突变体dsp2-D(dwarf and small panicle 2-Dominant),对其...     

QTL Analysis for Traits Associated with Feeding Value of Straw in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Genetic improvement of the digestibility of rice strew for increasing the utilization of the whole rice plant as feedstuffs is an important way to solve the feedstuffs shortage in southeastem China. To elucidate the genetic basis of the traits affecting the digestibility of rice straw, a rice population of 111 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of Nekken 2xGaya was used to map the quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for in vitro dry matter digestion (IVDMD), the percentages of nonstructurel carbohydrate (NSC) and acid detergent fiber (exclusive of residual ash, ADFom) in 2005 and 2006. IVDMD was positively correlated with NSC, and negatively correlated with ADFom. A total of 16 QTLs were detected in the two years, and the amounts of variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 6.9% to 15.5%. Some QTLs for IVDMD and ADFom on chromosome 2 were detected in the two years. On chromosome 2, the interval RM475-RM3515 contained QTLs for IVDMD in the two years and for NSC in 2006 only, while the interval RM3874-RM5305 influenced ADFom in the two years and NSC in 2005 only. At those loci, Gaya contributed favorable alleles to IVDMD and NSC, while Nekken 2 contributed positive alleles to ADFom.     

水稻种子低氧发芽力的QTL定位和上位性分析

利用35份水稻品种资源,评价了在不同水深、温度等低氧条件下的种子萌发情况,表明水温30℃、水深0.2 m下黑暗萌发5 d为最佳鉴定方法,并以此条件下水稻种子萌发的芽长为鉴定指标,评价了359份水稻品种低氧发芽力地区间、籼粳间的差异。进一步利用81个Kinmaze/DV85 重组自交系群体进行了水稻低氧发芽力数量性状位点分析, 在第1、2、5、7染色体上检测到5 个低氧发芽力QTL,其中第5染色体上存在2个QTL,各QTL的贡献率为10.5%～19.6%。同时进行上位性分析,检测到3对互作位点,分别位于第2、3、5、11染色体上,其中位于第3染色体上标记C563-X182之间的位点与第5染色体上标记R830-X208之间的位点的互作贡献率高达48.78%。     

Genetic Analysis of Water Use Efficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the Leaf Level

Carbon isotope discrimination (?¹³C) is considered as an index of leaf-level water use efficiency, an important objective for plant breeders seeking to conserve water resources. We report in rice a genetic analysis for ?¹³C, leaf structural parameters, gas exchange, stomatal conductance, and leaf abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations. Doubled haploid and recombinant inbred populations, both derived from the cross IR64 × Azucena, were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis following greenhouse experiments. ?¹³C QTLs on the long arms of chromosomes 4 and 5 were colocalized with QTLs associated with leaf blade width, length, and flatness, while a QTL cluster for ?¹³C, photosynthesis parameters, and ABA was observed in the near-centromeric region of chromosome 4. These results are consistent with phenotypic correlations and suggest that genetic variation in carbon assimilation and stomatal conductance contribute to the genetic variation for ?¹³C in this population.     

水稻细胞质雄性不育及育性恢复的研究进展

介绍了水稻细胞质雄性不育的遗传研究,综述了已克隆的CMS基因及恢复基因的特点,重点阐述了水稻细胞质雄性不育和育性恢复基因的作用机理以及分子研究进展,并对其今后的应用进行了展望。     

Mapping of qTGW1.1,a Quantitative Trait Locus for 1000-Grain Weight in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1000-grain weight(TGW) is one of the three component traits of the grain yield in rice(Oryza sativa L). This study was conducted to validate and fine-map qT GW1.1, a minor QTL for TGW which was previously located in a 3.7-Mb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 1. Five sets of near isogenic lines(NILs) were developed from two BC2F4 populations of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 973/Milyang 46.The NIL sets consisted of two homozygous genotypic groups differing in the regions RM11448-RM11522,RM11448- RM11549, RM1232- RM11615, RM11543-RM11554 and RM11569-RM11621, respectively. Four traits, including TGW, grain length, grain width and heading date, were measured. Phenotypic difference between the two genotypic groups in each NIL population was analyzed using SAS procedure GLM.Significant QTL effects were detected on TGW with the Zhenshan 97 allele increasing grain weight by0.12 g to 0.14 g and explaining 8.30% to 15.19% of the phenotypic variance. Significant effects were also observed for grain length and width, whereas no significant effect was found for heading date. Based on comparison among the five NILs on the segregating regions and the results of QTL analysis, qT GW1.1was delimited to a 376.9-kb region flanked by DNA markers Wn28382 and RM11554. Our results indicate that the effects of minor QTLs could be steadily detected in a highly isogenic background and suggest that such QTLs could be utilized in the breeding of high-yielding rice varieties.     

水稻抗病基因同源序列的克隆及测序分析

 根据已知的NBS LRR类及丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类抗病基因结构中氨基酸的保守区域，设计了两组简并引物用于扩增广谱抗稻瘟病品种云系2号中的抗病基因同源序列。结果一共获得11类的NBS-LRR类抗病基因同源片段及16类的丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类抗病基因同源片段。所有11类的抗病基因同源系列均含有NBS-LRR类抗病基因的保守序列，如P-loop、Kinase 2、Kinase 3a以及跨膜区域等。所有16类的蛋白激酶的序列均含有丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶所共有的催化区Ⅵ（共有氨基酸序列：DLKPEN）、Ⅷ（共有氨基酸序列：GT/SXXYXAPE）以及蛋白激酶的其他催化区。两条NBS-LRR类的抗病基因同源片段YR1、YR12分别与抗病基因I2 C-2及Xa1氨基酸同源性很高(>50%)。7条丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类的抗病基因同源片段与已克隆的[WTBX][STBX]Xa21、Pto、Lr10[WTBZ][STBZ]等抗病基因的氨基酸序列超过60%的相同以及76%~78%的氨基酸类似。