共查询到8条相似文献，搜索用时 12 毫秒
1.
There is growing global demand for medicinal drugs including isabgol (Plantago ovata). With increasing demand of food for an ever‐increasing population in India, it is not possible to bring arable lands under cultivation for aromatic and medicinal plants. Salt‐affected lands (both saline and alkali) occupy about 8·6 million ha. Due to poor physical properties and excessive exchangeable Na+, most of these lands do not support good vegetation cover. The marginal and salt‐affected lands could be successfully utilized for the cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants. We achieved almost complete germination of isabgol seeds using up to 5000 ppm salt‐solution. Grain yield (including husk) was 1·47 to 1·58 t ha−1 at pH 9·2 showing no significant yield reduction as compared to normal soil. At pH 9·6 the grain yield was 1·03 to 1·12 t ha−1. At higher pH there was significant reduction in yield. Sowing in good moisture (at field capacity) of soil was found best, but to save time sowing at shallow depth in dry soil, followed by irrigation was also suitable as compared to broadcasting seeds. The chlorophyll content was greater 70 days after sowing compared to younger stages (50 days after sowing). The total chlorophyll and plant biomass were lower from crops grown by broadcasting methods of sowing as compared to two other methods of sowing. The leaf area index (LAI) was higher for the broadcasting method of sowing as compared to the other two methods. Na+ absorption increased and K+ and K+/Na+ ratio decreased with increase in pH. Results reported in this paper clearly indicate that isabgol can successfully be grown on moderately alkali soils up to pH 9·6 without the application of any amendment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The effects of wheat, potato, sunflower, and rape residues and calcite were evaluated in soil that received sodic water. These materials were added to a sandy‐loam soil at a rate of 5%, after which the treated soils were incubated for 1 month at field‐capacity moisture and a temperature of 25°C–30°C. Column leaching experiments using treated soils were then conducted under saturated conditions using water with three sodium‐adsorption ratios (SAR) (0, 10, 40) with a constant ionic strength (50 mmol L–1). The results indicated that the application of plant residues to soils caused an increase in cation‐exchange capacity and exchangeable cations. Leaching experiments indicated that the addition of plant amendments led to increased Na+ leaching and decrease in exchangeable‐sodium percentage (ESP). The ESP of the control soil, after leaching with solutions with an SAR of 10 and 40, increased significantly, but the level of sodification in soils treated with plant residue was lower. Such decreases of soil ESP were greatly affected by the type of plant residues, with the order of: potato‐treated soil > sunflower‐treated soil > rape‐treated soil > wheat‐treated soil > calcite‐treated soil > control soil. 相似文献
3.
Achmadi Jumberi Mina Yamada Satoshi Yamada Hideyasu Fujiyama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):657-664
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of exchangeable Na on the growth and absorption of metal elements in barley, rye, and maize. The plants were cultivated in soils whose exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) were 6.6 (saline soil: Saline), 17.4 (saline-sodic soil: Sodic 1), and 39.6 (sodic soil: Sodic 2), which were prepared from Tottori sand dune soil (Control). The dry weight (DW) and concentrations of metal elements Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in shoots were analyzed. The shoot DW was smaller with higher ESP, but in barley the difference between all the treatments was no longer observed with time. In Sodic soils, the growth of barley was vigorous, whereas rye growth was poor, and maize plants died by 5 weeks after planting. The Na concentration in shoots of all the species was higher with higher ESP. The K concentration in shoots was low at the early growth stage, but in barley it was higher in the Saline and both Sodic soils than in the Control at the subsequent stages. The concentrations of Ca and Mg in shoots of barley and maize in the Saline and both Sodic soils were higher than those in the Control, but in rye the concentrations were lowest in Sodic 2. The concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Cu in barley shoots in the Saline and bothSodic soils tended to be higher than those in the Control, whereas in rye they were lower than in the Control in both Sodic soils. Barley showed a higher ability to absorb low available microelements than rye and maize. These results indicate that barley is tolerant to sodicity as well as salinity, maize is tolerant to salinity, but is very sensitive to sodicity, and rye is moderately sensitive to both stresses. We suggest that the tolerance of grain crops to ESP involves a tolerance to a high Na concentration in shoots, the ability to keep suitable concentrations of essential cations in the presence of a high concentration of Na in shoots and the ability to absorb low available microelements. 相似文献
4.
M. Qadir A. Tubeileh J. Akhtar A. Larbi P. S. Minhas M. A. Khan 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2008,19(4):429-453
Recent trends and future demographic projections suggest that the need to produce more food and fibre will necessitate effective utilization of salt‐affected land and saline water resources. Currently at least 20 per cent of the world's irrigated land is salt affected and/or irrigated with waters containing elevated levels of salts. Several major irrigation schemes have suffered from the problems of salinity and sodicity, reducing their agricultural productivity and sustainability. Productivity enhancement of salt‐affected land and saline water resources through crop‐based management has the potential to transform them from environmental burdens into economic opportunities. Research efforts have led to the identification of a number of field crops, forage grasses and shrubs, aromatic and medicinal species, bio‐fuel crops, and fruit tree and agroforestry systems, which are profitable and suit a variety of salt‐affected environments. Several of these species have agricultural significance in terms of their local utilization on the farm. Therefore, crop diversification systems based on salt‐tolerant plant species are likely to be the key to future agricultural and economic growth in regions where salt‐affected soils exist, saline drainage waters are generated, and/or saline aquifers are pumped for irrigation. However, such systems will need to consider three issues: improving the productivity per unit of salt‐affected land and saline water resources, protecting the environment and involving farmers in the most suitable and sustainable crop diversifying systems to mitigate any perceived risks. This review covers different aspects of salt‐affected land and saline water resources, synthesizes research knowledge on salinity/sodicity tolerances in different plant species, and highlights promising examples of crop diversification and management to improve and maximize benefits from these resources. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Uttam Kumar Mandal A.K. Bhardwaj D.N. Warrington Dina Goldstein A. Bar Tal G.J. Levy 《Geoderma》2008,144(3-4):509-516
Irrigation with saline–sodic water causes sodic conditions in the soil which reduces soil productivity. We evaluated the changes in a number of important indices related to soil structural stability when treated wastewater (TWW), albeit with higher loads of organic matter and suspended solids, was used instead of more saline–sodic irrigation water, under different degrees of aggregate slaking. We studied soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC) using disturbed samples packed in columns, and soil infiltration rate, runoff and erosion under simulated rainfall. Aggregate slaking was manipulated by wetting the samples prior to all tests at either a slow (1–2 mm h− 1) or a fast (50 mm h− 1) rate. Samples of a calcareous silty clay (Typic Calciorthids) from the Bet She'an Valley, Israel, were taken from plots irrigated for three years with either TWW, saline–sodic Jordan River water (JRW), or moderately saline–sodic spring water (SPW), and also from a non-cultivated area (control). With little or no aggregate slaking (use of slow wetting), higher HC values and lower amounts of total runoff and soil loss were measured compared to when more severe aggregate slaking was induced (use of fast wetting). The HC values for the TWW treatment were similar to, or lower than, those for the control and significantly higher than those for the JRW treatment. For the runoff and soil loss data, differences among the water quality treatments were, generally, more pronounced when aggregate slaking was substantially reduced, and were related to soil sodicity. Under the latter condition, runoff and soil loss from the TWW treatment were comparable with those from the control and significantly lower than those from the JRW treatment. Our results suggested that replacing saline–sodic irrigation water with TWW could have favorable effects on soil structural stability, especially under conditions where aggregate slaking can be reduced (e.g., in regions with low to moderate rain intensities; and/or use of low intensity irrigation systems). 相似文献
7.
谢宇灿;尉岚;杨长明 《土壤通报》2025,56(3):841-850
目的以竹醋液改性生物炭为研究对象,探讨竹醋液改性对生物炭物理结构及化学性质的影响,将其应用于轻度碱化潮土的改良,并探讨了其改良效果,为后续盐碱土壤改良实验提供一定的理论依据。方法利用不同浓度的竹醋液对生物炭进行改性,得到不同酸性的改性生物炭。应用不同改性生物炭对轻度碱化潮土进行改良：B0组为添加未稀释原液改性的生物炭处理、B2组为添加稀释2倍竹醋液改性生物炭处理、B5组为添加稀释5倍竹醋液改性生物炭处理、B10组为添加稀释10倍竹醋液改性生物炭处理,以及添加未改性生物炭处理的B组。探究改良效果及对小白菜（Brassica rapa L）生长的影响。结果经竹醋液改性后,生物炭变为酸性或中性,比表面积和孔容明显增加（P < 0.05）,而平均孔径却显著下降（P < 0.05）,其中,以B0组的变化最大。施加改性生物炭后,土壤pH均有一定程度的降低。B2、B5组加入土壤后,土壤碱化度、全盐量显著下降（P < 0.05）,其中土壤碱化度分别下降了17.7%和39.6%,全盐量分别下降了34.6%和38.5%;土壤蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶均有显著提升（P < 0.05）。此外,相比于未加生物炭的土壤对照组和未改性生物炭处理,B2、B5、B10组加入土壤后,小白菜的发芽率、株高、叶面积、鲜重都有显著（P < 0.05）的提高,其增加幅度范围分别为17.1% ~ 48.6%、8.6% ~ 36.4%、27.9% ~ 49.9%和18.9% ~ 63.7%。结论竹醋液改性生物质炭对轻度碱化潮土具有很好的改良效果,有望成为盐碱地改良的有效手段。 相似文献
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Food and fodder shortage in arid and semi‐arid regions force farmers to use marginal quality water for meeting the water requirement of crops which result in low quality, reduced production and an adverse impact on soil properties. A field study on loamy‐sand (Hyperthermic Typic Ustipsamments) saline soil was conducted during 1999–2001 at Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar. This involved assessment of effects of conjunctive use of saline water, EC = 4·6–7·4 dSm−1, SAR = 14–22 ((mmol−1)½ with good quality water on five fodder crop rotations: oat‐sorghum (Avena sativa‐–Sorghum bicolor), rye grass–sorghum (Loleum rigidum—Sorghum bicolor), Egyptian clover—sorghum (Trifoleum alexandrinum—Sorghum bicolor), Persian clover—sorghum (Trifoleum resupinatum—Sorghum bicolor) and Indian clover–sorghum (Melilotus indica—Sorghum bicolor) and certain soil properties associated with it. Leguminous winter fodder crops were more sensitive to poor quality water use. Reductions in fodder yield with use of saline water alone throughout season were 85, 68, 54, 42, 36 and 26 per cent in Indian clover, Egyptian clover, Persian clover, oat, rye grass and sorghum respectively as compared to good quality water. Leguminous fodder crops produced protein rich (12–14 per cent) and low fibre (18–20 per cent) fodder as compared to poor quality grassy fodder under good quality water irrigation but their quality deteriorated when saline water was used. These leguminous crops accumulated proportionately higher Na+ (1·58 per cent) resulting in adverse impact on their growth as compared to grassy fodder crops. Higher soil salinity (12·2 dSm−1), SAR = 20 (mmol−1)½ was recorded with saline water irrigation; and slight adverse impact was noticed on infiltration rate and contents of water dispersible clay. Alternate cyclic use of canal and saline water could be an option for fodder production under such conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献