国外冷季型草坪草种在成都引种适应性评价

在成都对高羊茅等 2 6个国外冷季型草坪草品种进行了为期 3a的引种适应性评价研究 ,结果表明 :(1) 11个参试的高羊茅品种和 2个白三叶品种、2个剪股颖品种都表现出较好的适应性和抗逆性 ,其中高羊茅以Barfa、Vegas表现最优、剪股颖以Prominent最优、白三叶以Tahara最好 ;(2 )高羊茅冬季有叶尖发黄现象 ,部分品种夏季有褐斑病 ;(3)紫羊茅、羊茅、硬羊茅等 11个细叶类品种 ,抗热性较差 ,越夏率 <50 % ,基本不适应 ,但冬春表现好 ,是冬季暖季型草坪补播的较好材料     

国外冷季型草坪草种在成都引种适应评价

在成都对高羊茅等２６个国外冷季型草坪草品种进行了为期３ａ的引种适应性评价研究,结果表明：（１）１１个参试的高羊茅品种和２个白三叶品种、２个剪股颖品种都表现出较好的适应性和抗逆性,其中高羊茅以Ｂａｒｆａ、Ｖｅｇａｓ表现最优、剪股颖以Ｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔ最优、白三叶以Ｔａｈａｒａ最好;（２）高羊茅冬季有叶尖发黄现象,部分品种夏季有褐斑病;（３）紫羊茅、羊茅、硬羊茅等１１个细叶类品种,抗热性较差,越夏率〈５０％,基本不适应,但冬春表现好,是冬季暖季型草坪补播的较好材料。     

西昌地区冷季型草坪草引种试验

通过13个冷季型草坪草的引种观测试验,结果表明:多年生黑麦草,高羊茅和草地早熟禾的品种均能在西昌建植草坪,其中表现较好的多年生黑麦草品种是明星;高羊茅品种是千年盛世,奥运金牌和盛夏;草地早熟禾品种是午夜、巴林,它们的共同特点是全年均可生长,作组合草坪可保持全年绿期;匍匐翦股颖抗热性强,越夏越冬适应性强,可作西昌地区景观装饰草坪。     

“精英”高羊茅——极耐热、抗病的高羊茅新品种

“精英”是改良型高羊茅新品种，提高了耐热性、抗病性和适应性以及矮生能力和草坪质量。叶片颜色深绿，质地中等。含有的大量内生真菌使其对食草虫类的抗性强。     

“精英”高羊茅——极耐热、抗病的高羊茅新品种

“精英”是改良型高羊茅新品种，提高了耐热性、抗病性和适应性以及矮生能力和草坪质量。叶片颜色深绿，质地中等。含有的大量内生真菌使其对食草虫类的抗性强。     

“精英”高羊茅——极耐热、抗病的高羊茅新品种

“精英”是改良型高羊茅新品种，提高了耐热性、抗病性和适应性以及矮生能力和草坪质量。叶片颜色深绿，质地中等。含有的大量内生真菌使其对食草虫类的抗性强。     

13个冷季型草坪草品种在蚌埠地区的适应性研究

在引进的13个冷季型草坪草品种试验中,通过对其表观质量评价和几个生理指标测定。结果表明：13个冷季型草坪草品种的质地、分蘖密度、 均一性、盖度、叶色等方面存在一定差异。在表观质量方面：高羊茅属Festuca的羊茅极品、猎狗五号、自豪、千年盛世、家园品种表现较好;黑麦草属Lolium的黑麦王子、绅士春季生长较好,越夏表现较差;而早熟禾属Poa的草坪之星、午夜、超级伊克利、爱沃得、优异、新哥来得品种春季生长和越夏表现皆较差。就测定的生理指标而言,猎狗五号、自豪、千年盛世、黑麦王子、绅士、爱沃得品种根系活力、叶绿素、可溶性糖含量及脯氨酸含量等较高,丙二醛含量相对较低。综合表观质量和生理指标分析：高羊茅属的自豪、千年盛世、家园、猎狗五号4个品种适应性最强;黑麦草属的2个品种在春季适应性较强,但越夏期间与春季相比,适应性较差;早熟禾属的6个品种无论在春季和夏季的适应性一般。     

“精英”高羊茅极耐热、抗病的高羊茅新品种

“精英”是改良型高羊茅新品种,提高了耐热性、抗病性和适应性以及矮生能力和草坪质量。叶片颜色深绿,质地中等。含有的大量内生真菌使其对食草虫类的抗性强。它在2001年的NTEP草坪质量评价排名中荣获第一,在6个南方沿海地区进行的对褐斑病抗性的NTEP评价试验中仍然位居榜首,对叶斑病、枯萎病和雪腐病也有较强的抗性。极佳的坪质表现和出色的耐热性、抗病性使"精英"的应用范围可以从我国北方一直延伸到南方的湿热气候带。主要特点●坪质出众:叶片较纤细、质地中等、叶色浓绿,致密均一●出色的耐热性和抗旱性●综合抗病性强:高抗褐斑病,…     

北京地区57个冷季型禾草草坪品种的生态适应性评价

在北京市顺义区克劳沃试验基地,通过不同品种高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、紫羊茅(F.aubra)、硬羊茅(F.ovinavar.durivscula)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)各草坪特性指标定量测定,对各草坪草品种的生态适应性进行综合评价。结果表明:不同草坪草种的综合生态适应性多年生黑麦草最好,高羊茅次之,紫羊茅和草地早熟禾中等,硬羊茅较差。多年生黑麦草各品种的综合生态适应性以Protegeglr和Laquinta最好,Fairway最差;高羊茅各品种以Rhamldersrp、Traversersrp和Hum-mer综合表现最好,Ruby最差;紫羊茅邱氏羊茅表现最好;硬羊茅Ecostar最好;草地早熟禾则以Rush最好,Camask最差。综合比较认为,在北京地区建植草坪,多年生黑麦草适宜作先锋种或补播草种,高羊茅适宜作运动场或开放地草坪建植,草地早熟禾适宜观赏性草坪建植。     

牧草新品种科瑞苇状羊茅在贵州4个地区的生产试验

为了解牧草新品种科瑞苇状羊茅在贵州不同地区的生产性能和适应性,筛选出适宜在贵州地区推广种植的苇状羊茅品种,以科瑞苇状羊茅和法恩苇状羊茅作为参试品种,通过3年在贵州4个地区进行生产试验,测定2个品种在不同地区的生长情况、抗逆性和草产量。结果：科瑞苇状羊茅表现出耐寒性好,春季开始生长早,生长旺盛,叶片多且柔软,产量高,成熟期较早,1年可刈割4～6次,抗逆性强等良好生产性能;4个试验点科瑞苇状羊茅的平均产量均较高,3年平均干草产量为9 342 kg/hm²,比法恩苇状羊茅(7 909 kg/hm²)显著增产18.11%(P<0.05)。结论：科瑞苇状羊茅产量高、适应性强,适宜在贵州大部分地区推广种植。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -