麦秸特性与麦秸刨花板制板工艺的研究

麦秸特性与麦秸刨花板制板工艺的研究张冬梅韩广萍何灵芝（黑龙江省林产工业研究所）麦秸表面硅质含量较高，并与其它非木材原料有很大不同，而且麦秸的自身强度低于木材，只有通过采用特殊的胶粘剂才能生产出达到国家标准（ＧＢ／Ｔ４８９７－９２）的麦秸刨花板产品。本...     

不宜盲目发展麦秸人造板

近年来，国内外麦秸人造板生产设备及工艺技术趋向成熟，其生产的麦秸人造板产品完全可以达标。问题在于麦秸原料纤维质量差、秸秆表面富含蜡质，采用木质人造板生产中使用的脲醛树脂存在许多问题。因此，目前在麦秸人造板生产中使用的胶粘剂仍为异氰酸酯(MDI)。据了解。目前市场上的异氰酸酯每吨的价格由原采的13000元增至20000元以上。昂贵的胶粘剂价格必然会导致麦秸人造板生产成本的上升。     

不宜盲目发展麦秸人造板

近来，国内外麦秸人造板生产设备及工艺技术趋向成熟，其生产的麦秸人造板产品完全可以达标。问题在于麦秸原料纤维质量差、秸秆表面富含蜡质，采用木质人造板生产中使用的脲醛树脂存在许多问题。因此，目前在麦秸人造板生产中使用的胶粘剂仍为异氰酸酯(MDI)。据了解，目前市场上的异氰酸酯每吨的价格由原来13000元增至20000元以上。昂贵的胶粘剂价格必然会导致麦秸人造板生产成本的上升。     

异氰酸酯胶麦秆刨花板施胶量的研究

以ＭＤＩ为胶粘剂制备麦秸刨花板，并通过试验确定合理的ＭＤＩ施加量。试验结果证明：①施胶量４％～５ ％可生产出合格的麦秸刨花板；在较佳工艺条件下，施胶量可降低至３％；②施胶量对产品ＴＳ有显著影响，对ＩＢ有影响，而对ＭＯＲ，Ｄ，Ｗ影响不大。     

异氰酸酯胶麦秸刨花板密度对力学性能的影响

着重讨论了密度对异氰酸酯胶麦秸刨花板各项力学性能的影响。得出试验结论，密度与各项力学性能呈多项式回归关系；当施胶量为４％时，密度为０．６ｇ／ｃｍ３的麦秸刨花板的力学性能完全满足国家标准要求；生产０．６ｇ／ｃｍ３的麦秸刨花板，在技术上是可靠的，在经济上是合理的。     

现有刨花板生产线生产麦秸均质板工艺设备适应性评价

对现有刨花板生产线进行改造，生产以麦秸为原料的麦秸均质板，是解决刨花板厂原料供应不足的有效途径之一。本文分析了我国目前刨花板厂的原料供应状况，对利用现有刨花板生产线生产麦秸均质板的工艺设备适应性进行了综合评价，并提出了设备改造方案。     

无机胶粘剂刨花饭简介

1无机胶粘剂刨花板的性能与分类 刨花板按其所使用的胶粘剂不同可分为普通刨花板(胶粘剂为脲醛树脂等有机胶粘剂)和无机胶粘剂刨花板.     

改性UF麦秸均质刨花板的工艺研究

通过试验确定了麦秸均质刨花板的主要工艺参数。其结果表明：１０ｍｍ厚麦秸均质刨花板的较优工艺参数为热压温度１５０℃、热压时间８ｍｉｎ、表层麦秸刨花的施胶量为１０％、芯层麦秸刨花的施胶量为８％、板密度０．７５ｇ／ｃｍ３、表芯层刨花比例为３：７。按照以上工艺条件压制的麦秸均质刨花板性能已达到均质刨花板的要求。     

MDI-UF混合胶麦秆刨花板产品的技术经济分析

本从生产规模、投资取向等方面入手，分析了MDI－UF混合胶麦秆刨花板产品的生产成本、盈利性和敏感性，从中得出MDI－UF混合胶麦秆刨花板制造技术具有较高推广价值，工业化生产前景良好。     

综合信息

麦秸刨花板受到普遍关注麦秸刨花板国内首次工业化生产试验成功１９９８年１２月２７日由河北省曲周人造板厂、省林科院及哈尔滨东大公司共同合作，利用曲周人造板厂现有刨花板生产线，试制出国内首张麦秸刨花板。曲周县人造板厂引进顺智公司具有见年代先进水平的单层大幅面刨花板生产线，年生产能力为４万ｍ３。经过对部分设备的调整及改造，确定科学的工艺参数，采用干法连续生产一次试压成功。该产品利用工业化生产线生产在国内尚属首次，产品经中国林科院国家检测中心检测，各项物理力学性能指标均符合ＧＢ／Ｔ４８９７－９２国家标准Ａ…     

刨花板用石蜡乳液的研制

国家标准对刨花板的吸水厚度膨胀率有一定的要求。因此,石蜡乳液防水剂是刨花板工业生产不可缺少的助剂之一,其质量的好坏与成本的高低对刨花板影响较大。试验表明,此种石蜡乳液防水性能好,成本较低。     

Effects of Lay-up structure on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Bamboo Bundle Board

The effects of lay-up layer numbers on laminated bamboo bundle board’s physical and mechanical properties and connection performance were analyzed.The results show that under the conditions of same layer numbers,along with the increase of the lay-up directions,the bending strength,bending modulus,compression strength and horizontal shear strength of the laminated board showed a downward trend,while using non-single direction lay-up structure,the board’s waterproof property was lower than that of single lay-up board, but the board’s connection performance was raised. Therefore,in the real application,with the condition of guaranteeing the mechanical properties of the board to meet operating requirements,the lay-up directions should be increased to improve the board’s connection performance and to increase the board’s safety.     

Effects of water soaking and outdoor exposure on modulus of rupture and internal bond strength of particleboard

Phenol–formaldehyde resin-bonded particleboard (PF board) and isocyanate resin-bonded particleboard (MDI board) were soaked in water at 40, 70 and 100 °C, and the relationships between soaking conditions and board properties were analyzed. The relationships between the deterioration of board properties resulting from water soaking and those arising from outdoor exposure were also analyzed. At 100 °C, the modulus of rupture (MOR) and internal bond strength (IB) of the PF board decreased significantly within the first hour, and subsequently constant values were shown with increasing soaking time. This low constant value was defined as the lower limit. At 70 °C, both the MOR and IB decreased with increasing soaking time, and reached the lower limit. At 40 °C, however, neither decreased significantly with increasing soaking time and neither reached the lower limit. The MOR of the MDI board showed the same trend as the PF board. However, the IB of the MDI board showed a different trend to the PF board, that is, the lower limit of IB required extensive soaking, even at 100 °C. The MOR and IB of both the PF and MDI boards reached the lower limit when thickness change peaked. On the other hand, the MOR and IB for outdoor exposure were lower than those for water soaking, even at the same thickness change. The MOR and IB of water soaking decreased owing to the collapse of the bonding points caused by board swelling. On the other hand, the board properties of outdoor exposure decreased owing to the collapse of the bonding points, and biodegradation also added to the decrease.     

异氰酸酯麦秸均质板的制造工艺

本文主要介绍了麦秸板板坯的传热速率、国产鬈与进口胶的性能差异；分析了不同施胶量、麦秸碎料增湿方式以及表、芯层不同施胶方法对麦秸板性能的影响；脲醛胶与MDI混合施胶效果评价等。研究结果表明：国产胶与进口胶的胶合性能相近，在总施胶量不变的情况下，表芯层施胶量的变化对板材内结合强度影响明显。     

Effects of water soaking and outdoor exposure on nail joint properties of particleboard

Phenol-formaldehyde resin-bonded particleboard (PF board) and isocyanate resin-bonded particleboard (MDI board) were soaked in water at 40, 70 and 100 °C, and the relationships between soaking conditions and nail joint properties were analyzed. The soaking time to reach the lower limit of nail-head pull-through (NHPT) of the PF board was 2 h at 100 °C, while it took 168 h at 70 °C. The soaking time to reach the lower limit of lateral nail resistance (LNR) of the PF board was 24 h at 100 °C, but it did not take 168 h at 70 °C to reach it. The lower limits of NHPT and LNR for the MDI board were higher than those for the PF board. For the PF board, there was a high correlation between modulus of rupture, internal bond strength and nail joint properties. Based on the results of water soaking and outdoor exposure, it was shown that thickness change has a significant effect on NHPT and LNR, and that the reduction in NHPT and LNR results from the collapse of bonding points owing to swelling of the board.     

Manufacture of Light-weight Composite Panel from Kenaf

Light-weight composite panels were manufactured using kenaf core particles as core material and kenaf bast fiber-woven sheets as top and bottom surfaces. Methylene diphenyldiisocyanate （MDI） resin was used as the adhesive with the resin content of 4% for core particles and 50 g/m^2 for bast fiberwoven sheets. The target board densities were set at 0.35.0.45 and 0.55 g/cm^3. The composite panels were evaluated With Japanese Industrial Standard for Particleboards （JIS A 5908- 2003）.The results show that the composite panel has high modulus of rupture and internal bonding strength. The properties of 0.45 g/cm^3 density composite panel are： MOR 20.4 MPa. MOE 1.94 MPa, IB 0.36 MPa, WA142%, TS 21%. Kenaf is a good raw material for making light-weight composite panels.     

稻草原料酸碱性及稻草中密度纤维板的性能

测试分析了稻草原料的ｐＨ值和缓冲容量，分别使用脲醛树脂胶和异氰酸酯胶在特定工艺条件下压制了稻草中密度纤维板，并测试了板材性能。结果表明：１）稻草秸秆原料呈弱碱性，缓冲容量远高于普通木材；经热磨处理获得的稻草纤维呈弱酸性，其缓冲容量虽较稻草秸秆有一定幅度的下降，但仍高于普通木材；２）脲醛树脂或异氰酸酯稻草中密度纤维板的性能都明显优于相应的碎料板；在密度０．８０ｇ／ｃｍ３和施胶量１７％的条件下，脲醛树脂稻草中密度纤维板性能达到国标ＧＢ／Ｔ１７６５７－１９９９一等品的要求，在密度０．８０ｇ／ｃｍ３和施胶量６％的条件下，异氰酸酯稻草中密度纤维板性能达到国标ＧＭ／Ｔ１７６５７－１９９９优等品要求。     

Manufacture of composite board using wood prunings and waste porcelain stone

The objective of this study was to develop a method for the effective use of both pruned wood and porcelain stone scrap. Thus, we manufactured a wood-porcelain stone composite board, which has excellent waterproof property and incombustibility properties. In addition, we examined the conditions needed to manufacture the wood-porcelain stone composite board as a construction material and evaluated the physical and mechanical properties of this board based on the Japanese Industrial Standard. The main results obtained were as follows: the wood-porcelain stone composite board made from pruned wood and porcelain stone scrap had excellent thickness swelling performance and the board had incombustibility properties that were better than commercial oriented strand board. In both single-layer and three-layer composite boards with weight ratios of porcelain stone particles of 40%, the internal bond strength exceeded the standard value of type 18 particleboard of JIS A 5908. However, the bending properties of the composite board were inferior to the type 18 particleboard standard. Therefore, it will be necessary to improve the bending properties of the board by changing the particle sizes of both the porcelain stone scrap and the pruned wood component. Part of this article was presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society at Hiroshima, August 2007     

麦秸人造板胶合机理的研究

测定了麦秸表面的自由能以及异氰酸酯（ＭＤＩ）和脲醛树脂（ＵＦ）胶粘剂对麦秸表面的接触角，并用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）研究了这两种胶粘剂与麦秸之间的热反应特征。其结果表明：麦秸表面的自由能较低；ＭＤＩ与ＵＦ相比，前者对麦秸有较好的润湿性能。ＭＤＩ自身的热反应特征平稳，它可以与水发生反应。研究还表明，ＵＦ和改性ＵＦ相比，两者热反应特征明显不同，后者的吸热反应较前者提前，总吸热量减少。     

杉木指接集成板的生产工艺与技术

采用南方速生杉木制造指接集成板,从杉木材性、加工工艺、设备性能、材料利用率、生产成本、产品质量和市场需求等方面出发,研究和分析了南方速生杉木制造指接集成板的特点和应掌握的技术问题.结果表明,这种杉木有高胶接强度和浸渍剥离强度,但自身剪切强度较低.采取恰当的工艺与技术,用南方速生杉木可以生产出满足市场需求的较高质量的指接集成板.