禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒检测方法研究进展

禽网状内皮组织增生症(RE)是危害养禽业的一种重要病毒性肿瘤病。本文概述了禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)实验室检测方法的研究进展。在细胞生物学方面,主要依靠病毒分离培养、病毒电镜形态检查、病毒特异性抗原及其抗体的检查等。在分子生物学方面,主要依靠国内外相继建立起的PCR、荧光定量PCR、LAMP技术及斑点分子杂交等。介绍和比较了各种方法的优缺点和实用性,为临床兽医科技工作者建立快速、简便、准确、实用的检测方法提供参考。     

重庆市禽白血病及禽网状内皮组织增生症的血清流行病学调查

禽白血病和禽网状内皮组织增生症均为禽的肿瘤性免疫抑制疾病,是危害养鸡业的两种非常重要的病毒性传染病。为调查重庆市肉鸡中禽白血病及禽网状内皮组织增生症的流行情况,在北碚区、涪陵区、开县、垫江县、潼南县五个区（县）的8个活禽交易市场采集260份血清样本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测了所有血清中禽白血病病毒（ALV）和禽网状内皮组织增生病毒（REV）的抗体。检测结果显示：禽白血病病毒和禽网状内皮组织增生病毒抗体阳性率分别为16.5%（43/260）和5%（13/260）,双抗体阳性率为4.61%（12/260）。与全国其他地区相比,重庆市肉鸡中这两种病原的感染率相对要低,但仍应重视这两种疾病的防控,以控制病原的进一步传播。     

广西部分规模场禽网状内皮增生症流行病学调查

通过ELISA方法对广西6个规模场的874份血清样品进行禽网状内皮病毒抗体检测,结果发现血清抗体阳性率平均为79.63%;用PCR方法对6个规模场的18个批次的鸡痘疫苗和8个批次的禽马立克氏病疫苗进行禽网状内皮增生症病毒检测,结果18个批次的鸡痘疫苗检测出1个批次为禽网状内皮增生症病毒阳性,8个批次的马立克氏病疫苗均未检测出禽网状内皮增生症病毒。     

重庆市禽白血病及禽网状内皮组织增生症的血清流行病学调查

禽白血病和禽网状内皮组织增生症均为禽的肿瘤性免疫抑制疾病,是危害养鸡业的两种非常重要的病毒性传染病。为调查重庆市肉鸡中禽白血病及禽网状内皮组织增生症的流行情况,在北碚区、涪陵区、开县、垫江县、潼南县五个区(县)的8个活禽交易市场采集260份血清样本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测了所有血清中禽白血病病毒(ALV)和禽网状内皮组织增生病毒(REV)的抗体。检测结果显示:禽白血病病毒和禽网状内皮组织增生病毒抗体阳性率分别为16.5%(43/260)和5%(13/260),双抗体阳性率为4.61%(12/260)。与全国其他地区相比,重庆市肉鸡中这两种病原的感染率相对要低,但仍应重视这两种疾病的防控,以控制病原的进一步传播。     

部分禽源生物制品外源病毒的检测

进行了部分禽用生物制品外源病毒检测的鸡胚检查法、细胞检查法和鸡检查法。鸡胚检查法应用SPF鸡胚检验;细胞检查法主要通过鸡红细胞吸附试验、禽白血病病毒ELISA和禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒IFA检验疫苗是否含有外源鸡红细胞吸附因子、禽白血病病毒和禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒,并提出疫苗检验的判定标准,为各兽用生物制品生产企业新城疫疫苗的外源病毒检验提供参考。     

免疫抑制鸡群鸡传染性贫血病毒和网状内皮增生症病毒共感染检测

分别用digoxigenin标记的鸡传染性贫血病毒（CAV)和禽网状内皮增生症病毒（REV）核酸探针以及PCR技术对某种鸡场进行检测，检测结果表明，在20个样品中，CAV和REV感染的阳性率分别为10％和5％，这一结果显示，CAV和REV感染是导致该鸡场发生免疫抑制的主要病因之一。     

禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒与禽生物制品质量控制

禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒（ＲＥＶ）是禽网状内皮组织增生病（ＲＥ）的病原，属反转录病毒种禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒中的一种。该病毒主要侵害火鸡，也能引起鸡、鹅、鹌鹑和鸭等禽类以淋巴－网状细胞增生为特征的肿瘤性的病理综合征。主要表现为急性网状组织细胞增生、...     

鸡传染性贫血病的研究进展

鸡传染性贫血病（CIA）是由鸡传染性贫血病毒（CIAV）引起的一种以雏鸡再生障碍性贫血和全身淋巴组织萎缩为主要特征的病毒性传染病。它和马立克氏病病毒（MDV）、传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）、网状内皮增生症病毒（REV）、禽白血病病毒（ALV）和禽呼肠孤病毒（ARV）是危害养鸡业最常见的免疫抑制性病毒。     

从病鸡肿瘤组织中同时检测出网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)和J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)

禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒（reticuendotheliosis virus,REV）是禽网状内皮组织增殖病的病原,属反转录病毒科中C型致肿瘤病毒类的一种.该病毒主要侵害火鸡,但也能引起鸡、鸭等禽类以淋巴-网状组织增生为特征的肿瘤性的病理综合征[1～2].REV基因组两端的长末端重复序列（LTR）非常保守,同源性在94%以上[4].通过PCR方法,特异性地扩增REV LTR序列常被用作检测REV存在的方法[4～6].     

双重PCR检测禽源生物制品中禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒和禽白血病病毒

为了快速、准确检测禽源生物制品中的禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)和禽白血病病毒(ALV),根据GenBank中登录的REV参考毒株LTR基因序列和ALV P27基因序列,设计合成2对特异性引物。在建立各病毒单项PCR检测技术的基础上,优化反应条件,建立2种病毒的双重PCR检测方法。结果:可同时扩增REV的467 bp和ALV的675 bp的特异性片段,而对其他5种禽病病原的PCR扩增结果均为阴性。敏感性测定结果表明,该双重PCR技术能检出10 pg的ALV和10 pg的REV模板。用双重PCR技术与REV的间接免疫荧光法及ALV ELISA对245份疫苗株检测,进行同步比较,结果总符合率为100%。表明建立的双重PCR检测方法,具有特异、快速、准确的特点,对这2种外源病毒的同时检测,显示出了较好的可行性。     

水貂出血性肺炎的实验室诊断方法研究进展

水貂出血性肺炎是由铜绿假单胞菌引起的严重威胁养貂业的重要疾病之一。文中概述了水貂出血性肺炎的实验室诊断方法研究进展,在病原学方面,主要依靠细菌分离培养、生化试验、特异性抗原及其抗体的检查等;在分子生物学方面,主要依靠国内外相继建立起的PCR技术和LAMP技术等。介绍和比较了各种方法的优缺点和实用性,为临床兽医科技工作者建立快速、简便、准确、实用的诊断提供参考。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒检测方法研究进展

介绍了猪流行性腹泻病毒实验室检测方法的研究进展,在细胞生物学方面,主依靠病毒分离培养、病毒电镜形态检查、病毒特异性抗原及其抗体的检查等检测方法;在分子生物学方面,主依靠核酸杂交技术、RT—PCR法和实时荧光定量RT—PCR法等检测方法。介绍和比较了各种方法的优缺点和实用性,为临床兽医科技工作者提供参考。     

Occurrence of reticuloendotheliosis in Chinese partridge

Two commercial flocks of Chinese partridge experienced increased mortality associated with a wasting disease at 120-day old in June 2006. Postmortem examination of dead chickens consistently showed visceral tissues mainly proventriculus, liver and spleen were diffuse enlargement. Microscopic examination revealed masses of immature lymphocytes with frequent mitotic figures were seen in various tissues including proventriculus, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lung, thymus and intestine. Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was isolated from each of four blood samples. Viral antigens were observed in cultured CEF (SPF embryos came from the Ji-nan poultry institute) inoculated blood samples via on indirect immunofluorescent assay. Three hundred bp fragments of LTR of REV obtained from liver samples of six chickens by PCR. This disease has not previously been reported in Chinese partridge. Chinese partridge may represent a potential reservoir of infection for other Chinese local chickens.     

商品代肉鸡群中禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒和马立克氏病病毒的混合感染

山东兖州某商品代肉鸡场的 2 0日龄肉鸡开始出现大批死亡 ,剖检发现肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和心脏等主要脏器均出现大小不等的肿瘤结节 ,采用细胞培养和间接荧光抗体试验的方法从这些病料中同时分离到了禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒 (REV)和马立克氏病病毒 (MDV) ,通过组织病理学检查和斑点杂交的方法表明该鸡场的疫病为REV和MDV共感染引起的肿瘤病。这是国内从商品代肉鸡中同时分离到REV和MDV的首次报道     

禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒和马立克氏病病毒共感染对鸡的致肿瘤作用

用禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒(REV)和马立克氏病病毒(MDV)共感染肉鸡，研究这2种病毒对鸡的致瘤作用，结果表明肉鸡共感染MDV和REV后13d即可发生死亡．接种后100d死亡率达84％。死亡鸡的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和心脏等可以形成2种外观明显不同的散在的大肿瘤结节和弥漫性的小肿瘤结节。取发病鸡的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心脏和腺胃等组织样品做连续石蜡切片，HE染色后发现这些脏器均存在2种不同类型的肿瘤细胞增生。对这些连续切片分别用MDV和REV的单克隆抗体进行间接荧光试验，则同1份样品存在可以与REV和MDV分别呈现阳性反应的肿瘤细胞团，结果表明REV和MDV可以在感染鸡的体内分别诱发形成肿瘤。在接种后14、21、28和42d随机采集3只鸡的全血分离MDV和REV，均可以同时分离到MDV和REV。表明REV和MDV的共感染延长了病毒血症的时间。     

不同方法对网状内皮组织增殖病病毒的检测

从山东、江苏、上海等地的鸡场中，收集疑为网状内皮组织增殖病病毒（REV）感染鸡的脾脏、肝脏56份，分别通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）、斑点杂交试验（Dot-blot)和间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）对其进行REV检测。结果有21份呈PCR阳性，20份呈Dot-blot阳性，15份呈IFA阳性，且所有IFA阳性样品，PCR和Dot-blot检测都呈阳性，20份Dot-blot阳性样品中有19份呈PCR阳性。研究表明，PCR检测REV较其他方法敏感，可作为REV的常规检测方法之一。     

Reticuloendotheliosis virus integration in the fowl poxvirus genome: not a recent event

Integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) into the genome of fowl poxvirus (FPV) has been reported recently. With a view to determine whether this event had occurred in the past, we screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of REV provirus in the DNAs of nine avian poxviruses, some of which had been lyophilized 50 yr ago. For REV, 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) and REV envelope sequences were amplified, whereas for FPV, the major envelope antigen gene and the region flanking REV sequences were amplified. In six of seven FPV strains examined, the specific PCR amplicons were obtained for both REV provirus and FPV sequences. One isolate in which presence of REV 5' LTR and envelope was not detected by PCR, a LTR remnant was detected by Southern hybridization. Interestingly, no REV sequence was detected in either canary poxvirus or pigeon poxvirus genome. These observations indicate that REV integration in the FPV genome is not a recent phenomenon but probably occurred prior to 1949.     

PCR结合斑点杂交技术在检测禽网状内皮增生病毒中的应用

为评价PCR结合斑点杂交技术在鸡REV检测中的应用价值,采用PCR法制备禽网状内皮细胞增生症病毒特异性地高辛标记DNA探针,同时用PCR技术、斑点杂交方法和PCR产物斑点杂交方法检测了不同地区的病、死鸡的组织样品REV的感染情况。结果表明,PCR产物斑点杂交法的检出率(45.16%,14/31)高于组织DNA直接斑点杂交法(32.26%,10/31),显著高于单纯PCR扩增法(0%,0/31)。PCR结合斑点杂交检测技术能快速、敏感、准确,充分避免PCR中的假阴性和假阳性现象,值得推广应用。     

Comparison of the specificity and sensitivity of PCR, nested PCR, and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of histomoniasis

Blackhead, also known as enterohepatitis, is caused by a protozoan parasite called Histomonas meleagridis. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific. Until now, diagnosis has been mainly based on postmortem lesions and microscopical and histopathological examination. In many cases, especially in layer flocks, these conventional methods are not sufficient, as the lesions are sometimes not clear. The technique for isolation of histomonads in vitro offers many advantages, but the confirmation of histomonads growing in culture may require a time-consuming procedure of rectal inoculation of culture material into chickens or turkeys. The aim of our investigation was to establish a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a nested PCR, and a real-time PCR, and to examine their specificity as well as sensitivity in the diagnosis of histomoniasis. The obtained results have shown that the conventional PCR is more sensitive than the real-time PCR. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the PCR can be increased by adding the nested PCR. However, the real-time PCR is more specific.     

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) long terminal repeats incorporated in the genomes of commercial fowl poxvirus vaccines and pigeon poxviruses without indication of the presence of infectious REV

Because of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) contamination in commercial poultry vaccines, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have been described to increase the sensitivity of biological assays used to detect REV in vaccines. The PCR assay designed to amplify the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of REV identified REV LTRs in many of the commercial fowl poxvirus (FPV) vaccines evaluated. These commercial vaccines were not thought to be contaminated with replicating REV because of the lack of REV outbreaks, the lack of in vitro amplification, and lack of a serologic response to REV. As previously described, the FPV S vaccine strain is known to carry infectious integrated proviral REV, whereas FPV M vaccine strain and its derivatives carry integrated LTRs or remnants of REV proviral DNA inserted into the FPV genome. Another PCR assay designed to amplify the envelope gene of REV was used to verify that the envelope proviral gene was not present in REV LTR PCR-positive samples. Southern blot analysis with REV LTR probes hybridized to the 9-kb EcoRI genomic fragment of all FPV and pigeon poxviruses evaluated, whereas the envelope probe did not hybridize to any poxvirus genome. Sequence analysis of the 9-kb EcoRI fragment indicated that an integrated REV LTR exists in the 9-kb EcoRI of some poxvirus genomes. A new PCR assay designed to amplify integrated REV LTRs in the 9-kb EcoRI fragment identified complete and incomplete integrated REV LTRs in all FPV and pigeon poxvirus genomes evaluated.