Alcohol and caffeine: effect on inferred visual dreaming

In seven subjects, a large amount of alcohol, taken at bedtime, reduced the total duration of stage 1 electroencephalographic-rapid-eye-movement periods in the first 5 hours of sleep; a moderate amount of caffeine produced no significant change.     

速溶芦笋粉改善睡眠作用研究

[目的]评价以芦笋为原料开发的功能食品速溶芦笋粉改善睡眠功效.[方法]通过60名志愿者试食实验,每日食用一次,一次两袋(24G),连续食用60d,进行睡眠状况评估,同时测定安全性指标及失眠相关内分泌指标,观察速溶芦笋粉对人体睡眠障碍的改善作用.[结果]速溶芦笋粉可明显增加有失眠困扰测评者有效睡眠时间,由5.1 h延长至6.1 h;缩短人睡时间,由50.4 min缩短到25.3 min;醒后再入睡时间明显减少,平均时间由46.5 h减少至19.5 h,食用前后差异显著(P＜0.05),测评者对睡眠质量改善满意度较高.食用后无肝肾功能影响,具有较好的安全性.速溶芦笋粉可以降低皮质醇、去甲肾上腺素水平,提高5-羟色胺、多巴胺水平.[结论]人体试食试验表明,速溶芦笋粉有改善睡眠质量作用,安全有效,其改善睡眠作用可能与调节HPA轴或调节5-羟色胺分泌相关.     

头枕高度对侧卧睡眠舒适性的影响

通过人体侧卧时头部及颈肩部压力分布测试、舒适感主观评价及相关性分析,以及人体胸颈部脊柱定位点分析和肩颧距测量等方法,研究承重后头枕高度变化对人体睡眠舒适性变化的影响。结果发现:侧卧人群宜选择承重后高度7～8cm的睡枕;枕高5cm时,脊柱上部呈"凸"字形状,枕高14cm时,脊柱上部呈"\"字形状;肩颧距与舒适枕高值存在较高的正相关性,最佳枕高值小于肩颧距。该结果可为侧卧枕高的个性化设计提供依据。     

一种复方植物精油改善睡眠质量的功效性评价

为寻找一种纯天然且简便有效的方式来改善睡眠障碍者的睡眠状况,研究募集了20例青年睡眠障碍者(年龄18~34岁),经连续嗅吸含薰衣草和芳樟精油为主的复方精油,并监测受试者α、β、θ、δ波等睡眠脑电波变化,同时填写匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)。结果显示,嗅吸该复方精油后17例受试者在思睡期β、α波百分比减少/增加≥2%;入睡期θ波百分比减少增加量≥2%;且浅睡期αθ波百分比增加量≥2%;同时在中-深度睡眠期(S3-30min)δ波百分比增加量≥2%,数据表明17例受试者质量得到有效改善。通过GC-MS技术分析鉴定助眠复方精油的化学成分,确定其精油主要成分为柠檬烯、芳樟醇和乙酸芳樟酯。     

睡眠运动中女王竹芋叶枕的细胞形态学分析

[目的]研究睡眠运动的机理,分析睡眠运动中的叶枕的形态学变化。[方法]以温室中女王竹芋为研究材料,用石蜡切片法对处于不同运动状态下竹芋的叶枕进行细胞形态学观察与分析。[结果]睡眠状态下的叶枕部韧皮纤维细胞体积增大,而觉醒状态下的叶枕部韧皮纤维细胞体积缩小。[结论]叶枕部细胞吸水撑大后叶子就张开,叶枕细胞排水缩小后叶子就闭合。     

枕芯材料对侧卧睡眠舒适性的影响研究

通过侧卧时人体头、颈、臂部体压分布测试、舒适感主观评价、主客观相关性分析、材料间方差分析及纵向压力分布曲线等分析方法,研究枕芯材料变化对侧卧睡眠舒适性的影响。结果发现:枕芯材料之间方差分析p=0.005<0.01,表明所选材料间差异性显著,对体压指标及主观舒适度评价有较大影响;乳胶和荞麦皮在作为枕芯材料时弹性及透气性较好,总体舒适性较高,颈部能得到有力支撑,可缓解颈部肌肉疲劳;枕芯材料为记忆海绵、化纤和珍珠棉时,总体舒适性评价一般;充气和中药/茶叶枕舒适性评价最低,透气性较差,弹性较差。     

农用无线传感器网络低功耗休眠算法应用研究

无线传感器网络技术在农业上得到广泛应用,传感器节点能量有限,但是农业环境对无线传感器网络的能耗要求更高。如何最大限度地利用有限的能量,延长网络节点电池的供电时长成为了研究农业无线传感器网络的关键问题之一。本文从优化无线传感器网络拓扑结构及优化节点同步/休眠机制入手,研究在不影响网络通讯质量的前提下,实现网络同步及休眠,降低传感器节点能耗。选择了一种树形网络拓扑结构,提出了一种逐级休眠唤醒同步的节点时间同步、休眠方式,在JENIC5139平台进行了试验。结果表明,该网络拓扑结构及休眠方式,进一步降低功耗,大大延长了农用无线传感器网络电池的供电时间,从而提高网络的生存期。     

Sleep disorders: disorders of arousal? Enuresis, somnambulism, and nightmares occur in confusional states of arousal, not in "dreaming sleep"

In summary, the classical sleep disorders of nocturnal enuresis, somnambulism, the nightmare, and the sleep terror occur preferentially during arousal from slow-wave sleep and are virtually never associated with the rapid-eye-movement dreaming state. Original data are reported here which indicate that physiological differences from normal subjects, of a type predisposing the individual to a particular attack pattern, are present throughout the night. The episode, at least in the case of enuresis, appears to be simply a reinforcement of these differences to a clinically overt level. A number of features are common to all four sleep disorders. These had been shown previously to be attributable to the arousal itself. New data obtained by means of evoked potential techniques suggest that these common symptoms of the confusional period that follows non-REM sleep are related to alterations of cerebral reactivity, at least of the visual system. The symptoms which distinguish the individual attack types (that is, micturition, prolonged confusional fugues, overt terror) appear to be based upon physiological changes present throughout sleep which are markedly accentuated during arousal from slow-wave sleep. These changes may in some way be related to diurnal psychic conflicts. But, to date, it has proved impossible to demonstrate potentially causal psychological activity, dreaming or other forms of mental activity, or even a psychological void in sleep just preceding the attacks. The presence of all-night or even daytime predisposing physiological changes and the difficulty in obtaining any solid evidence of a preceding psychological cause explain, no doubt, why the results of efforts to cure the disorders at the moment of their occurrence (for example, by conditioning procedures in nocturnal enuresis) have been far from satisfactory. I stress the points that the attacks are best considered disorders of arousal and that the slow-wave sleep arousal episode which sets the stage for these attacks is a normal cyclic event. Indeed it is the most intense recurrent arousal that an individual regularly experiences. The most fruitful possibilities for future research would appear to be more detailed studies of those physiological changes that predispose individuals to certain types of attacks when they undergo intense arousal or stress; the reversal of these changes by psychological or pharmacological means; and more refined investigations of the physiological and psychological characteristics of the process of cyclic arousal from non-REM sleep.     

保护地蔬菜病虫害发生特点及其综合防治

根据保护地蔬菜病虫害发生特点,掌握综合防治方法,把病虫为害损失控制在经济允许水平之下,达到优质、高产、低成本和农产品无污染的目的。     

加拿大的农业科技及其组织管理

本文详细介绍了加拿大农业科技体制改革及其组织,其总的研究发展方向由加拿大政府掌握.把科技政策、研究发展方向和国家需要结合起来通盘考虑,自上而下提出科研项目.     

高校思想政治教育与创新创业教育的双向构建

高校顺应社会经济发展要求,越来越重视思想政治教育与创新创业教育的融合。分析了思想政治教育与创新创业教育的互动关系,阐述了思想政治教育与创新创业教育双向构建优势,提出了构建的对策:教育理念层面实现互相融合、教学内容层面实现丰富升华、实践活动层面实现有机结合和组织管理层面实现系统完备。     

Induction and survival of hemoglobin-less and erythrocyte-less tadpoles and young bullfrogs

Injection of two 25-microgram-per-gram doses of the hemolytic agent phenylhydrazine reduced the hemoglobin level and the erythrocyte count to less than 1 percent of normal tadpole and young blullfrog blood. These anemic animals survive for weeks with little change in overall metabolism. A slow recovery of hemoglobin levels was observed. The implications of this observation for comparative biochemistry are considered.     

牡蛎的营养保健功能及其开发利用

介绍了牡蛎的营养价值、保健功能和产品开发利用的现状,并分析了牡蛎产品开发的前景及存在的问题。     

隰县河沟流域水土流失及其防治对策

在综合调查的基础上,分析了隰县河沟流域水土流失形式、分布、危害及其形成原因,并据此提出了调整土地利用结构,加强基本农田建设,适当发展果树和经济林、建立生物和工程相结合的水土流失综合控制体系,为建设高产、优质、高效农业提供保障,积极发展多种经营,重视庭院经济及聚落周围经济建设的研究,加快水土流失综合治理步伐。     

万寿菊病虫害的发生与防治措施

万寿菊又名金盏花、臭芙蓉 ,千寿菊、蜂窝菊 ,属菊科万寿菊属一年生草本植物。黑龙江省八五三农场人工栽培万寿菊主要是取其花朵作为提取黄色素的原料。在正常条件下 ,种植万寿菊可实现公顷产鲜花 2 2 .5t以上、产值可达 135 0 0元左右、利润可达6 0 0 0元左右 ,经济效益较好。     

Effects of fish and plankton and lake temperature and mixing depth

A comparative study of small temperate lakes (<20 square kilometers) indicates that the mixing depth or epilimnion is directly related to light penetration measured as Secchi depth. Clearer lakes have deeper mixing depths. This relation is the result of greater penetration of incident solar radiation in lakes and enclosures with high water clarity. Data show that light penetration is largely a function of size distribution and biomass of algae as indicated by a relation between the index of plankton size distribution (slope) and Secchi depth. Larger or steeper slopes (indicative of communities dominated by small plankton) are associated with shallower Secchi depth. In lakes with high abundances of planktivorous fish, water clarity or light penetration is reduced because large zooplankton, which feed on small algae, are reduced by fish predation. The net effect is a shallower mixing depth, lower metalimnetic temperature and lower heat content in the water column. Consequently, the biomass and size distribution of plankton can change the thermal structure and heat content of small lakes by modifying light penetration.     

池州市农业科技创新与转化存在问题及对策

本文对当地农业科技创新与转化情况及存在问题进行了分析,并结合实际提出了相应对策.