TM影像目视判读在"两项调查"中的应用

目视判读是云南省重点地区天然林保护工程区和重点生态工程区森林资源遥感调查的关键步骤.通过对目视判读应用原理的阐述及判读因子正判率的分析,指出目视判读中存在1.卫星影像;2.卫星影像分析;3.目视判读标志;4.辅助资料的应用;5.专业知识及野外调查经验等问题.为提高判读精度,提出1.选择理想的卫星影像;2.进行预判;3.建立完整的目视判读标志;4.合理利用辅助资料;5.充分发挥专业知识和野外调查经验;6.加强现地验证等的对策措施.     

关于我国林业发展建设的几点建议

根据现代林业的发展趋势及国家对林业建设的要求 ,笔者结合多年林业工作的实践 ,对当前中国林业的发展提出 10点建议 :1.林业生态建设应实行生态区域管理 ;2 .实行林业及森林资源的分类经营 ;3.“天保”工程应实现三个目标 ;4 .促进人工林天然化 ;5 .实现商品用材林良种化和丰产化 ;6 .积极发展数字林业 ;7.林产工业的三大发展方向 ;8.开发林区生态产业 ;9.加强制度创新 ;10 .把握住“六大工程”建设的契机     

4种山茶花营养成分及有害元素含量分析

The nutritional components and poisonous elements in flowers of Camellia chekiangoleosa, C. polydonta, C. semiserrata and C. azalea were studied. The results indicated that the soluble sugar content of the four Camellia flowers had no difference. The maximum protein content was 82.9 g·kg^-1, detected in the flower of C. semiserrata. And the minimum protein content was 56.8 g·kg^-1, found in C. azalea. Vitamin C and β-carotene contents in C. azalea and C. semiserrata were higher, and in C. polydonta and C. chekiangoleosa were lower. The total amino acid contents of the four Camellia were 68.41、67.26、50.77、66.87 g·kg^-1 respectively, the essential amino acid contents were 33.86、32.70、27.21、33.79 g·kg^-1 respectively, and the proportion of essential amino acid in total amino acid of the four Camellia were 49.50%, 48.62%, 53.59% and 50.53% respectively. The contents of Ca, Mn and Cu in C. chekiangoleosa were the highest. Zn and Se contents were the maximum and Ca was the minimum in C. polydonta. The contents of Fe and Se were the lowest in C. semiserrata. Fe content were the maximum and Mn, Zn and Cu the minimum in C. azalea. The trace element contents in the flower of the four Camellia species followed the order of Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, but the content of Fe was higher than that of Mn in C. azalea. The contents of Pb, Cd, As and Hg of the four Camellia flower were all lower than the permissible amount.     

油茶SRAP-PCR反应体系的优化

Camellia oleifera is one of the important oil tree species in south China, and C. oleifera industry is quickly developed with the support of the national policies in recent years. The disorder of C. oleifera varieties is one of the key issues restricting the development of C. oleifera industry. Because of high polymorphism, good repeatability, less use of DNA and so on, SRAP as a new marker was used in identification of cultivars, analysis of genetic resources and genetic diversity in recent years. In this paper, the orthogonal design was used to optimize SRAP-PCR system for C. oleifera by 5 factors (Mg²⁺, dNTPs, primer, Taq polymerase, DNA template) and 4 levels, respectively. The data were analyzed by software SPSS V13.0. A suitable SRAP-PCR system (20 μL) was established as: 75 ng DNA template, 1.5 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺, 0.15 mmol·L^-1 dNTPs, 1U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.4 μmol·L^-1 primer, 1×PCR buffer. The result of optimal SRAP-PCR system will provide a foundation for the identification of C. oleifera cultivars.     

杨树伐桩嫁接与植苗林的生长及碳储量的比较

The leaf nutrient, biomass and carbon reserve of 9-year-old Populus×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ stump grafting stand with 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’as rootstock, 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ planting stands were compared. The result showed that the average increment and the annual average increment of stump grafting stand were greater than the two planting stands. The total nitrogen content in leaves of stump grafting stand was the highest, and it was 1.26 times and 1.05 times as much as that of the planting stands of Populus×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ separately. The total phosphorus content of stump grafting stand was 1.3 times as much as that of planting stand of 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’, but there was little difference between stump graftin stand and planting stand of 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. The total potassium of stump grafting stand was 46.6% and 95.8% lesser than that of the planting stands of P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. The biomass of aerial parts and the biomasses of trunk, branches and leaves of stump grafting stand were 1.84, 1.80, 1.76, and 3.00 times as much as that of planting stand of P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ separately. The total root biomass of the stump grafting stand was 1.42 times and 7.68 times as much as that of planting stands of 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. There was an obvious advantage in carbon reserve from all the parts of the stump grafting stand and the carbon sequestration capacity was the highest, which was 2.66 times and 1.62 times as much as that of planting stands of 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. These showed that the stump grafting stand had more advantages than planting stands.     

不同基质配方对金叶榆容器苗质量的影响

Through Ulmus pumila cv. 'Jinye’ container-growing seedling cultivation experiment with 4 types of media or 9 media formulas, the seedling height, the stem and crown diameter indexes of U. pumila cv. jinye were measured. These indexes were significantly or extreme significantly different among various media. The growth of seedling root system varied with different media. The rooting and root number in soft media were much better than that in dense media. According to the growth traits of above-ground and underground parts of U. pumila cv. jinye seedlings, the medium suitable for U. pumila cv. jinye seedling growth was defined as media type I, whose ratio of C/N was 17.7—18.1, the density was higher than 0.26 g·cm^-3. Grown on this medium, the height, stem diameter and crown diameter of U. pumila cv. jiny were 1.34—1.57 m, 1.36—1.50 cm and 59.6—73.9 cm, respectively. The results of experiment showed also that the physical property played an active role in cultural media, so a good initial medium could provide great assistance of fertilization and water management in seedling culture.     

Research Advances in Interplay of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Other Key Biological Factors Related to Pine Wilt Disease

Pine wilt disease is fatal to pine trees, which has become the most dangerous biological disaster in forest historically (Chai Ximin et al. 2003; Yang Baojun et al. 2003; Zhang Xingyao et al. 2003). The outbreak and epidemic of pine wilt disease relate closely to host trees, insect vector and symbiotic microorganisms, and its pathogenic mechanism is not clear so far (Tominaga et al. 1984; Ishikawa et al. 1986; Shuto et al. 1987; Stamps et al. 1998a; Cheng yuexin et al. 2005; Tan Jiajin et …     

根癌农杆菌介导的反义VeFAD2基因对少根根霉的遗传转化及其影响因子

Agrobacteriurn tumefaciens-mediated transformation (AtMT) method was used to study the genetic transformation in Rhizopus arrhizus of antisense expression vector pBI121-fad2 of VeFAD₂ gene. We studied the key factors influencing transformation, such as A.tumefaciens strains,bacterial cell volume initially used, co-cultivation time, effective period and concentration of AS. The results shows that the ideal A.tumefaciens strain is AGL-1, the optimum bacterial cell volume initially used is 50-100 μL and co-culture 24 hours will get the most transformants. At co-culture period, AS induction is indispensable. It is beneficial to improve transformation ratio by adding to 200 μmol·L^-1 AS at preincubate period and increasing AS concentration to 400-600 μmol·L^-1 at co-culture period. It determined that antisense VeFAD₂ gene has been integrated into the genome of R. arrhizus by PCR-Southern detection.     

利用蒲螨和管氏肿腿蜂防治双条杉天牛幼虫

Pyemotes sp. and Scleroderma guani were used to control the larvae of Semanotus bifasciatus. The results as follows: (1) the suitable control time of Pyemotes sp.was from early April to early May. The reason was that in this time, the larvae of S. bifasciatus were young and not bored into xylem that was so easy to be parasitized by Pyemotes sp. With the parasitic rate 80% in average. Indoor experiment showed that the Pyemotes sp. had the same tropism selection to every instar for the host, but the parasitic rate was higher in low instar than other instars.(2)Using Scleroderma guani to control S. bjfasciatus, the suitable time was from mid May to mid June, the optimal ratio of host and parasite was 1∶ 1. Indoor experiment showed that Scleroderma guani had strong tropism toward middle-aged and elder larvae, the parasite linger around them and choose suitable position on hosts where they could lay eggs successfully. This behavior showed that Scleroderma guani had strict selectivity for their hosts. In experiment, the authors found a phenomenon that in one trap wood, both the Pyemotes sp. and Scleroderma guani could be found at the same time, they themselves did not affect each other and otherwise they could increase the parasitic rate for host. So, the authors suggested that in practice to control pests especially for boring pests, the Scleroderma guani and Pyemotes sp could be used at the same time.     

杂交常绿卫矛与其父母本的抗寒生理特性比较

Euonymus evergreen hybrid(1#, 2#, 3#) and their parents (Euonymus japonicus‘Zhuzi’, E. kiautschovicus) were studied to test whether their cold resistance were stronger than their parents in the winter. The result showed The semi-lethal temperatures (LT₅₀) were assessed separately by electrolyte leakage, the result showed that the LT₅₀ of 1#, 2#, 3#, E. japonicus‘Zhuzi’ and E. kiautschovicus were 36℃, 32.1℃, -28.5℃, -26.9℃, and -28℃ respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) in 3# were higher than that of the others, but there was no significant difference among the other varieties. The contents of proline in leaves of E. japonicus‘Zhuzi’ were higher than that of Euonymus evergreen hybrids and E. kiautschovicus. The present study indicates that the hybrid evergreen euonymus and their parents had different mechanisms of cold-resistance.     

纵观世界林业问题试论我国林业对策

作者分析了当前世界林业发展趋势和普遍关注的问题,结合中国林业面临的主要矛盾,提出了今后林业发展对策:1.解决林业的认识问题,摆正林业在国民经济中的位置;2.林业政策要长期稳定,制定有利于发展林业的一系列经济扶持改策;3.要制定全国林业发展的战略规划;4.加强以法治林;5.把林业科研、教育当作战略重点来抓;6.逐步完善和加强林业产业的宏观管理体系;7.加强国际间的经济、技术合作与交流工作。     

郁金香授粉后雌蕊生理生化变化的初步研究

The protective enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT) activities and soluble protein content of pistil after pollination were compared between interspecific-cross and self-cross of cultivar, using Tulipa specie (T. tianschanica) from Xinjiang and T. gesneriana cultivars ('Kees Nelis’, 'Negrita’) as test materials. The results showed that all the SOD, POD, CAT activities and soluble protein content changed after interspecific and self pollination, which means that the recognition between pollen and stigma can be initiated effectively when pollen fell on stigma despite of genetic relationship. Fluctuant changes were observed in 5 hours after pollination for protective enzyme activities and soluble protein content, and the fluctuation tendencies were different between interspecific and self pollination, as well as between 'Kees Nelis’ ×T. tianschanica and 'Negrita’×T. tianschanica. Self pollination appeared peaks of POD and CAT activities preceding interspecific pollination. Self pollination showed a larger rise and maintained rise for longer time than interspecific pollination. The SOD activity of 'Kees Nelis’ ×T. tianschanica changed more than that of 'Negrita’×T. tianschanica, meanwhile, the soluble protein content of the former declined preceding that of the latter. These differences were probably attributed to genetic relationship.     

白蜡虫蜡酯合酶在昆虫细胞Sf9中的表达

[目的]本研究欲利用Bac-to-Bac表达系统,在Sf9细胞中表达WS.[方法]将WS编码序列克隆到质粒pFastBac^TMHT B后,转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac^TM,经抗性和蓝白斑筛选,获得重组杆粒rBacmid/EpelWS.将rBacmid/EpelWS转染Sf9细胞.[结果]免疫荧光标记检测表明:WS在受感染细胞的细胞质中表达.[结论]本研究成功表达了白蜡虫WS,为白蜡虫WS的生化特性研究奠定了基础.     

墨江县森林资源特点及林业发展对策

1998年对墨江县进行了森林资源规划设计调查.结果有林地覆盖率达43.7%,加上灌木林,森林覆盖率达59.4%.活立木蓄积13868380m3.该县森林资源丰富,但存在着资源分布不均;林分质量不高;林种结构不合理;树种结构单一;龄组结构不合理;资源消耗结构不合理;天然林比重大,人工林比重小等问题.针对以上问题,提出了今后的经营措施.     

Genetic transformation of loblolly pine using mature zygotic embryo explants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Introduction1Genetictransformationinconifershasthepotentialtoallowtheselectiveimprovementofindividualtraitsinelitecloneswhilestillmaintainingtheexistingcombinationofgenesresponsibleforthesuperiorphenotype(Charestetal.1991;Jamesetal.1996;Walteretal.1999).Atpresent,althoughconsiderableresearchefforthasbeendevotedtothegeneticengineeringofconiferspecies(Sederoffetal.1986;Bekkauoietal.1988,1990;Robertsonetal.1992;Bomminenietal.1993;Shinetal.1994;Klimaszewskaetal.1997),ithaslaggedbehindadvancesma…     

Regulation of phytohormones on root primordium initiation and adventitious root formation in the etiolated shoots of Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Yinfen Jinlin’

Tree peony is well known and sought after for its large, colorful flowers. Its propagation is via vegetative methods. Mechnisms of the adventitious rooting and the regulation of rooting processes are the principles and techniques of plant propagation and improvement. Microstructures and fluctuations of phytohormones in the adventitious rooting were studied with the etiolated softwood shoots of Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Yinfen Jinlin’. There are no pre-primordia in the shoots of the cultivar. Adventitious roots are produced in five stages: shoot selection, primordium initiation, primordium growth, conducting tissue differentiation and root protrusion. Primordia initiated in the cortex. The contents of the endogenous hormones, IAA, ABA and GA, were 5.842, 0.873 and 1.043 nmol•g^–1 FW on the bases of shoots, respectively. CTKs which included isopentenyl adenine (iPA), zeatin riboside (ZR) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) were 0.949, 0.695 and 2.034 nmol•g^–1 FW, respectively. DHZR is active among CTKs. The ratio of IAA to GA, CTK and ABA clearly increased at the stage of primordium initiation, while they showed low levels at the stages of primordium growth. The ratios were restored at the shoot levels at the stage of root protrusion. IBA provoked primordia initiation in the cortex, the vascular cambium, the pith and even in the callus induced on the base of shoots. IAA levels in the treated shoots increased gradually to its highest level (three times of control) at the stage of conducting tissue differentiation. The ratios of IAA to GA, CTK and ABA clearly decreased at the stage of primordium initiation. The ratio of IAA to ABA is regulated at 10:1.     

甘肃竹子的种类和分布

本文研究了250多号采自甘肃的竹子标本,甘肃产有竹子16种和1变种,分属于7属。慈竹属 Neosinocalamus Keng f.1种;悬竹属 Ampelocalamus Chen.Wen et Sheng 1种;刚竹属 Ph-yllostachys Sieb.et Zucc.4种和1变种;方竹属 ChimonobambusaMakino 1种;箭竹属 Fargesia Franchet 7种;箬竹属 Indocal-amus Nakai 1种;巴山木竹属 Bashania Keng f.et Yi 1种。     

速生阶段第二代杉木人工林生物地球化学循环动态

对速生阶段第二代杉木人工林生态系统的生物地球化学循环进行了研究 .结果表明 :第二代杉木人工林生态系统大气降水输入的 N、P、K总量为 3 9.970 kg· hm- 2 a- 1 ,径流输出 9.883 kg· hm - 2 a- 1 ,净变化率为 75 .3 % .在整个系统中以 N的净积累最高 ,变化率为 83 .5 4% ;N、P主要以地质输入为主 ;K以降雨输入为主 .N、P、K的生物地球化学循环遵循 N>K>P的顺序 ,循环速率分别为 0 .3 87、0 .3 89、0 .476.此外 ,建立了速生阶段第二代杉木人工林生态系统养分循环的动态模型 ,该模型可用于杉木林生态系统速生阶段养分动态的模拟和预测 .     

余甘子精粉的体外抗氧化活性分析

The antioxidant activities in vitro of refined powder of Phyllanthus emblica L. were detected by methods based on chemical measurement and cell modeling. The results of anti-peroxidation ability and iron reduction ability trials showed that the refined powder of P. emblica L. had strong ability of anti-peroxidation, and it increased with the increasing of concentration with a clear dose-response relationship. When the concentration reached 800 μg·mL^-1, the ability of anti-peroxidation was almost equal to the positive control VC with the same concentration. Meanwhile, it also had iron reduction ability that accompanied by significant dose-response relationship. By in vitro cell culture method, H₂O₂ was used to induce SH-SY5Y cells damages to establish the cell model of oxidative damage. The author detected the effect of different concentrations of powder on cell survival rate for the model cells by MTT assay. The results indicated that refined powder could show better protective effect to oxidative damaged SH-SY5Y cells in the range of 600 1 200 μg·mL^-1. When the concentration reached 1 200 μg·mL^-1, the cell survival rate was the highest and refined powder exhibited the best antioxidant activity. Both methods proved the strong antioxidant activities of refined powder of P. emblica L. in vitro.     

珍贵用材树种柏木轻基质容器育苗试验研究

This paper dealt with an experiment on container seedlings culture with nonwoven and light medium for Cupressus funebris, a precious timber tree species, through orthogonal design. The effects of container height, quantities of controlled release fertilizer and the medium proportion on seedling quality of Cupressus funebri were studied. The results showed that seedling height, ground diamater, divarication number and the ratio of seedling height to ground diameter of Cupressus funebri were significantly affected by the height of container and the quantities of controlled release fertilizer, and little influenced by the medium proportion. There were significant different influences on seedling growth among different treatment combinations. The treatment combination No.9 was the best one with averaged seedling height, ground diamater, divarication number and the ratio of seedling height to ground diameter of 21.75 cm, 0.271 cm, 10.7 branches and 80.29, respectively. The treatment combination of No.6, No.3 and No. 5 were relatively good treatment. The length of seedling container of nonwoven with diameter of 5 cm for Cupressus funebris, could be selected as 10—12 cm. The quantities of controlled release fertilizer of 3 kg·m^-3 and the seedlings density of 215—220 plants·m^-2 could be the optimal for nursing seedling with high quality. The costs of medium proportion on several container seedlings base of Zhejiang Province were compared and analyzed.