腐熟剂在秸秆还田中的应用效果及施用技术

推广水稻秸秆还田施用秸秆腐熟剂,可以增加土壤有机质含量,提高作物产量,减少环境污染。总结了秸秆腐熟剂的施用技术。     

安徽史前稻作农业研究的回顾与展望

史前农业作为史前考古的一个重要领域，越来越受到学者们的广泛关注，而关于史前稻作的研究，更是如、火如荼，成为目前考古界、农史界的一大热门话题。中国古代农业文化，主要是由北方的旱作农业和南方的稻作农业两大体系构成。安徽地处华东腹地，东邻江苏，北依山东，西接河南、湖北，南连江西、浙江，是连接中原与东南地区的重要通道，也是古代南北方文化交流、传播、碰撞的重要地区。安徽地区的古代文化有其自身特点，也有其兼容性。对安徽史前稻作农业的研究将会丰富中国史前稻作农业研究的内容，对中国的史前文化和古代文明发展进程的研究也将具有积极意义。     

西北地区退耕还林工程实施情况调查分析

为了了解退耕还林工程10 a来的实施情况,根据西北地区退耕还林县和调查人员的分布,对西北6省793个退耕还林农户进行问卷调查,并且进行了深入细致的调查研究。结果发现：参照退耕前,退耕后生态环境、农户生态意识和生计都有显著改善,退耕还林政策执行顺利,受到农民的一致赞成,补助问题是农户普遍关注的问题。此外,分析了当前存在退耕补助兑现水平低,公示度和验收力度不够,树种比例要求不现实,政策宣传力度不强,退耕地收成不高,管理粗放,科技含量低等问题,并针对问题提出了政策性建议。图1表1参10     

香港科技大学崛起的成功之道

始建于1991年的香港科技大学,在短短十几年间迅速发展成为国际知名大学,创造了中国大学发展史上的一大奇迹。香港科技大学的成功之处在于:学校定位准确,找准发展的突破口;招聘优秀师资,重视学科建设;坚持以人为本,加强制度建设;政府的大力支持,充分利用香港的区位优势。     

加强对老年人胃部疾病与胃随龄变化研究

胃黏膜增龄变化的基本表现为胃窦固有层腺体数量减少,胃窦黏膜固有层胶原组织增生,但胃底腺腺体实质比略高于非老年组,壁细胞数量在不同年龄组间差异无统计学意义.由于老年人胃体萎缩性胃炎发生率增加,导致部分老年人胃酸偏低,但老化不是胃酸分泌减少的独立原因,年龄增长并不影响空腹状态下胃内氢离子活性.质子泵抑制剂与氯吡格雷合用是否会降低疗效,是当前关注热点.国内对于80岁以上的109例老龄患者观察,认为质子泵抑制剂不影响服用氯吡格雷患者的临床前景,不足之处是观察的例数偏少,且联用质子泵抑制剂治疗时间较短.对老年人根除幽门螺杆菌感染的组织学变化,结果表明,幽门螺杆菌根除者慢性炎症好转率达87.4％,急性活动性炎症好转率为57.8％,较幽门螺杆菌未根除者炎症好转率明显增加.     

小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)抗药性的研究现状

小菜蛾是十字花科蔬菜上最主要的害虫,也是目前产生抗药性最严重的害虫之一.本文就国内外小菜蛾在抗药性发展、抗性消长规律、抗性机理、抗性遗传、交互抗性及抗性治理等方面的研究概况进行了介绍.     

发达国家依法保护种子产业成功经验及其启示

1现状美国的种子产业从20世纪初至今也和多数国家一样,走过了从乱到治的过程,并形成了目前较成熟的现代化产业,市场行为高度规范。这与美国联邦和各州系列出台的相关法规以及严格的执法密切相关。日本已成为世界种业较发达的国家,在政策法规、宏观管理、科学研究、市场开发等方面积累了丰富的经验,从我国的情况看,市场竞争主体及其参与者的素质较低,自我约束机制尚未形成。因此借鉴发达国家依法保护种子产业的经验,对保护和发展我国品牌种子产业起到重要促进作用。     

孕妇血镉、铅、钙、铜、锌水平与稽留流产的关联性研究

目的研究血镉、铅、钙、铜、锌对孕妇稽留流产的影响。方法 168名稽留流产患者和168名正常孕妇进行问卷调查,并检测血镉、铅、钙、铜、锌含量。结果稽留流产患者血铅、镉水平高于对照组（P〈0.01或0.05）,而血钙、锌含量低于对照组（P〈0.05）。多元回归分析显示高血铅、高血镉、孕前期疱疹病毒感染、职业铅暴露为稽留流产的危险因素,而高血钙、高血锌、孕期补充维生素、补锌为保护因素。结论孕妇血镉、铅、钙、锌水平与稽留流产存在较大关联性。     

A new look at proton transfer dynamics along the hydrogen bonds in amides and peptides

Vibrational spectroscopy with inelastic neutron scattering can provide spectra that are more detailed and easier to interpret than optical spectra. The spectral intensity depends on energy transfer and kinetic momentum transfer, allowing determination of the potential function. Experiments reveal that the proton involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonding in N-methylacetamide and polyglycine I vibrates almost independently. An ionic representation (N(delta-)...H(+)...O(delta-)) of the hydrogen bond is more realistic than the normally accepted covalent model (NH...O). For polyglycine I, the proton experiences a local, symmetric double-minimum potential arising from dynamic exchange between the amide-like (CONH) and imidol-like (HOCN) forms of the peptide unit.     

Looking back to see ahead: Farmer lessons and recommendations after 15 years of innovation and leadership in Güinope, Honduras

Güinope, Honduras was the site of a highly acclaimed people-centered development project in the 1980s. The ACORDE/Ministry of Natural Resource/World Neighbors Integrated Development Program (IDP) was unique for its time, since rather than relying on technology transfer, it promoted innovation skills for local generation of responses to needs. Furthermore, it was one of the first efforts in Latin America to employ villagers as principal agents of change. Fifteen years after the inception of the IDP and ten years after its completion, the authors interviewed farmers in their fields and held a series of participatory workshops over eighteen months with ten outstanding farmers who had become project leaders. The leaders identified influential factors behind their involvement and produced recommendations for rural development interventions. Further, a generalized concept map typifying ideal characteristics for farmer promoters was constructed. Recommendations for development agencies centered on project design and implementation, demanding a methodology for strengthening local innovative capacities, participation, and control over resources. Ultimately, the leaders downplayed the role of technologies in rural development and called for special attention to enabling communities to confront external pressures, in particular recent government ``modernization' policies, that they felt threatened community livelihood. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The role of hemoglobin denaturation and band 3 clustering in red blood cell aging

As hemoglobin begins to denature, it forms hemichromes that cross-link the major erythrocyte membrane-spanning protein, band 3, into clusters. These clusters provide the recognition site for antibodies directed against senescent cells. These antibodies bind to the aged red cell and trigger its removal from circulation.     

Responsiveness to inoculation and application of micronutrient fertilizers in common vetch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia sativa</Emphasis> L.) new varieties at seed production

The responsiveness of common vetch varieties to inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar-viciae of different genotypes and applications of molybdenum and boron micronutrients has been revealed. It is shown that the effect of interactions between molybdenum and boron on the plants at the joint application is nonadditive. The artificial colonization of seeds by the complementary strains of root nodule bacteria and the molybdenum treatment are expedient to increase the efficiency of the symbiotic interactions between rhizobia and common vetch varieties. Inoculation with strain no. 145 and supplementation with molybdenum improved the seed yields of the common vetch Valentina and Lugovskaya-98 varieties by 20% and 17%, respectively.