杭州市黄瓜嫁接砧木品种比较试验

[目的]筛选出适宜黄瓜嫁接栽培的砧木品种。[方法]以‘思壮111’和‘全能铁甲’为砧木,以‘津优1号’和‘津绿26号’为接穗,比较不同砧木嫁接后对黄瓜的影响。[结果]黄瓜嫁接后,缓苗快、生长势强,可大大提早初采期,且抗早衰性好,可有效延长采收期。[结论]砧木‘思壮111’嫁接后,丰产性好;色泽鲜亮,商品性好;对黄瓜品质影响较小,适宜作为黄瓜嫁接砧木进一步开展示范推广。     

不同砧木嫁接对无籽西瓜部分生理指标的影响

以‘郑抗无籽10号’西瓜为材料,采用田间试验、植物生理生化测定等方法, 研究不同砧木嫁接对无籽西瓜生长过程中叶片生理指标的影响。结果表明：嫁接能提高无籽西瓜3个生长时期叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量和C/N,且能提高叶片POD、SOD、CAT和PPO活性,降低叶片MDA含量;不同砧木嫁接无籽西瓜叶片POD、SOD、CAT和PPO活性以及MDA含量变化规律基本一致;但不同的嫁接组合表现有差异,其中以长葫1号为砧木的嫁接苗表现较为突出。叶片光合和抗性相关生理指标可以作为无籽西瓜砧木品种筛选的参考依据之一。     

不同野生茄子对紫长茄嫁接应用效果的研究

为筛选适宜海南紫长茄嫁接砧木品种,试验以长丰2号紫长茄作为接穗以及从越南和海南本地采集的7个野生茄子为砧木,进行不同砧木对茄子嫁接成活率、形态学性状、果实性状、产量以及抗病性等方面的研究。结果表明：不同砧木对茄子接穗的嫁接成活率、形态学指标、果实性状、产量和抗病性方面均存在着显著差异性;保亭7号和越南野茄作砧木表现为嫁接亲和性高、果形好、产量高、抗病性强、综合性状优,适合作为茄子嫁接砧木在海南推广应用。     

6个鲜食葡萄品种在云南元谋的引种表现

对引进的‘沈农金皇后’、‘沈农香丰’、‘沈农硕丰’、‘香妃’、‘26-3-4’和‘火洲黑玉’6个鲜食葡萄品种的物候期、果实经济性状和抗病性进行观察。结果表明，‘26-3-4’品种在元谋地区表现良好，成熟较早、颜色鲜艳及耐储运，适合在元谋地区大面积栽培发展；‘火洲黑玉’品种成熟早、可溶性固形物含量高及耐储运，但果粒质量较小，抗霜霉病和白粉病弱，‘沈农金皇后’、‘沈农香丰’、‘沈农硕丰’和‘香妃’4个品种果穗小、果粒软及不耐运输，不适宜在元谋地区大面积推广种植。     

陇中干旱半干旱区不同马铃薯品种重茬抗病性和产量试验

针对陇中干旱半干旱区大面积种植马铃薯导致的重茬病害严重问题,试验研究了不同马铃薯品种在重茬地中的抗病性和产量表现。通过对各参试马铃薯品种早疫病、晚疫病、黑痣病及薯块腐烂病害抗性研究与产量、单株结薯数及商品率的综合分析,筛选出抗病性强、易贮藏、产量高、商品率好的‘陇薯7号’和‘陇薯6号’2个品种,适宜在干旱半干旱区重茬地推广种植。     

南方根结线虫侵染对不同砧木嫁接冬瓜生长的影响

为了明确南方根结线虫对不同南瓜砧木嫁接冬瓜苗生长发育的影响,以期为冬瓜生产筛选抗根结线虫砧木品种,促进产业可持续发展。本文采用人工接种南方根结线虫,研究比较了‘海砧1号’、‘海砧2号’和‘银龙黄籽’3种南瓜砧木的冬瓜嫁接苗及冬瓜自根苗的抗性水平及植株生物量的差异。结果表明：不同南瓜砧木冬瓜嫁接苗和自根苗的病情指数、根结指数、卵粒指数和繁殖指数均随着生育期延长而不断升高,抗性水平发生不同程度变化;以‘海砧2号’为砧木的嫁接苗在全生育期均表现为抗病,以‘海砧1号’和‘银龙黄籽’为砧木的嫁接苗表现为高感,‘清远黑皮冬瓜’自根苗表现为感病。在茎叶鲜重和单果鲜重方面,生长中后期以‘海砧2号’为砧木的嫁接苗显著高于以‘海砧1号’和‘银龙黄籽’为砧木的嫁接苗以及‘清远黑皮冬瓜’自根苗,但与未接种的‘清远黑皮冬瓜’自根苗无显著差异。研究结果证实,南方根结线虫明显抑制了感病砧木冬瓜嫁接苗的生长和产量,对抗病砧木嫁接苗无明显影响。     

西瓜嫁接苗的植物保护酶同工酶与亲和力分析

采用6种不同瓜类的砧木分别与西瓜(Citrulluslanatusvar.)西农8号进行嫁接,研究其对接穗过氧化物(POD)和超氧物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶及其接穗生长的影响。结果表明:接穗断根前西瓜实生苗与接穗苗同工酶的带型及其活性强度差异较小;断根后西瓜实生苗与不同砧木的嫁接苗生长及其叶片POD和SOD同工酶相似性变化较大。同工酶相似系数与嫁接苗的长势存在正相关,其中冬瓜、瓠子和葫芦砧木上接穗与实生苗的POD和SOD同工酶相似性最高,与西瓜的嫁接亲和性最强;丝瓜砧木上的接穗与实生苗的叶片POD和SOD同工酶相似性最低,与西瓜的嫁接亲和性最弱。     

不同嫁接方法对(北方)番茄栽培的影响研究

[目的]研究不同嫁接方法对番茄幼苗生长的影响差异.[方法]选用3个常用砧木材料,采用生产中常用嫁接成活率较高的劈接法和套管法进行嫁接,调查不同嫁接方法嫁接效率、成活率、嫁接苗抗病性、产量及品质等指标.[结果]套管法嫁接比劈接法嫁接效率高30％,田间抗病性更好,产量高12％,不同砧木嫁接苗抗病性、产量差异显著,JZM鄄1...     

不同砧木对海南油茶嫁接成活率和苗木生长的影响

以越南油茶(海南种源)、油茶‘岑软2号’(广西种源)、油茶‘湘林XLC15’(湖南种源)和高州油茶(广东种源)种子的芽苗为砧木,海南省新认定油茶新品种‘海油1号’春梢为接穗,研究4种砧木对其嫁接成活率、嫁接苗生长及养分含量的影响。结果表明:以越南油茶为砧木嫁接成活率最高,达95.0%,以油茶‘湘林XLC15’为砧木嫁接成活率最低,仅为50.0%;以越南油茶为砧木的2年生嫁接苗苗高、地径和总鲜重均为最高,分别达到50.75 cm、5.19 mm和38.64 g,其次为‘岑软2号’,高州油茶最低;不同砧木嫁接的苗木根冠比大小依次为高州油茶油茶‘湘林XLC15’越南油茶油茶‘岑软2号’;以越南油茶为砧木的嫁接苗叶片叶绿素含量最高,平均值达77.58,最低为‘湘林XLC15’;以越南油茶为砧木的嫁接苗总氮含量、总磷含量和总钾含量均最高,分别为849.23、667.58、532.98 mg。综合评价结果表明以本地越南油茶做砧木最适宜于‘海油1号’油茶的嫁接育苗,其次为油茶‘岑软2号’。研究结果为海南特色油茶的良种壮苗培育提供了科学依据。     

2个枇杷品种叶片氮代谢的比较

以‘东湖早’和‘早钟6号’枇杷为材料,研究其叶片氮含量和氮代谢相关酶活性,并探讨其间的相关性。结果表明,‘东湖早’枇杷春梢叶片氮含量、可溶性蛋白含量和氮代谢相关酶活性均显著高于‘早钟6号’,而2个品种的夏梢、秋梢和冬梢叶片则均无显著性差异。相关性分析表明,四个季节中,2个品种的叶片全氮含量均与NR、GS和GDH活性呈显著或极显著正相关;‘早钟6号’枇杷叶片氨态氮含量与NR和GS活性呈显著正相关,而‘东湖早’枇杷叶片氨态氮含量与NR和GS活性则呈不显著相关;2个品种的叶片硝态氮含量与NR、GS和GDH的活性均不存在显著相关性。     

不同砧木对西瓜枯萎病抗性及品质等的比较研究

为筛选西瓜抗枯萎病砧木,进行了不同砧木西瓜抗枯萎病接种实验及不同砧木嫁接苗田间长势、果实综合性状的研究。通过枯萎病接种实验,筛选出了6个高抗砧木,分别是N1、N6、H2、H5、X3与X4;在长势方面,嫁接苗明显强于自根苗,以南瓜为砧木的嫁接苗长势强于其他品种;在果实品质方面,各个品种的平均单果重差异不显著,且果型差异不大,但以H5(亲抗水瓜)、X3(大维根砧15号)和X4(勇士)可溶性固形物含量较高。综合研究认为,H5、X3和X4对枯萎病抗性较高,且长势较好,品质较优,综合表现较优。     

Resistance in watermelon rootstocks to crown rot caused by Phytophthora capsici

Crown rot caused by Phytophthora capsici is becoming an increasingly important disease of vegetable crops in southeastern U.S. In recent years, the practice of grafting watermelon onto rootstocks belonging to other Cucurbitaceae genera has also been slowly gaining adoption in the U.S. However, it is not known how these rootstocks, developed mainly in Asia, will respond to diseases prevalent in local production areas. We evaluated the available commercial watermelon rootstocks for resistance to Phytophthora crown rot by inoculating them with a zoospore suspension of P. capsici in four different trials. Disease development on rootstocks was rated on a 1–9 scale (1 = no symptoms, 9 = plant dead). Based on all the four trials, the commercial Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) rootstocks, FR-Strong, Emphasis, Macis and WMXP-3938 were resistant (Mean rating ≤3) to crown rot when compared to susceptible watermelon checks (mean rating >8). All Cucurbita inter-specific hybrid rootstocks and a watermelon rootstock Ojakkyo, were highly susceptible to crown rot (mean rating >8). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using two different P. capsici specific primers (ITS and β-tubulin) indicated the presence of significantly (P < 0.0001) greater amounts of P. capsici DNA g⁻¹ plant tissue in susceptible Cucurbita inter-specific hybrid rootstocks (β-tubulin, mean = 2895 ng) and watermelon (2665 ng) compared to the L. siceraria rootstocks (357 ng). Crown rot resistant bottle gourd rootstocks may be useful in areas where P. capsici is a recurring problem. The present study identified several commercial bottle gourd rootstocks with resistance to Phytophthora crown rot, and confirmed their levels of resistance using qPCR.     

Solanum habrochaites introgression line grafted as rootstock in cultivated tomato maintains growth and improves yield under cold and drought stresses

Grafting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) onto introgression lines (ILs) derived from S. habrochaites with introgression of a quantitative trait locus (QTL), stm9, for shoot turgor maintainer located on chromosome 9 has been suggested for improving yield under abiotic stresses. However, the physiological and agronomic responses of grafts with IL rootstocks to low root-zone temperature (RZT) and drought stresses are not yet clearly understood. Therefore, recurrent parent (RP) grafted onto IL and donor (D) rootstocks, and self-grafted IL and RP were examined at different combinations of optimal (20°–26°C RZT and well-watered) and suboptimal (10°C RZT and well-watered, and 20°–26°C RZT and cyclic drought) temperatures. Graft combinations were compared with self-grafted controls for dry weights, stomatal conductance (g_s), leaf parameters, osmotic adjustment, and stress tolerance index. The RP grafted onto IL rootstocks regulated g_s efficiently, retained the green trait, and produced higher biomass than the self-grafted RP. The IL rootstocks improved tolerance of the scion to drought and low RZT. Potential of IL rootstocks for improving tomato production under stressed conditions is discussed.     

杜鹃红山茶芽苗砧嫁接亲和性生理研究

杜鹃红山茶（Camellia azalea）为山茶科山茶属常绿灌木或小乔木,是中国特有珍稀濒危物种,在园林与观赏园艺方面具有广阔的应用前景,兼具有极高的科研价值。国内外关于杜鹃红山茶嫁接繁殖的研究主要集中在木质化砧木嫁接方面,而芽苗砧嫁接技术及芽苗砧嫁接亲和性生理的研究鲜有报道。为了从生理层面揭示杜鹃红山茶接穗与不同油茶芽苗砧的亲和性差异,本研究以广西栽培面积广泛的高州油茶、广宁红花油茶、岑溪软枝油茶、普通油茶为芽苗砧,以杜鹃红山茶当年生半木质化枝条为接穗进行芽苗砧嫁接,于嫁接后90 d,考察不同芽苗砧处理对杜鹃红山茶接穗死亡率、嫁接苗叶片中初生代谢产物含量、抗氧化生理指标以及光合色素含量的影响。结果表明：（1）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶接穗的死亡率有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧,杜鹃红山茶嫁接死亡率最低,为18.5%;（2）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶接穗叶片中可溶性蛋白含量及淀粉含量有显著影响,采用高州油茶砧木,嫁接苗叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及淀粉含量均处于最高水平;（3）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中脯氨酸含量及过氧化物酶（POD）活性有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧,嫁接苗叶片中脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）含量最低,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和POD活性最高;（4）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中总叶绿素、叶绿素a及叶绿素b含量有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧的杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中总叶绿素、叶绿素a及叶绿素b含量均最高。研究认为,杜鹃红山茶接穗与高州油茶芽苗砧具有较好的亲和性,其嫁接苗抗性优于其他芽苗砧处理,叶片生长状况较好,具有较强的光合能力。     

花生组培苗高效嫁接技术

为解决花生野生种及转基因组培苗移栽成活率低、田间长势弱等难题，本研究对花生的嫁接技术进行了优化。以黑籽花生品种豫花0215分别在黑暗和光照条件下培养7d的实生苗为砧木，以栽培种、野生种及双二倍体的无菌组培苗为接穗，采用劈接法，以花生的下胚轴为嫁接部位进行嫁接。结果表明，花生砧木的培养方式不同，嫁接成活率差异显著，在黑暗条件下培养的砧木下胚轴达到6cm以上，平均嫁接成活率较高，达到96%以上。不同类型接穗嫁接成活率差异很大，栽培种的嫁接成活率较高，嫁接到黑暗培养的砧木上成活率达到100%。采用黑暗培养的豫花0215作砧木，大大提高了嫁接成活率和嫁接效率，该方法在花生野生种、双二倍体及转基因植株等组培苗的嫁接上获得成功，克服克服了野生种及后代材料生根困难及移栽成活率低，及组培苗移栽后长势弱等问题，值得推广。     

Response of cucurbit rootstocks to Pythium aphanidermatum

Damping-off and vine decline diseases affect most greenhouse cucumber crops in Oman, with losses frequently exceeding 25% of seedlings and adult plants. As a consequence of some recent reports that disease control using metalaxyl fungicides were ineffective, seven local and introduced rootstocks were assessed for their response to Pythium aphanidermatum. The rootstocks were also tested for grafting compatibility and production potential under greenhouse conditions. During artificial inoculation trials, no damping-off symptoms were observed in the Hercules and Titan varieties, ridge gourd or sponge gourd. In three separate greenhouse trials, Titan, Hercules and squash var. Magda showed no damping-off or vine decline symptoms up to 45 days after transplanting. When cucumber was grafted onto the seven rootstocks, no symptoms were observed in the cucumber plants grafted onto Titan and Hercules rootstocks, whereas the cucumber grafted onto the other rootstocks showed varying levels of damping-off and vine decline diseases (10–40%). The Titan and Hercules rootstocks significantly increased the vegetative growth and the fruit number, weight and length compared to the self-grafted cucumbers, non-grafted cucumbers and cucumbers that were grafted onto the other rootstocks (P < 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the influence of grafting on the resistance to Pythium and on the vegetative growth and yield of greenhouse cucumbers.     

大豆远缘嫁接诱变技术的优化

为完善和优化大豆远缘嫁接诱变技术体系,以与大豆远缘的8种植物为砧木,以4个大豆品种(系)为接穗进行嫁接试验。结果表明:以6～8日龄的大豆幼苗作为接穗可提高远缘嫁接成活率,其中7日龄大豆幼苗的嫁接成活率最高。砧木类型对远缘嫁接大豆后代诱变率和诱变方向有重要影响,番茄/龙选1号、蓖麻/科绿2号、生姜/科绿2号、蓖麻/田丰90和洋姜/田丰90嫁接组合的诱变率最高,同时以生姜和番茄作为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现高蛋白、高油和晚熟类型突变;以甘薯和马铃薯为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现多分枝和丰产类型突变;以蓖麻和洋姜为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现抗逆性强(抗倒伏)和植株矮化的突变类型;以南瓜和葫芦为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现晚熟和高大植株的突变类型。嫁接亲和力评价结果表明,以南瓜、马铃薯、番茄和生姜作为砧木的嫁接亲和力较高,以科绿2号为接穗的嫁接亲和力较高。