Effect of wheat bran supplementation on blood sugar,glycosylated protein and serum lipids in NIDDM subjects

Wheat bran supplementation (11 gm per day) was carried out for a period of two months in 30 maturity onset diebetics. The efficacy of bran supplementation was monitored by measuring the fasting and 2 h post prandial blood sugar levels, glycosylated serum protein levels, glycosylated albumin levels and serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The results indicated a transient reduction in fasting and 2 h post prandial blood sugar levels after one month's bran therapy. No appreciable changes in the serum glycosylated protein levels, glycosylated albumin levels, serum lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed during the period of supplementation.Abbreviations TC total cholesterol - HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol - LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol - VLDL-C Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol - TG triglycerides - PL phospholipids - FFA free fatty acids - G-Alb glycosylated albumin - GSP glycosylated serum proteins - NIDDM Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Melitus     

Effect of Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf powder supplementation on blood sugar levels, serum lipids and tissues lipids in diabetic rats

Tulasi leaf powder was fed at the 1% level in normal and diabetic rats for a period of one month to explore the effect on fasting blood sugar, uronic acid, total amino acids, and the lipid profile in serum and tissue lipids. The results indicated a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar, uronic acid, total amino acids, total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids and total lipids. In liver, total cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipids were significantly lowered. Total lipids were significantly reduced in kidney. In heart, a significant fall in total cholesterol and phospholipids was observed. All these observations indicate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of Tulasi in diabetic rats.     

Studies on the effect of dry Sundakai (solanum torvum) powder supplementation on lipid profile,glycated proteins and amino acids in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients

The effect of dry Sundakai powder supplementation (7 g providing 1.23 g of crude fibre) on glycemic control, lipidemic control, total amino acids and uronic acid was studied on 30 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. All the patients were on hypoglycemic drugs. The above parameters were monitored at day 1, 15 and 30 days. After one month of fibre supplementation, no significant changes were observed with respect to glucose, lipid profile, glycated proteins, total amino acids and uronic acid levels in these subjects.     

Therapeutic effects of biguanide vs. statin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial

Various classes of medication are currently being used in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients including the biguanides and the statins. However, their efficacies are rarely compared. This study aimed to compare efficacy ofa biguanide and a statin in treating PCOS. In a randomized double-blind clinical trial, 400 women with PCOS were recruited within 15 months in Taleghani Hospital. They randomly received either a biguanide (metformin 500 mg three times daily) or a statin (simvastatin 20 mg daily) for three consecutive months. Changes of clinical and laboratory variables were compared. In the biguanide group the serum glucose status (abnormal fasting and non-fasting sugar and insulin levels and percentage of hyperinsulinemic cases) and menstrual abnormalities improved significantly after treatment (p < 0.05). In the statin group the lipid profile status (abnormal total cholesterol, high and low density lipoproteins), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, hyperinsulinemia, severity of acne and menstrual abnormalities improved significantly after treatment (p < 0.05). Comparing the two groups, the improvements in fasting blood sugar and serum insulin levels were significantly better in the biguanide group (p = 0.04 for both parameters); whereas the improvements in serum total cholesterol (p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein (p < 0.001), CRP (p < 0.001) and acne status (p = 0.04) were significantly superior in the statin receivers. Based on these results, each medication is only effective on some aspects of the disease. Overall, the simvastatin was superior to metformin with regard to the number of beneficial effects.     

Lipid profile of rats fed blends of rice bran oil in combination with sunflower and safflower oil

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of blended oils, i.e., polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich vegetable oils like safflower oil (SFO) and sunflower oil (SNO) with the unconventional and hypocholesterolemic rice bran oil (RBO) on the serum lipid profile of rats. Rats fed RBO + SNO/SFO at 70:30 ratio for a period of 28 days showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in animals fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) and cholesterol free diet (CFD). Liver total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were also reduced. Fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids was increased with use of RBO blends. RBO, which is rich in tocopherols and tocotrienols, may improve the oxidative stability of the blends. Tocotrienols are known to inhibit 3-hydroxy, 3-methyl, glutaryl CoA (HMG-COA) reductase (rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis), resulting in hypocholesterolemia. In addition to improving the lipid profile by lowering TC, TG and LDL-C and increasing HDL-C, blending of RBO with other oils can result in an economic advantage of lower prices.     

Influence of dietary soybean trypsin inhibitors and DL-ethionine on sulfur amino acid adequacy of diets for young rats

Weanling male Wistar rats were fed 20% protein diets based on casein or either of two combinations of soy protein isolate and ground raw soy providing three levels of soybean trypsin inhibitors (SBTI; 0,448 and 808 mg of trypsin inhibited per 100g of diet respectively). DL-ethionine was included at three levels (0,0.05% and 0.10%) with each level of SBTI. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks ofad libitum feeding, diets containing SBTI without DL-ethionine were associated with decreases in weight gain, feed efficiency, serum cholesterol and serum urea nitrogen. Higher levels of triglycerides, glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and altered serum free amino acid levels were also found. Increased dietary levels of DL-ethionine also resulted in deficits in growth and feed efficiency, decreased serum cholesterol, increased SGPT and similar alterations in serum free amino acids. Combination of dietary SBTI with DL-ethionine resulted in even greater growth deficits and serum cholesterol decreases as well as increases in SGPT and serum triglycerides and changes in serum free amino acid levels. Methionine deficiency in the young rats fed SBTI and DL-ethionine was indicated by the changes in serum amino acids and growth deficits. Moderation of some effects over the 12 week test period suggested decreased methionine requirements in the older rats.     

Effect of plant fruits – Indian gall nut,bedda nut and gooseberry – on hypercholesterolemic rats

The effect of supplementation of three fruits, Indian gall nut, bedda nut and gooseberry, on serum lipid levels and excretion of bile acids was investigated. Rats made hypercholesterolemic by feeding hypercholesterolemia inducing diet (HID) for a period of 30 days were used as the test model. Feeding of a dried powder of these fruits along with the HID resulted in significant (p<0.01) reduction in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. HDL cholesterol remained unchanged in groups fed gall nut and bedda nut. However, the levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in groups fed mixed and gooseberry diets in comparison to the control diet. Excretion of bile acids was found to be significantly (p<0.01) higher in animals receiving the three fruits in combination in comparison to those receiving the individual fruits.     

The hypocholesterolemic and antioxidative effect of dietary diosgenin and chromium chloride supplementation on high-cholesterol fed Japanese quails

The current study investigated the effect of natural diosgenin extracted from fenugreek seeds, in comparison with the pure standard diosgenin, plus chromium chloride (CrCl3) supplementation on high-cholesterol fed Japanese quails. Quails were randomly divided into four groups. Group one (n = 25) fed experimental diet only (control; contained basal diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol), group 2 (n = 20) fed experimental diet supplemented with CrCl3 only (400 microg kg(-1) of body weight), groups 3 and 4 (n = 30 per group) were fed experimental diet supplemented with either 0.5% (w/w) of extracted diosgenin plus CrCl3 or pure standard diosgenin (0.5%) plus CrCl3 respectively, for 12 days. Blood samples were collected at days 0 and 12 for measuring levels of lipid profile. The work was carried out at Applied Science University and Amman University, Amman, Jordan during the period from October 2009 through October 2010. The mean levels of total cholesterol (TC) in control quails at d12 was significantly (p < 0.01) increased compare to those at d0. Supplementation of diet with CrCl3 alone or CrCl3 with diosgenin either extracted or pure standard for 12 days showed a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in TC and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels as compared to those in the control quails. While, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly (p < 0.01) in quails supplemented with diosgenin and CrCl3. At d12, the mean Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities in erythrocytes of quails in all supplemented groups was significantly (p < 0.01) increased as compared to those in control group and was more pronounced in erythrocytes of quails supplemented with pure standard diosgenin plus CrCl3. These results indicated that the combined diosgenin and CrCl3 supplementation to high-cholesterol fed quails might induce a protective effect by both regulating lipid and antioxidative damage.     

苦丁茶冬青粗多糖的分离表征及其抗氧化活性研究

水提醇沉法分离制备苦丁茶冬青粗多糖样品,对其进行初步分离表征（包括总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和红外光谱分析）和体外抗氧化活性（清除DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基清除能力和还原能力）研究。结果表明,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖中总糖含量为30.67％、糖醛酸含量为12.72％、蛋白质含量为9.35％;含有16种氨基酸成分,总含量为7.72％,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.41％;红外光谱显示该粗多糖样品中含有α-吡喃糖环结构;此外,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性与多糖浓度之间存在良好的量效关系。     

专用配方氨基酸叶面肥对乌龙茶树生理特性及品质的影响

以"铁观音"和"本山"乌龙茶品种为研究对象,开展专用配方氨基酸叶面肥对乌龙茶树的萌芽和产量、叶片形态特征、生理特性及品质成分的影响。结果显示:"铁观音"和"本山"茶树喷施专用配方氨基酸叶面肥,萌芽期可提早5～6 d,叶面积、叶片厚度和气孔密度均显著提高,鲜叶产量提高22.87%～35.68%,总叶绿素含量、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量均明显高于对照,茶的氨基酸含量显著高于对照,且1.5 g/L专用配方氨基酸叶面肥处理达到最大值。表明专用配方氨基酸叶面肥可促进"铁观音"和"本山"乌龙茶树的生长,提高叶片光合产物和品质成分含量。     

The effects of low calorie diet with soy protein on cardiovascular risk factors in hyperlipidemic patients

Serum lipid abnormalities are an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease in hyperlipidemic patients. Because of the side effect of long-term medications in these patients, soy protein, as a part of healthy diet, may improve their lipid profile. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soy protein with low-calorie diet on lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic patient. Fifty two hyperlipidemic patients of both sex and age range of 25-65 years were participated. The patients received low-calorie diet based on 1400 kcal energy 18% protein, 24% fat and 58% carbohydrate per day for 4 weeks. The treatment group received low-calorie diet including (30 g day(-1)) of soy protein. Blood samples were obtained after an overnight (12 h) fasting period before the study and in the last day of the intervention period. Anthropometric indices and levels of serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein were measured before and after the intervention. In groups, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences were significantly reduced (p<0.05) after four weeks. In comparison with control group, the results of treatment of soy protein with low-calorie diet showed that at the end of 4th week serum low-density lipoprotein was significantly (p<0.05) decreased while an insignificant reduction was seen in total cholesterol. This study suggest that soy protein with low calorie diet for 4 weeks treatment may be safe and effective alternative therapy for diminished the cardiovascular risk factors in hyperlipidemic patients.     

茯砖茶改善2型糖尿病小鼠代谢紊乱的效果研究

为探究茯砖茶能否通过调节肠道微生物群改善2型糖尿病(T2DM)的代谢紊乱,建立T2DM小鼠模型,给予400 mg·kg-1茯砖茶水提取物灌胃干预,观测T2DM小鼠的饮食量、饮水量、空腹体重、空腹血糖、糖耐量等日常指标,血清中胰岛素(INS)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆固醇(TC)、总甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL...     

红茶对高脂饮食小鼠血脂的调节作用研究

采用脂代谢紊乱模型法—预防性给予不同地区不同剂量的红茶（剂量为成人每日饮用量的5倍、10倍和20倍3种）,观察小鼠体重、血脂、相关酶及肝脏形态的变化。结果表明：与高脂模型对照组相比,红茶剂量组能极显著（P<0.01）降低血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、肝脏丙二醛（MDA）、肝脏指数;极显著（P<0.01）升高血清载脂蛋白A₁（apoA₁）、脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）、肝脂酶（HL）、总脂酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）,血清高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）有所上升,小鼠体重也得到了一定的抑制,肝脏病变程度得到了相应的减轻,说明红茶具有一定的调节血脂及减小肝脏因高脂饮食所带来的损伤。     

茶多酚对蛋鸡生产性能、脂类代谢及蛋品品质的影响

本研究进行了两次饲养试验。试验一选用225羽37周龄罗曼蛋鸡随机分为5个处理,在试验基础日粮中分别添加0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%茶多酚（纯度40%）,试验期59天;试验二选用600羽51周龄罗曼蛋鸡随机分为4个处理,分别在试验基础日粮中添加0%、0.025%、0.055%、0.1%茶多酚（纯度40%）,试验为期8周。探讨了茶多酚对蛋鸡生产性能、脂类代谢、蛋品质量的影响。结果表明：（1）日粮中添加不同剂量茶多酚对蛋鸡产蛋率和饲料利用率有一定的改善,但未见随茶多酚添加水平的升高而提高的趋势。（2）日粮中添加0.1%茶多酚可提高蛋黄中V_E58.99%、V_A20.96%,添加0.025%茶多酚降低蛋黄中胆固醇35.28%,茶多酚对全蛋中含硫氨基酸有增高趋势,重金属指标符合无公害鸡蛋要求;产蛋后期日粮中添加0.025%~0.1%茶多酚可降低破软蛋率31.59%~47.09%。（3）日粮中添加0.4%茶多酚分别降低46周龄蛋鸡血清总胆固醇19.65%、甘油三酯19.99%、低密度脂蛋白7.69%,提高高密度脂蛋白45.35%;但添加0.025%~0.1%茶多酚对59周龄蛋鸡血脂指标未见显著影响。     

饮用金花香橼茶3个月对小样本高脂血症人群糖脂代谢的改善效果研究

探讨一款用黑茶工艺、经冠突散囊菌发花的乌龙茶——金花香橼茶饮用3个月对小样本高脂血症人群糖脂代谢的临床改善效果。招募38名志愿者,试饮金花香橼茶3个月,通过检测和对比试饮前后的体成分（体重、体脂百分比等）、血液生化指标（空腹血糖、血尿酸、血脂四项）、肝脏超声、肠道菌群等,探讨金花香橼茶的健康功效。结果表明,试饮金花香橼茶3个月后,志愿者体重、体质指数、体脂百分比、内脏脂肪等级、血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖显著降低（P<0.05）,脂肪肝严重程度减轻,肠道菌群均匀性和多样性增加,考拉杆菌属（Phascolarctobacterium）、瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）、嗜血杆菌属（Haemophilus）、韦荣球菌属（Veillonella）等丰度升高,戴阿利斯特杆菌属（Dialister）、丁酸蓖麻单胞菌属（Butyricimonas）丰度降低。提示金花香橼茶具有辅助降血糖、降血脂、改善非酒精性脂肪肝的作用,可能通过增加产短链脂肪酸菌属的丰度,增加短链脂肪酸,改善胰岛素抵抗,进而改善糖脂代谢。本研究所得结果仍需更加严谨的长期试验进一步加以确证。     

The influence of four dietary proteins and sodium phytate on the metabolism of cholesterol and the lipoproteins in rat

The hypocholesterolemic effect of dietary proteins could not be related to their vegetal or animal origin and seemed correlated to their different amino acids proportions. Comparing rats fed soy protein diet to those fed casein diet for 45 days, we observed a decrease of serum HDL cholesterol levels. Furthermore sequential centrifugation showed a decrease of HDL_2–3 fraction and especially apolipoprotein E in the serum of soy protein fed rats. The sodium phytate, added to the diet, did not change the metabolism of sterols.     

茶多糖对小鼠血糖、血脂和免疫功能的影响

研究了从粗老茶中提取的茶多糖对小鼠血糖、血脂和免疫功能的影响。结果表明：腹腔注射５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ茶多糖有明显降低血糖的作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）；对血清胆固醇和血清甘油三酯影响不大，但有提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的效果；每天连续口服２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ茶多糖，有增强免疫功能的作用。急性毒性试验表明，２４ｈ内腹腔注射总量１．０ｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ，未发现小鼠对茶多糖有中毒反应     

Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Coptis chinensis Franch Inflorescence

Hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic activities of Coptis chinensis franch inflorescence (Coptis inflorescence) were studied using animal models. Serum total and LDL cholesterol of rats fed a diet containing 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid increased, as compared with those of rats fed a normal diet. The level of total and LDL cholesterol were reduced markedly in a dose dependent manner, in rats given Coptis inflorescence extract orally at doses of 0.25, 0.5 g/kg.day for 4 weeks. In diabetic rats induced by alloxan, Coptis inflorescence extract showed a significant (p < 0.05) blood sugar lowering activity at all experimented doses (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg.day). The highest reduction of blood sugar was about 58% when the rats were given Coptis inflorescence extract orally at a dose of 0.5 g/kg.day for 3 weeks. The 100 g dried water extract of Coptis inflorescence contained 8.11 g total alkaloid, 3.34 g berberin, 1.08 g palmatine and 0.66 g jatrorrhizine, which had long been identified as active compounds in Coptis chinensis franch root (Coptis root). Thus, the results suggest that Coptis inflorescence would be effective in the prevention and management of coronary artery disease by lowering serum cholesterol and blood sugar.     

The effect of intermittent hypoxia on bodyweight, serum glucose and cholesterol in obesity mice

This article tests mice's indicators of body nutritional metabolism under tolerable hypoxic conditions, in order to explore the effects of moderate intermittent hypoxia on the bodyweight, blood sugar and blood cholesterol of obese mice and to identify the role of leptin in these effects; this study applies high-fat diet to establish Mice Obesity Models and observes the intervention effects of intermittent hypoxic training in this Model. Small healthy mice are classified in 4 groups at random, that is, Group A (Normal), Group B (Normal Hypoxia) fed with normal foods and undergoing Intermittent Hypoxic Training (IHT), Group C (Fatty-diet) fed with High-Fat and High-Sugar (HFHS) foods without IHT and Group D (Fatty-diet and Hypoxia) fed with HFHS foods with IHT. After 40 days of feeding and hypoxic training, weigh the mice, measure the levels of blood sugar and blood cholesterol with a full automatic biochemical analyzer, measure serum leptin concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, inspect liver leptin receptor expression and liver fat slice by immunohistochemistry. It is found that compared to control group, after experiment, the average bodyweight, blood sugar, blood cholesterol and serum leptin concentration in Group C is increased significantly and numerous fat cells are distributed in the liver, which indicates that hyperlipemia model has been successfully established; after intermittent hypoxic training, the average bodyweight, blood sugar, blood cholesterol and liver fat cells distribution density and scope in Group B and D are lower than those in Group A and C, while serum leptin concentration is increased significantly; liver leptin receptor expression in Group D is higher than that in Group C. And hypoxia groups have no trauma conclusion. Moderate intermittent hypoxia can reduce bodyweight by increasing leptin concentration and enhancing liver leptin expression and it can also reduce the level of blood sugar and blood cholesterol and meanwhile prevent steatosis in liver cells effectively.     

Protective Role of Three Vegetable Peels in Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Male Mice

The hitherto unknown glucose regulating role of three vegetable peels from cucurbitaceae family was evaluated. In a preliminary study, effects of ethanolic extracts of Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis sativus and Praecitrullus fistulosus peels were studied at 250 and 500 mg kg⁻¹ d⁻¹ for 15 days in the alterations in serum glucose and in hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) in male mice. In the pilot experiment, the effective and safe concentration of each peel was administered (p.o.) for 10 consecutive days and then on 11th and 12th days alloxan was administered along with peel extracts. The treatment was continued up to 15th day. At the end, alterations in serum glucose, insulin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, hepatic lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase were studied. All the three peel extracts nearly reversed most of these changes induced by alloxan suggesting their possible role in ameliorating diabetes mellitus and related changes in serum lipids. However, Cucurbita pepo peel was found to be the most effective. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid contents of the test peels were also estimated, which appear to be associated with the observed antidiabetic and antioxidative potentials.