仔猪非传染性腹泻的防治

仔猪腹泻是一直困扰养猪业的一大难题,在养殖场或养殖小区由仔猪腹泻所造成的经济损失巨大,引发其他疾病的几率也在升高。引起仔猪腹泻的原因可分为传染性和非传染性,而仔猪非传染性腹泻病因也较复杂,对养猪业同样会造成较大影响。在此,该文对仔猪非传染腹泻的发病规律、病因及     

仔猪腹泻病因及防控政策建议

仔猪腹泻是3月龄以内的仔猪出现下痢为主要症状的多病因疾病。2010年年底以来,仔猪腹泻在我国暴发流行,对养猪业造成了巨大的威胁。本文对仔猪腹泻的病因从非传染性和传染性两个方面进行了归纳总结,在此基础上提出了防控政策建议。     

仔猪常见传染性腹泻的病因及防制概述

仔猪腹泻是一种临床表现为腹泻、消瘦、脱水、被毛粗乱等症状的多因素性疾病,造成仔猪成活率降低、断奶体重减少、生长发育缓慢,经济损失巨大,严重威胁着养猪业的绿色健康发展。引起仔猪腹泻的病因复杂,主要由细菌感染、病毒感染、饲养管理及各种应激等因素所致,本文系统概述仔猪常见传染性腹泻的病因、临床症状、病理变化及防制情况,以期正确认识仔猪腹泻病症,为养猪业减少经济损失。     

仔猪腹泻成因及综合防治技术措施

在养猪生产中,仔猪腹泻十分普遍,导致仔猪成活率下降,生长发育受阻,饲料报酬率降低,严重威胁着养猪业的健康发展。作者把引起仔猪腹泻的病因归纳为非传染性腹泻与传染性腹泻两大类,非传染性腹泻成因包括仔猪消化机能不全、日粮抗原过敏、营养因子缺乏、饲养管理和应激因素。传染性腹泻的病因包括病毒性腹泻、细菌性腹泻、寄生虫性腹泻。本文根据作者的科研及生产防治经验提出:防治仔猪腹泻,主要应采取综合防治措施,良好的饲养管理和生物安全措施是防治仔猪腹泻的基础,针对性疫苗和敏感药物的正确选用是防治仔猪腹泻的技术关键。     

补液疗法治疗仔猪腹泻的疗效试验

仔猪腹泻病因复杂,高的发病率和死亡率严重困扰养猪业.为了有效地治疗仔猪腹泻,笔者进行了补液疗法结合特效疗法治疗仔猪白痢、仔猪副伤寒、仔猪传染性胃肠炎的对比试验.     

仔猪腹泻的综合防制措施

在养猪生产中,仔猪腹泻十分普遍,导致仔猪成活率下降,生长发育受阻,饲料报酬率降低,严重威胁着养猪业的健康发展。引起仔猪腹泻的病因可归纳为非传染性腹泻与传染性腹泻两大类,非传染性腹泻发病原因多为饲养管理不当,防制措施不完善;传染性腹泻的病因包括病毒性腹泻、细菌性腹泻、寄生虫性腹泻。为防治仔猪腹泻,本文根据作者的生产防治经验提出：采取综合防制措施,建立有效的防制体系,加强饲养管理,针对性疫苗和中西药结合是防治仔猪腹泻的基础和技术关键。     

仔猪腹泻的病因与防治措施探讨

<正>仔猪腹泻是养猪业最常见的疾病之一,腹泻的原因比较复杂,包括细菌病、病毒病、环境卫生、饲养管理等因素。笔者认为目前仔猪的腹泻疾病包括以下几种:仔猪黄痢、白痢,仔猪红痢,仔猪副伤寒,传染性肠胃炎,猪痢疾,猪轮状病毒。1仔猪腹泻的病因仔猪自身的机体功能并未发育完全,很容易受到细菌的侵袭,以致出现腹泻问题。不同年龄阶段的仔猪均可出现腹泻问题,且兽医临床上主要将仔猪腹泻分为传染性及非传染性两大类。     

冬季哺乳仔猪腹泻病的防控措施

<正>仔猪腹泻是养猪业疫病防控工作的重点和难点,自2010年以来,我国部分地区规模化猪场陆续发生严重腹泻,其中以哺乳仔猪为主,多在出生2~3d后,呕吐、腹泻,然后很快死亡,给养猪业带来巨大的经济损失。引起仔猪腹泻的病因往往不是单一因素,比如细菌和病毒引起的传染性腹泻,以及环境因素和霉菌毒素引起的非传染性腹泻,一旦猪场发生腹泻,由于其病因的复杂性,导致临床诊断与防治比较困难。由于冬季气温较低,当某些猪场     

仔猪腹泻的综合防治

<正>仔猪腹泻是引起仔猪死亡的重要病因之一,给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。1引起仔猪腹泻的非传染性因素(1)仔猪消化机能不健全,饲喂难于消化的饲料或者喂料过多,造成消化不良,引起仔猪腹泻。     

仔猪腹泻的类症鉴别与综合防治

正近年来,制约养猪场养殖效益的重要因素是仔猪的成活率,影响仔猪成活率的主要病因是仔猪腹泻。在兽医临床上,仔猪腹泻类型繁多,大部分传染性强,危害大,掌握仔猪腹泻的类症鉴别,采取对应的综合防治措施,对促进养猪业健康发展有重要意义。一、仔猪腹泻的种类仔猪腹泻分病原性腹泻和非病原性腹泻两大类。病原性腹泻有传染性,非病原性腹泻无传染性。1.病原性腹泻。病原性腹泻包括病毒性腹泻、细菌性腹泻、螺旋体     

猪传染性胃肠炎临床诊断及防治

猪传染性胃肠炎是由猪传染性胃肠炎病毒引起的急性高度接触性肠道传染病,临床上以腹泻、呕吐和脱水为特征,各种年龄的猪都可发病,对哺乳仔猪的危害最严重.然而以腹泻为主症的还有猪痢疾、仔猪黄痢、仔猪白痢、仔猪红痢(梭菌性肠炎)、流行性腹泻、轮状病毒感染、仔猪副伤寒等7种疫病,为了更有效地防控猪传染性胃肠炎,做到早诊断、早治疗.论文阐述了猪传染性胃肠炎与猪其他7种腹泻疫病的临床症状的区别及猪传染性胃肠炎的防治要点.     

Effect of oxygen inhalation at birth on the reduction of early postnatal mortality in pigs

Asphyxia during delivery is considered a main cause of stillbirth in pigs, but piglets suffering from intermittent asphyxia during delivery are also less viable at birth and less prone to adapt to extrauterine life. In an effort to improve pig viability, one attractive solution would be to increase oxygen supply through oxygen inhalation by the newborn pig. The objective of this study was to test effects of oxygen inhalation immediately after birth on various physiological parameters and piglet survival. The experiment was performed on 252 Piétrain x Large White piglets, half of them reoxygenated immediately after birth. They were maintained during 20 min in a chamber where oxygen concentration was monitored at 40% and were then put back with the sow and the control pigs. Oxygen inhalation affected piglet metabolism. Through stimulation of oxidative metabolism (reduction of circulating levels of lactate) and lowering of the level of postnatal hypothermia (particularly for the lightest pigs), oxygen inhalation increased piglet viability and reduced mortality during the 1st d of life by 75% (2 vs 8%). No additional effects were observed during the following days and overall mortality between birth and weaning at 21 d was reduced from 12 to 8%.     

猪圆环病毒2型和副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染的诊治

猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine circovirus 2,PCV2）是断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征（Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,PMWS）等相关疾病的主要病原,主要危害仔猪,引起猪的免疫抑制,造成继发感染。文章对1例病猪通过流行病学调查、临床症状、病理变化、实验室检验,确诊为猪圆环病毒2型和副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染,从而进行药物的治疗与预防探索,为该病的诊断和防治提供借鉴和参考。     

Effect of sensory stimuli on huddling behavior of pigs

Two experiments involving pigs at 1, 3, and 8 d of age were conducted to 1) compare huddling between littermates and nonlittermates, 2) study the ability of pigs to distinguish an anesthetized piglet from a piglet-shaped object, and 3) explore the importance of physical contact between pigs on huddling behavior. Experiments were conducted in an enclosed rectangular aluminum test chamber having pressure sensors beneath floor panels to detect test pig location. Test objects were placed on a platform at one end of the chamber and test pig location was monitored during a 45 min trial. Experiment 1 involved a total of 45 pigs (5 pigs/treatment on d 1, 2, and 3). The results indicate that, regardless of age (P > .05), when either a littermate or a nonlittermate occupied the platform, average location of test pigs that "settled" (ceasing to move for 7 min or more) was closer to the platform (P < .01), time spent near the platform was greater (P < .01), and movement about the chamber was less (P < .01) than when the platform was empty. No differences (P > .05) were observed between littermate and nonlittermate stimuli for these variables. During Exp. 2, the platform was covered with wire mesh. A total of 98 pigs were used in the study. Treatments were a cage containing 1) no object (n = 24), 2) a wooden block (n = 25), 3) a pig-shaped latex casting (n = 24), or 4) an anesthetized 8- to 10-d-old pig (n = 25). Pig age and treatment did not affect the percentage of time in each trial that pigs spent within 23.5 cm of the cage or the percentage of pigs settling within 23.5 cm of the cage. These studies show that pigs huddle similarly with littermates and nonlittermates and that physical contact with another piglet but not visual recognition of another piglet affects piglet huddling.     

Clinical variation in melioidosis in pigs with clonal infection following possible environmental contamination from bore water

An outbreak of melioidosis occurred in pigs on a rural property in the tropical north of the Northern Territory of Australia. The pigs were mostly asymptomatic but lesions in the parotid glands suggested an oral route of infection. Skin lesions were also common and one piglet had disseminated infection. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed an identical pattern amongst Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from the pigs, with similarity to an isolate from the unchlorinated bore water supplying the property.     

我国楼房养猪发展现状的浅析及改进措施探讨

当下,楼房养猪已成为业内热点话题。文章主要就我国楼房养猪的发展现状进行了浅析,介绍了楼房养猪的优劣、存在的问题,同时提出改进措施建议,为养殖户利用楼房养猪提供参考。主要结论如下:一、未来,智能化楼房养猪将成为主流养猪模式之一,特别是在土地资源紧缺的地区,养殖场(户)可以根据实际情况利用该模式;二、楼房养猪设计需与养殖工艺流程、工程建设、机械配套相统一,在设计中应以提高生物安全度为关键点,遵循猪的生理学特性,发挥其生长发育潜能,实现综合效益最大化。     

Factors influencing piglet pre-weaning mortality in 47 commercial swine herds in Thailand

The present study aims to determine the occurrence of piglet pre-weaning mortality in commercial swine herds in Thailand in relation to piglet, sow, and environmental factors. Data were collected from the database of the computerized recording system from 47 commercial swine herds in Thailand. The raw data were carefully scrutinized for accuracy. Litters with a lactation length < 16 days or >28 days were excluded. In total, 199,918 litters from 74,088 sows were included in the analyses. Piglet pre-weaning mortality at the individual sow level was calculated as piglet pre-weaning mortality (%) = (number of littermate pigs ? number of piglets at weaning) / number of littermate pigs. Litters were classified according to sow parity numbers (1, 2–5, and 6–9), average birth weight of the piglets (0.80–1.29, 1.30–1.79, 1.80–2.50 kg), number of littermate pigs (5–7, 8–10, 11–12, and 13–15 piglets), and size of the herd (small, medium, and large). Pearson correlations were conducted to analyze the associations between piglet pre-weaning mortality and reproductive parameters. Additionally, a general linear model procedure was performed to analyze the various factors influencing piglet pre-weaning mortality. On average, piglet pre-weaning mortality was 11.2% (median = 9.1%) and varied among herds from 4.8 to 19.2%. Among all the litters, 62.1, 18.1, and 19.8% of the litters had a piglet pre-weaning mortality rate of 0–10, 11–20, and greater than 20%, respectively. As the number of littermate pigs increased, piglet pre-weaning mortality also increased (r = 0.390, P < 0.001). Litters with 13–16 littermate pigs had a higher piglet pre-weaning mortality than litters with 5–7, 8–10, and 11–12 littermate pigs (20.8, 7.8, 7.2, and 11.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). Piglet pre-weaning mortality in large-sized herds was higher than that in small- and medium-sized herds (13.6, 10.6, and 11.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). Interestingly, in all categories of herd size, piglet pre-weaning mortality was increased almost two times when the number of littermates increased from 11–12 to 13–16 piglets. Furthermore, piglets with birth weights of 0.80–1.29 kg in large-sized herds had a higher risk of mortality than those in small- and medium-sized herds (15.3, 10.9, and 12.2%, respectively, P < 0.001). In conclusion, in commercial swine herds in the tropics, piglet pre-weaning mortality averaged 11.2% and varied among herds from 4.8 to 19.2%. The litters with 13–16 littermate pigs had piglet pre-weaning mortality of up to 20.8%. Piglets with low birth weight (0.80–1.29 kg) had a higher risk of pre-weaning mortality. Management strategies for reducing piglet pre-weaning mortality in tropical climates should be emphasized in litters with a high number of littermate pigs, low piglet birth weights, and large herd sizes.     

楼房养猪模式解析—以7200头母猪为例

多层猪场建筑成为行业发展的一个新热点，文章针对目前出现的楼房养殖模式进行了细致的解析，从设计、功能分布、智能化应用等方面进行了分析。主要结论如下：一、楼房养猪的效率高于平层养猪；二、智能化楼房养猪将成为主流模式；三、楼房养猪是一种模式创新。     

不同地方猪重要经济性状关联位点SNP芯片分型及群体遗传结构研究

旨在分析四川省7个地方猪种类群和山东省徒河黑猪重要经济性状关联SNP位点基因型分布及群体间遗传结构。本研究采用中芯一号芯片对23头成华猪、26头雅南猪、60头青峪猪、57头内江猪、151头丫杈猪、57头乌金猪（凉山类群）、51头平原藏猪、109头高原藏猪和28头徒河黑猪共562头健康种猪进行了单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）分析,利用Plink软件对获得的基因型数据进行质控,结合R等软件,统计分析猪7个重要经济性状的基因型;采用Mega X软件进行聚类分析,使用Plink软件进行主成分（PCA）分析,通过VCFtools软件计算猪群间的群体遗传分化指数（Fst）,分析群体间遗传关系远近。结果显示,四川省地方猪群体中,采食量、酸肉和应激性状的非优势基因型比例均在2.20%以下;抗仔猪腹泻、料重比（FCR）、公猪精液品质和多肋性状的非优势基因型比例分别为8.99%、11.80%、73.97%和95.32%;徒河黑猪群体中,应激性状已无q等位基因,采食量和酸肉性状的非优势基因型比例较低,均为3.57%;公猪精液品质、抗仔猪腹泻、料重比和多肋性状的非优势基因型比例较高,分别为39.29%、50.00%、82.14%和92.86%;聚类和主成分分析显示,徒河黑猪与四川地方猪种间遗传距离远,丫杈猪、乌金猪、内江猪和藏猪（平原和高原）各自聚为一类,品种间群体分层结构明显,雅南猪、成华猪、青峪猪聚为一类;Fst指数计算结果表明,同属于湖川山地猪的丫杈猪和青峪猪间存在高度遗传分化。结果提示,四川省地方猪群体的采食量、酸肉、应激、抗仔猪腹泻和料重比性状的非优势基因型比例较低,公猪精液品质和多肋性状的非优势基因型比例较高;徒河黑猪群体的应激性状已无q等位基因,采食量和酸肉性状的非优势基因型比例较低,公猪精液品质、抗仔猪腹泻、料重比和多肋性状的非优势基因型比例较高;群体遗传结构研究结果表明,丫杈猪与青峪猪都归类于湖川山地猪有待商榷。     

猪丹毒的诊治

[目的]为查清湖南湘潭市3个猪场疫情发生的原因。[方法]开展了流行病学调查和临床诊断、病理解剖、实验室检测。[结果]本次疫情共有3个养殖场的32头猪发病,其中育肥猪、架子猪、仔猪分别发病3头、26头、3头,发病率分别为：37.5%、8.67%、11.5%;死亡4头,其中架子猪3头、仔猪1头,死亡率分别是：1.0%、仔猪3.85%。[结论]最终确诊这3个场/户的猪只发生了猪丹毒疫情,并提出了综合性防治措施。