Asymmetric electrophilic fluorination using an anionic chiral phase-transfer catalyst

The discovery of distinct modes of asymmetric catalysis has the potential to rapidly advance chemists' ability to build enantioenriched molecules. As an example, the use of chiral cation salts as phase-transfer catalysts for anionic reagents has enabled a vast set of enantioselective transformations. Here, we present evidence that a largely overlooked analogous mechanism wherein a chiral anionic catalyst brings a cationic species into solution is itself a powerful method. The concept is applied to the enantioselective fluorocyclization of olefins with a cationic fluorinating agent and a chiral phosphate catalyst. The reactions proceed in high yield and stereoselectivity, especially considering the scarcity of alternative approaches. This technology can in principle be applied to the large portion of reaction space that uses positively charged reagents and reaction intermediates.     

甲酸对苜蓿草渣青贮饲料营养价值的影响

在晾晒24 h的苜蓿草渣中分别加入0,10,20 g／kg的甲酸进行青贮。结果表明。苜蓿草渣青贮后,无论有无甲酸,3个青贮组与原料组相比,干物质及有机物质的消化率、有机酸含量都显著的提高(P<0.01)。添加甲酸能明显降低青贮料的pH值,氨态氮、丁酸的含量并能保存更多的蛋白质。10 g／kg甲酸添加组的青贮效果最好。     

蔗渣甲酸法蒸煮过程中碳水化合物的降解规律

甲酸具有较好的溶出木素的能力,同时也能水解纤维素和半纤维素等碳水化合物.本研究以蔗渣为原料、甲酸为蒸煮药液,采用有机溶剂法制浆,通过测定蒸煮废液中己糖和戊糖的含量来表征碳水化合物在甲酸溶剂法蒸煮过程中的水解情况.试验表明,在木素脱出的同时,碳水化合物也发生了不同程度的降解,其中半纤维素迅速溶出,其降解速率随甲酸浓度的提高而迅速增加,在90%甲酸条件下,40 min内半纤维素基本上被水解;而纤维素的降解则较缓和,对于蔗渣原料在100℃,90%甲酸条件下,80 min后才发生明显降解.     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料酸化剂中甲酸和丙酸含量

采用水超声提取样品,反相高效液相法测定饲料酸化剂中甲酸和丙酸的含量.色谱条件为C18柱[250 mm×4.6 mm(I.D.),5μm],乙腈+0.02%磷酸溶液(5+95,v/v)为流动相,检测波长210 nm.检测结果表明:甲酸和丙酸在100～2 000 μg/mL线性关系良好,回收率为95.8%～99.2%.     

以甲酸为插入剂制备无硫可膨胀石墨

首次以浓硝酸为氧化剂、以甲酸为插入剂，制备了无硫可膨胀石墨。其最佳条件是：石墨，硝酸，甲酸的质量比为1：1：0．8，反应温度为30℃，反应时间为40min。     

负载型固体超强酸催化剂研究进展

文章对负载型固体超强酸催化剂的制备方法、性能改性和应用进行了综述,并对此类催化剂今后的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望.     

Oscillatory thermomechanical instability of an ultrathin catalyst

Because of the small thermal capacity of ultrathin ( approximately 200 nanometers) metal single crystals, it is possible to explore the coupling of catalytic and thermal action at low pressures. We analyzed a chemothermomechanical instability in this regime, in which catalytic reaction kinetics interact with heat transfer and mechanical buckling to create oscillations. These interacting components are separated and explored through experimentation, mathematical modeling, and scientific computation, and an explanation of the phenomenon emerges from their synthesis.     

球磨法合成钒基催化剂及其催化生物质制备甲酸

分别采用无溶剂机械球磨法和浸渍法合成了V/ZSM-5固体催化剂,通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、N2物理吸附和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等手段表征了催化剂的物相、表面形貌、V的价态、比表面积以及V的含量。结果表明,两种方法合成的催化剂中V元素的负载量接近(约为1.7%)。相比于传统浸渍法,本研究提出的球磨法无需任何溶剂,时间短(1 h),其合成的催化剂颗粒较小,比表面积更大(367.0 m^2·g^-1 vs 223.9 m^2·g^-1),且球磨法得到的催化剂V的价态较高,相同催化条件下球磨法合成的催化剂性能优于浸渍法合成的催化剂(45%vs 35%)。系统研究了不同实验因素对催化反应的影响规律,在温度180℃、水为溶剂、催化剂与底物质量比为1∶2、氧气3 MPa、反应时间30 min时,葡萄糖转化产甲酸的产率最高,达到45%。此外,在该球磨法合成的催化剂作用下,多种生物质基碳水化合物均能用来制备甲酸。本研究为金属负载型催化剂的设计合成提供了另一种途径,简单、高效、易操作且环境友好,对于木质纤维素类农林废弃物向高附加值化学品的转化具有重要意义。     

一株高效慢生型花生根瘤菌的筛选

[目的]为筛选出一株更加高效促生的花生根瘤菌。[方法]从山东、河北、河南、辽宁4个花生种植地区的20个土样中分离出20株野生型花生根瘤菌。[结果]与现有生产使用的花生根瘤菌144相比,高效固氮的慢生型花生根瘤菌单株结瘤数提高27.4%,单株干重提高8.7%,单株全氮含量提高6.5%,单株产量提高30.45%。[结论]经过16s鉴定及盆栽试验比较,最终筛选出一株高效固氮的慢生型花生根瘤菌。     

氧化铁对腐殖酸的吸附机制研究

对不同pH、电解质强度条件下氧化铁对腐殖酸的吸附量、解吸量和腐殖酸可见光谱(E4/E6)进行测定和分析,从而探讨氧化铁对腐殖酸的吸附机理。采用批量平衡震荡法进行氧化铁对腐殖酸的吸附实验,并用分光光度计对吸附前后的E4/E6进行检测。结果表明:酸性环境中物理吸附、物理化学吸附和化学吸附并存,其中物理吸附占了近一半;中性和弱碱性环境中氧化铁对腐殖酸的吸附以化学吸附为主。吸附过程中,吸附在矿物表面的腐殖酸的分子量大、芳构化度大,芳香环的缩合度较大;解吸过程中,中性条件解吸出来的HA的分子量大、芳构化大、芳香环的缩合度较大,碱性条件解吸出的腐殖酸的分子量小、芳构化度小、芳香环的缩合度较小。三氧化二铁和四氧化三铁与不同电解质强度的不同组合条件下,其吸附机制基本相同。     

固体超强酸催化合成乙酸丁酯的研究

以ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２（ＳＺ）为催化剂,研究了固体酸对此酯化反头的催化性能。结果表明,ＳＺ对于此酯化反应是一种良好的固体催化剂。     

Discovery of an unmelted h-chondrite inclusion in an iron meteorite

The link between H chondrites and silicate inclusions in group IIE iron meteorites has long been suspected, but direct evidence for a common parentage has remained elusive. The discovery of an unmelted chondritic inclusion in the Techado iron meteorite sheds light on the genetic relation between these two groups, providing clues on the origin of chondritic materials as inclusions in iron meteorites. It is proposed that the complex IIE iron meteorite breccias formed by collisions with several different bodies, followed by deep burial of metal and silicate fragments in the asteroidal megaregolith.     

Efficient oxidative dechlorination and aromatic ring cleavage of chlorinated phenols catalyzed by iron sulfophthalocyanine

An efficient method has been developed for the catalytic oxidation of pollutants that are not easily degraded. The products of the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) oxidation of 2,4,6,-trichlorophenol (TCP) catalyzed by the iron complex 2,9,16,23-tetrasulfophthalocyanine (FePcS) were observed to be chloromaleic, chlorofumaric, maleic, and fumaric acids from dechlorination and aromatic cycle cleavage, as well as additional products that resulted from oxidative coupling. Quantitative analysis of the TCP oxidation reaction revealed that up to two chloride ions were released per TCP molecule. This chemical system, consisting of an environmentally safe oxidant (H(2)O(2)) and an easily accessible catalyst (FePcS), can perform several key steps in the oxidative mineralization of TCP, a paradigm of recalcitrant pollutants.     

氨基酸螯合铁在母猪生产中的应用研究

以妊娠后期母猪和仔猪日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁为试验组,以妊娠后期母猪和仔猪日粮中添加硫酸亚铁为对照1组,以妊娠后期母猪不补铁而仔猪3日龄注射铁针制剂为对照2组,结果发现,添加甘氨酸螯合铁的母猪所产仔猪初生重比对照组提高42%～44%,仔猪28日龄内死亡率降低4 5～9个百分点,仔猪7日龄血液中铁的含量提高24 7%～89 4%,母猪初乳中铁的含量比对照组提高39%～102 6%。本试验结果表明,妊娠后期母猪日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁能有效预防仔猪的缺铁性贫血。     

小麦基因枪高效转化体系的建立

以小麦幼胚为基因枪转化受体 ,用含GUS和bar基因的质粒pDM80 3对小麦幼胚进行转化 ,并对幼胚大小、轰击距离、质粒和金粉用量等参数对GUS瞬时表达率及表达量的影响进行了研究。幼胚以 1 0～ 1 5mm最为适宜 ,6cm和 9cm各轰击一次、质粒 0 .5μg/枪及金粉 30 0 μg/枪 ,GUS瞬时表达率及表达量最高。通过对以上参数的优化 ,建立了一个高效的小麦基因枪转化体系。     

新型复合氨基酸络合铁对肉鸡生产性能、血液指标和组织铁含量的影响

为探究肉鸡日粮中添加以两种氨基酸螯合成的新型复合氨基酸络合铁添加剂对肉鸡生长性能、器官指数、血液指标、组织抗氧化性能和铁含量的影响,选用960只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡公雏,随机分为6个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复20只雏鸡。试验处理组分别在玉米-豆粕基础日粮中添加0、20、40、80及120mg/kg的新型复合氨基酸络合铁(ZprFe)和80mg/kg硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4)。结果表明:1)肉鸡日粮中添加ZprFe对肉鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)日粮中添加ZprFe显著提高了肉鸡42日龄肝脏和脾脏指数(P0.05),且随着日粮中铁水平的添加呈线性和二次增加(P0.05)。3)添加ZprFe显著提高21日龄和42日龄血清铁含量(P0.05);显著降低21日龄血清总铁结合力(P0.05),但对42日龄血清总铁结合力无显著影响(P0.05)。添加ZprFe显著提高21日龄血清含锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)活性和42日龄血清含铜与锌超氧化物歧化酶CuZn-SOD活性(P0.05)。4)添加ZprFe对肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)无显著影响(P0.05),但可显著提高胸肌T-SOD活性和T-AOC能力(P0.05)。添加ZprFe对肝脏铁含量影响显著,随着日粮中铁水平含量的增高,肝脏铁含量呈显著线性增加(P0.05)。综上,日粮中添加新型复合氨基酸络合铁ZprFe有利于肉鸡器官生长发育,提高肉鸡抗氧化性能和组织铁沉积,推荐在本研究条件下AA肉鸡日粮中添加ZprFe的适宜添加范围为40～80mg/kg,为实际生产提供理论依据。     

Butler, missouri: an unusual iron meteorite

The Butler iron meteorite has been found to have, with respect to other iron meteorites, an unusually high cobalt content (1.4 percent by weight), unusually high germanium contents in the kamacite and the taenite phases, and an unusually low cooling rate (0.5 degrees C/10(6) years). It is suggested that Butler formed in a different environment from that of the rest of the iron meteorites.