Experimental Study of Soil Stress on the Holding Sheet of Pile-Anchor Holding-Block Structure System

This paper studies the soil stress on the holding sheet between the pile-anchor erecting columns of the pile-anchor holding block structure system often used in Chongqing. Based on the indoor model tests, this paper makes a qualitative analysis about the variation rules of the soil stress on the holding sheet. The results are compared with the calculation results on classical soil stress theory. Then, this paper suggests that the classical soil stress theory is unsuitable to calculating and analyzing the soil stress on the holding sheet.     

Direct Alloying of High Speed Steel M2 with CaWO_4 MoO_3 V_2O_5

The principle and possibility of alloying of high speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2 (M2) with CaWO 4 MoO 3 V 2O 5 during the steelmaking are discussed, experiments of the alloying technologcial process have been carried out, the properties of M2 product have been determined, the benefit have been analysed. The results show that the rate of recovery of W Mo V are respectively 97.08%, 96.51%, 93.79% during the steelmaking of M2 alloying with CaWO 4 MoO 3 V 2O 5 in induction furnace, the chemical composition and properties of product M2 can meet the demands that the standard of high speed steel M2 requires.     

INVESTIGATION ON THE DITERMINATION OF LOW-VALENCE TITANIUM(II,III) IN SLAG CONTAINING A HIGH TITANIUM CONTENT

In this article a method is investigated for the determination of low-valence titanium in slag containing a high titanium content. The residue is dissolved using H2SO4-HF-H3PO4 after tMFe, Fe2O3 and the part of FeO are separated from sample with FeCl3-HCl, and NH4 Fe(SO4)2 is added to oxidate low titanium. Then the standard solution of K2Cr2O7 is used to tit-rat Fe2+ in sample solution. The method possesed with a advantage of simple rapid and good repeatability so that it can be used in the roution determination.     

Grinding Hardening Experiments of Non-quenched and tempered Steel Piece

By comparison with quenching and tempering steels the non-quenched-tempered steels not only decrease produetion cost but also can avoid deformation of parts by heat treatment. Grinding hardening, the technology of hardening steel piece surface with grinding heat instead of high or medium frequency induction hardening heat, can integrate grinding surface hardening. This paper tries to carry out test study on grinding hardening of non- quenched and tempered steel. Through carrying out the grinding experiments with variable cut depths and feed speeds, the changing law of depth of hardening layer is studied, and the mierostrueture of test-piece is analyzed. Experimental results show the feasibility of grinding hardening of non- quenched and tempered steel, and the conclusion of this paper can lay the foundations of grinding hardening technology of non-quenched and tempered steel piece.     

不同处理方法打破菊芋块茎休眠对比研究

以青芋1、2、3号菊芋块茎为试验材料,设计了不同浓度赤霉素（GA₃）溶液浸种及不同热激温度处理条件下对打破菊芋块茎休眠的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的赤霉素（GA₃）处理间存在着一定的差异,以10 mg/L处理效果最好。热激温度处理下,青芋1号菊芋在处理1下效果最好,青芋2号菊芋在处理4下发芽率最好;青芋3号菊芋在处理2下发芽率最好;2种方法对比之下以赤霉素浓度为10 mg/L时打破菊芋块茎休眠较好。     

Test and FEM Analysis of Junior Beam Deflection Influenced by Steel Floor Sheet

For light gauge steel floor,the structure testing and finite element method were applied to study the junior beam's inflection capability influenced by steel floor sheet.Analysis results show that the thin steel floor sheet affects junior beam's deflection very strongly.This conclusion has value for design of new structure or evaluating load support capability to the steel floors.     

PHASE ANALYSLS OF LOW-VALENCE TITANIUM IN SLAG CONTAINING HIGH TITANIUM

Hcl is used to remove MF4, Fe2O3 and part of FeO. The residue is dissolved by H2SO4-HF-H3PO4. Then, NH4Fe(SO4)2 is added to oxidate low-valence titanium and the standard solution of K2Cr2O7 is used to titrate Fe2+. The amount of total iron minus the amount of iron which has been removed, so that the amount of residue Fe2+ can be adjusted. This method has many advantages such as simplicity, rapidity repeatability.     

Effect of B2O3 on the physico-chemical properties of mold slag used for high-Al steel

A new mold slag with low content SiO2 and high content Al2O3 is designed in order to avoid or alleviate the reaction between Al and SiO2 during the continuous casting of high-Al steel, the acidity of this slag is adjusted by adding B2O3, and the effect of B2O3 content on the fusion property, viscosity property and heat transfer characteristics through the mold slag film of the mold slag is analyzed. The results show that the fusion temperature, viscosity, viscous flow activation energy decrease and heat flux through the slag film increases with the increase of B2O3 content in the range of 4%~10%; temperature time transformation (TTT) diagrams move to longer incubation time with the increase of B2O3, while the crystallization speed of mold fluxes decreases; under this experiment condition, the precipitation of CaF2 crystals can be restrained by the increase of B2O3 content in the mold slag.     

Water Stress and N Fertilization Effects on Yield and Smut Disease Incidence in Corn (Zea mays L.)

A 2-year field experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam soil to quantify the single and combined effects of N fertilization and water stress (WS) treatments on yield and smut incidence in corn. The plants were supplied with two different N rates (225 and 300 kg ha⁻¹) and subjected to 2 weeks' water stress, imposed at vegetative (Vg), tasselling (Ta), silking (Si) and grain-filling (Gf) growth stages. In addition, a control treatment (Cr) was also included to allow the plants to grow under unstressed conditions. The plants were artificially infected two times with Ustilago maydis spores and smut severity was recorded. At harvest, grain yield (GY), total biomass (Tbm) and harvest index (HI) were determined in smut-free (0) and smutted plants (S). Results have shown that GY₀ and GY_s were markedly reduced when the plants were subjected to WS. The depressing effects of WS were, comparatively, high at Gf. intermediate at Ta and Si. and low at Vg growth stages. Smut index (SI) data revealed that severity was higher on plants stressed at Gf than those exposed to WS at Vg, Ta or Si stages. Considerable variations were detected on Tbm and HI of smut-free and smutted plants, indicating the detrimental effect of plant water deficit at Gf stage. The combined effect of WS and N on Tbm_s showed mixed results, ranging from positive response for stressed plants at Si and Gf to little response at Cr, Vg or Ta stages at higher N rate. Although the effect of WS exposure on RYL data was dominant at Gf, the rate of yield depression was relatively higher at Ta and Si than the other growth stages, because of water deficit effects. The results proved that N fertilization did not conclusively alleviate the depressing effect of WS on grain yield losses.     

热处理及保鲜剂Amistai Dip对甜瓜的贮藏效果

采用不同热处理温度、热处理时间、保鲜剂浓度对甜瓜进行三因素三水平的正交设计试验，通过定期对处理后贮藏甜瓜硬度、失重率、可溶性固形物等指标的测定及统计分析来说明热处理及保鲜剂Amistai Dip对甜瓜贮藏的作用，并探讨其保鲜效果的优劣。用40℃、50℃、60℃热水对甜瓜分别进行2min、3min、4min浸渍，之后，喷施50mg/kg、100mg/kg、150mg/kg不同浓度的保鲜剂。实验结果表明：50℃处理3min，浓度为150mg/kg的Amistai Dip可明显改善甜瓜的品质，延长甜瓜的寿命，延缓其衰老     

Simulation and experiment for warp characteristic of wet multiple disc clutches

Based on the real size and constrain of the wet clutch, the friction pair of temperature, stress fields coupling model, and the heat convection coefficient model are established. The transient thermal-structural coupling and the thermoelastic instability of the phenomenon of friction discs generated in overload tests are numerically simulated and analyzed with ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Additionally, the distribution of the hot spots in the circle direction and surface of the friction discs are revealed, the distribution of the stress and strain caused by the thermoelastic instability is analyzed and tested. The results show that hot spots and contact pressure are mutual promotion. The thermal expansion and stress concentration caused by temperature gradient lead to steel disc warp. The heat fading caused by the thermoelastic instability leads to steel disc failure.     

LCF Properties Compare of Two Kind of PD3 Rail-steel

The author investigates the effect of mean stress and stress's amplitude with the non symmetry low cycle fatigue (LCF) experiment of two kinds of PD3 rail steel (hot rolling and off line heat treatment) produced by PanZhiHua steel company. The rigidity's evolvement of the two kinds of PD3 rail steel at different stage of life is analyzed.     

冻融损伤对再生混凝土耐久性及与钢筋粘结性能分析

制作掺入引气剂和未掺入引气剂的100%粗骨料取代率的再生混凝土RC1和RC2两组试件以及掺入引气剂和未掺入引气剂的普通混凝土NC1和NC2两组试件,并分别对经过不同次数冻融循环试件的抗压强度、质量损失率、动弹性模量损失率进行研究。结果表明,冻融后各组试件的抗压强度、质量损失率及动弹性模量损失率均降低,对于添加引气剂的NC1和RC1两组试件损失较小,其中RC1组试件在200次冻融后抗压强度损失接近40%,质量损失率达0.5%,动弹性模量损失率38.5%。100%取代率并加入引气剂的ZRC组试件冻融后进行中心拨出实验,发生劈裂破坏和钢筋拔出破坏2种形式。再生粗骨料混凝土与钢筋的极限粘结应力均随冻融次数的增加而降低,200次冻融后极限粘结应力下降33.5,荷载滑移曲线既有上升段也有下降段。     

萝卜耐热性鉴定田间指标的筛选

从萝卜外部形态、产量水平多项指标入手,通过指标筛选,提出萝卜耐热性田间鉴定有效指标为：苗期单位面积叶鲜重、热害指数、越夏死株率、有效根率。鉴定标准分别为：苗期单位面积叶鲜重(W/A)≥0.5g/cm2为强耐热,(W/A)介于0.2~0.5g/cm2为中等耐热,(W/A)≤0.2g/cm2为感热。叶片热害指数≤10%为强耐热,介于10%~30%为中等耐热,≥30%为感热。越夏死株率≤10%为耐热,介于10%~20%为中等耐热,≥20%为感热。有效根率≥90%为强耐热,80%~90%为中等耐热,≤80%为感热。其中越夏死株率和有效根率是萝卜田间鉴定较简便的操作方法,可广泛用于大批材料的初步鉴定筛选。     

保存在重铬酸钾中的微小隐孢子虫卵囊活性及传染性研究

目的 探索保存在4℃ 2.5 %重铬酸钾(K2Cr2O7)中1－30个月的微小隐孢子虫卵囊（CPO）的活性和对免疫抑制BALB/C小鼠的感染性。方法 通过体外脱囊技术测定卵囊的脱囊率评价卵囊的活性;以BALB/C小鼠为感染模型,通过检测CPO感染小鼠的潜伏期、排卵囊数量和回肠末端绒毛中的隐孢子虫数量来评价卵囊的传染性。结果 保存在2.5 % K2Cr2O7中1—16个月的卵囊出现脱囊;免疫抑制BALB/C小鼠在感染保存1—16个月的卵囊后3－8 d开始排出大量的卵囊,且发现在末端回肠绒毛中寄生有大量的隐孢子虫;卵囊的保存时间与潜伏期之间存在强烈的相关性(r2＝0.92)。结论CPO在4℃ 2.5 % K2Cr2O7中能保持活性和传染性至少16个月,K2Cr2O7是保存CPO的良好介质。     

魔芋茎尖玻璃化冻存研究

研究了魔芋茎尖玻璃化冻存的主要技术环节，建立了较适宜的魔芋种质资源超低温保存体系：在实体显微镜下，从继代培养2周的不定芽上切取1～1.33mm大小的茎尖，经0.7mol/L蔗糖的MS-NH+4培养液室内预培养2d，玻璃化溶液PVS2室温下处理10～20min，直接投入液氮中保存。保存后，茎尖经40～77℃水浴快速化冻，1.2mol/L蔗糖的培养液     

响应面法优化胶冻样芽孢杆菌发酵条件的研究

为了优化响应面法对胶冻样芽孢杆菌的发酵条件。在单因素的基础上选择酵母膏、糖蜜以及pH为自变量,芽孢杆菌的芽孢数为响应值,根据Box-Behnken实验设计原理进行响应面法分析,确定了胶冻样芽孢杆菌发酵条件的最佳组成为：酵母膏0.53%,糖蜜2.18%,pH 7.91,在此条件下最大理论芽孢数为1.853×108个/mL。经过3次平行实验验证,实际芽孢数为1.813×108个/mL。该试验值与预测值很接近。     

硅肥用量对水稻茎秆抗折力的影响研究

研究不同硅肥施用量对水稻茎秆抗折力的影响,为水稻生产中合理施用硅肥,提高水稻抗倒伏能力提供重要参考。本研究选用了3个抗倒伏能力有一定差异的品种（组合）为材料,分析了3个水平硅肥施用量对水稻灌浆期的3个基部节间抗折力和整株抗推力的影响。施用硅肥的处理比未施用硅肥的对照处理的茎秆节间抗折力有一定程度的提高,D2处理从总体上增加抗折力的幅度较大,不同的品种抗折力的提高有所不同,其中‘绿优1号’、‘汕优63’在Si 60 kg/hm²处理下茎秆抗折力最大,‘中优838’在Si 30 kg/hm²处理下抗折力最大;而整株抗推力的表现与节间抗折力有一定差异,从分析结果看,在Si 30 kg/hm²处理下整株抗推力最大,折合成单茎抗推力也较大,且在3个品种上表现基本一致。一般的中籼水稻品种在生产中可适量施用硅肥来提高水稻的抗倒伏能力,一般施纯Si 30 kg/hm²,施硅量不宜过大,可根据不同的品种作适当调整。     

CHEMICAL HEAT TREATMENT OF POISONLESS LIQUID FOR 20 STEEL'' S HAND SAW

The influence of carburizer in salt bath which contains some rare earth elements on the technical paramenter of heat treatment and the property of hand saws with low carbon steel are investigated. The compositional recipe of carburizer and the technical parameter of heat treatment are determined by means of the microstructrue analysis,peeling analysis. TEM observation and sawability test. The effect of rare earth elcments in chemical heat treatment of salt bath and its influence on microstructure and properties of hand saws are also discussed.     

农村小批量餐厨垃圾单相厌氧消化现场化处理及效益分析

利用农村已有的8 m3户用沼气池,探索技术可行且应用成本相对较低的单相厌氧消化工艺条件,实现农村小批量餐厨垃圾现场化处置,并无害化处理终端废弃物实现资源化利用。原料取自四川省内农户家庭,采用单相半连续发酵进行厌氧消化,选定进料有机负荷与接种量为工艺条件变量,以实际产气量、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量等为评价指标,并对其终端废弃物沼液与沼渣进行取样分析。结果表明：农村餐厨垃圾基本理化特性使其具备适用厌氧消化技术的条件和可能性,将其进料有机负荷控制在10 gVS/L,接种量维持在20~30 gVS/L 范围内,该厌氧发酵系统有着相对较高的降解效率,实际产气量在457~485 mL/gVS范围内,其产生的沼气可直接作为清洁能源使用,其终端废弃物沼渣沼液符合农业部生物有机肥国家标准(NY 884—2012),可直接作为农业有机肥施用。可得出结论,以农村户用沼气工程现有的管理水平与管理模式为基础,对餐厨垃圾进行单相厌氧消化,无需大量额外的辅助设备与复杂操作流程,厌氧消化工艺操作简单易行且便于推广,经济效益明显,环境效益较优。