蚁形郭公虫人工饲料及繁殖饲养研究

在Reeve提出的配方基础上,研制出了适宜蚁形郭公虫Thanasimus formicarius的人工饲料配方,并以该配方饲料为基础,形成相应配套的蚁形郭公虫饲养技术。     

An artificial diet for shrews (Soricidae)

The common shrew (Sorex araneus L.) and the pygmy shrew (S. minutus L.) could be raised for several months in captivity using the tupaii food Altromin 8010^®. The artificial diet was well accepted and the animals increased in weight.     

Antibiotic properties of the glucosinolates of Brassica oleracea var. acephala similarly affect generalist and specialist larvae of two lepidopteran pests

Glucosinolates may deter generalist insect feeding as their toxicity causes fitness damage, whereas insects specialized in brassicaceous plants may circumvent the toxic effect. By using no-choice leaf tests, we investigated whether larval development time, body weight, mortality and feeding rate of the generalist Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) and the specialist Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera, Pieridae), were affected by six genotypes of Brassica oleracea var. acephala, selected for having high or low concentration of sinigrin, glucoiberin (aliphatics) and glucobrassicin (indole). Two phenological plant stages were used. On young plants, M. brassicae most consumed the high sinigrin and low glucoiberin genotypes. Larvae weighed more on the high sinigrin plants. Development time took longer on the low glucoiberin genotype. On mature plants, consumption rate decreased on the high glucoiberin genotype. Larval weight decreased on the high sinigrin, glucoiberin and glucobrassicin genotypes, and development time increased with high glucobrassicin concentration. Pupal weight and mortality rate increased on mature plants, irrespective of the genotype. Pieris rapae fed most on young plants with high sinigrin, and larval weight increased on the high glucoiberin genotype. Mortality increased with low glucoiberin and low glucobrassicin. On mature plants, larval weight decreased with high sinigrin and glucoiberin. The high glucoiberin genotype was the less consumed and also induced a longer development time. High content of aliphatic glucosinolates offered mature plants significant antibiosis defence against both the lepidopterans, whereas the indole glucosinolate was marginally effective. Young plants were more consumed and increased larval weight likely because glucosinolate concentration was still not optimal.     

中国林蛙的人工驯养及开发利用研究

1999～2003年，用驯养标记回捕和室内测试，研究引种东北中国林蛙在山东济宁小北湖野外生长繁殖情况，结果表明中国林蛙适应性强，单雌产卵量1400～1500粒，孵化率90％，变态率86％，成活率78％，回收率20％，投入产出比1：13，3年为一个生长周期。     

The effects of different rearing diet media on the irradiated pupae and adults of flour beetle,Tribolium confusum (J. du val)

In this study, gamma radiation was applied between 10–120 Gy at 10 dose levels for 2–4 days-old pupae; 10–150 Gy at 11 dose levels for 12–14 days-old adults ofT. confusum. All experiments were carried out in incubators maintained at 27±0.5°C and 70±5% relative humidity. The development of adults reared on different flours from irradiated pupae was not prevented by exposing these stages investigated doses. Rapidly developing confused flour beetle were more susceptible to killing by gamma radiation. Adults that emerged from treated pupa had elytral and other deformities. In barley flour, rate of deformed individuals were higher than the other rearing media. LD₅₀, LD_99,9 and SD_99,9 values for wheat flour were high compared with both barley and maize flour. For adult treatment, there were differences in survival among rearing diets especially at doses of 40, 50 and 60 Gys. But there were no differences for LD₅₀ and LD_99,9 values at adult stage, indicating little influence of rearing medium on susceptibility of adults. On the other hand, there were little differences between rearing diets for SD₅₀ and SD_99,9.With 6 tables and 4 figures     

容器育苗和移植技术研究

对容器育苗技术的理论与实践进行了探索，通过对成活率，生长速度，郁闭时间的比较，表明容器育苗技术具有显著优越性和先进性，摸索出一套容器育苗和移植的关键技术。     

赤腹松鼠危害季节变化与食性的初步探讨

通过定点调查研究,赤腹松鼠对林木的危害发生在12～6月,危害严重期是4、5两个月,主要危害树种为柳杉、杉木.通过对其胃内容物的解剖分析,其为植食性啮齿动物,偶尔也取食昆虫,其食物组成有明显的季节性变化,由春季非常单一到夏、秋季逐渐丰富,到冬季再度单一.     

基质和穴盘规格对黄山花楸幼苗生长的影响

采用6种基质配比和4种穴盘规格进行黄山花楸的差异栽培,对幼苗生长、生物量及生理指标进行测定,旨在寻求黄山花楸幼苗生长适宜的基质和穴盘类型.结果如下:基质对幼苗生长影响显著,V(泥炭土):V(蛭石)=2:1的M4基质幼苗质量指标显著高于其他,为最优组合;穴盘规格对幼苗生长的影响因苗龄而异,苗龄60天,穴盘空间未对幼苗根系及地上部分生长产生限制,可选用根域体积最小的T1穴盘进行栽培;90天,苗高、地径、生物量、根系活力、叶绿素含量等指标均随穴盘高度增加而递增,宜选用各项指标均为最高的T4穴盘,为节约资源亦可选用与T4多项质量指标差异不显著的T2穴盘.     

New and little-known lepidopteran (Lepidoptera) phytophages on the poplars (Populus spp.) in Bulgaria

Investigations were carried out during the period 1997-1999 on lepidopteran entomofauna deleterious to poplars (Populus spp.) in Bulgaria. The phytophages were collected in larval and pupal stage and were reared under laboratory con-ditions to the adult stage. In two regions of Bulgaria, Sofia and Montana, 18 new and little-known phytophages in seven families were established on the trees in Populus genus: Limenitis populi (L.) (Nymphalidae); Anacampsis populefia (Cl.), Gelechia turpella (Den. & Schiff.) (Gelechiidae); Synanthedon melliniformis (Lasp.) (Sesiidae); Euproctis similis (Fuessl.) (Lymantriidae); Drymonia velitaris (Hufn.), Notodonta tritophus (Den. & Schiff.) (Notodontidae); Amphipyra pyramidea (L.), Catocala nupta (L.), Cosmia trapezina (L.), Enargia paleacea (Esp.), Eupsilia transversa (Hufn.), Ipomorpha subtusa (Den. & Schiff.), Parastichtis ypsilon (Den. & Schiff.), Scoliopteryx libatrix (L.) (Noctuidae); Gastropacha quercifolia (L.), Phyllodesma tremulifolia (Hb.) and Poecilocampa populi (L.) (Lasiocampidae). G. turpella and S. melliniformis are new records for Bulgaria and D. velitaris was found for the first time in Northern Bulgaria. Thirteen species (L. populi, E. similis, D. velltaris, N. tritophus, A. pyramidea, C. nupta, C. trapezina, E. transversa, I. subtusa, P. ypsilon, G. quercifolia, P. tremulifolia and P. populi) were established for the first time in Bulgaria to have a trophic relationship with poplars. G. turpella and L subtusa were occurred in the highest population densities – up to 1.6 larvae/m and up to 1.1 larvae/m respectively. The remaining species occurred in low population densities in the studied habitats and were not considered to be pests on the poplars.     

柞蚕场砂化、退化成因分析及柞蚕业发展的基本构想

最近30 a,辽东山区的柞蚕场资源明显出现衰退趋势,年均衰退率在0.89%,整个辽东山区的蚕场砂化和退化面积已占23.4%,达1.5×105hm2,水土流失逐年增加,局部地表已出现沟蚀现象。本文通过对现有柞蚕场资源调查,分析了柞蚕场砂化、退化的成因,并就柞蚕业与生态环境建设协调发展,提出了柞蚕业发展的基本构想。     

中华虎凤蝶的饲养技术及其保护园的建立

论述了珍稀濒危昆虫中华虎凤蝶的饲养技术和它的寄主植物杜衡的生物学特性和栽培技术。现已建立了该蝶保护园,并取得了较好的保护效果。     

绿头鸭人工驯养繁育技术

绿头鸭是家鸭的祖先。本文从场址选择、成体选对、种蛋消毒、孵化温湿度控制、出雏及雏期饲养管理等方面介绍了绿头鸭的人工繁育技术。     

枫杨种子活力测定方法研究

以枫杨种子为材料,研究种子活力测定方法预测种子田间出苗率的准确性.结果表明:随着老化处理时间的延长,种子活力不断下降,老化5 d时,种子活力减半;幼苗生长测定法得出的种子发芽率和发芽指数与田间出苗率呈显著正相关,用于预测枫杨种子播种后的田间表现最为准确;电导率测定的种子活力极不稳定;TTC定量法测定的种子活力与田间出苗...     

饲养密度对两个生物型花绒寄甲产卵和存活的影响

饲养密度对松墨天牛型和光肩星天牛型花绒寄甲的产卵量均有显著影响,其中以60头/盒(0.053头/cm3)的单雌产卵量最高,松墨天牛型寄甲为385.1粒/雌,光肩星天牛型寄甲为340.9粒/雌.密度对松墨天牛型花绒寄甲的存活率无显著影响,但对光肩星天牛型花绒寄甲的存活率有一定影响,以60头/盒处理的存活率最高,为70％.因此,在本试验条件下,2种花绒寄甲以60头/盒的饲养密度为最佳.     

桑天牛幼虫龄数与划分特征研究

通过林间采样和室内养虫获取虫源,根据Dyar规律划分幼虫龄数,确定桑天牛幼虫有6龄,其中头壳宽度为最佳分龄结构。在确定幼虫龄数的基础上,对第1腹节背步泡突后横沟下方瘤突数、尾节刚毛数、上颚外侧刚毛数进行了观察统计,并对上述形态特征判别龄数准确性进行验证。结果表明:综合应用3项形态特征与Dyar规律划分的符合率为90.47%,上述形态特征可应用于桑天牛幼虫龄数的判别。     

黄粉甲饲养方式对川硬皮肿腿蜂人工繁育的影响

以花鸟市场购买的普通黄粉甲幼虫和湖南省林业科学院培养的川硬皮肿腿蜂为试材,就黄粉甲的饲养方式对川硬皮肿腿蜂人工繁育的影响进行了研究。结果表明:20、24、28℃3种温度条件下培养的黄粉甲的老、熟、幼虫体长、初化蛹时间及蛹个体大小均有差异,随着饲养温度的降低,黄粉甲老、熟、幼虫体形变长、蛹的个体变大、初化蛹时间延长;3种温度下所化黄粉甲蛹按蜂蛹比1∶1接入川硬皮肿腿蜂后,其寄生率有显著性差异,而子代出蜂量无显著差异,20℃条件下所化蛹的寄生率和出蜂量分别较其它处理组提高了12%~22%和3~5头;在相同温度下饲喂葡萄糖的黄粉甲组与没有饲喂葡萄糖组相比,其肿腿蜂寄生率和子代数量均无显著性差异。     

测定果梅枝条电导率的取样研究

以果梅（Prunus mume Sieb.et Zucc)枝条为试材对不同取样时期、不同取样部位及不同枝龄枝的电导率测定值大小的差异进行了研究。结果表明：相同时期1年和2年生枝条的电导率之间存在显著性差异；不同时期所取1年生枝条的电导率之间也存在显著性差异；而同时期树冠不同部位的1年生枝的电导率间差异不显著。     

稠李巢蛾丝巢和幼虫空间分布型的研究

稠李巢蛾是一种重要的食叶害虫,主要危害稠李、苹果、卫矛、樱桃等植物。Cassie指标、扩散系数、丛生指数和M*/M的计算结果表明：稠李巢蛾丝巢和幼虫的空间分布格局为聚集分布,聚集的基本单位为个体群;丝巢在树冠上的分布格局为聚集分布型,幼虫在丝巢中的分布格局为聚集分布型,聚集的程度不高,并有向随机分布变化的趋势。     

啄木鸟人工鸟巢加工设备及其改进

该文介绍了我国常见啄木鸟——大斑啄木鸟Picoides major的人工鸟巢原有加工设备及改进设备,改进设备提高了人工鸟巢的加工速度和加工质量,可以实现人工鸟巢的批量生产,为大面积推广人工鸟巢招引大斑啄木鸟控制光肩星天牛技术打下良好的基础。     

水曲柳人工造林与培育技术的研究

在缓坡、轻微水湿地、农耕地等不同立地进行水曲柳人工造林,以农耕地为最佳,其次是缓坡。农耕地10 a生水曲柳人工幼林平均树高为5．430 m,为其它立地水曲柳人工幼林树高均值的150．0％,单位面积立木蓄积为其它立地立木蓄积的158．3％,树高、胸径最大值分别为6．80 m和7．3 cm,表现出较强的生长优势。水曲柳人工林生长规律为:3 a、6 a生时,树高、胸径、材积生长开始加快,速生期内胸径、树高连年生长量分别在0．40-0．67 cm之间和0．500 0-1．000 0 m之间。采用Riehards曲线进行水曲柳人工幼林树高生长过程拟合,结果为H=8．773 545×[1-EXP(-0．217 416 5 X)]3.574 767。