基于Pro/E Wildfire的水泵叶轮精确建模

基于传统的叶片加工方式，从现有的二维水力木模图的型值点出发，基于Pro／E Wildfire软件，采用从点到线、从线到曲面、再从曲面到实体的方法，实现了泵叶轮空间扭曲叶片和圆柱形叶片的三维实体造型，利用制造模具的常用方法实现了泵叶轮和流道的造型，造型方法精确，为后续的流场数值模拟和数控加工奠定了基础。     

基于UG的混流式水轮机转轮叶片实

对混流式水轮机转轮叶片进行了实体建模方法的研究。基于UG NX 4.0强大的实体化曲面处理能力,从叶片木模图提供的数据出发,采用NURBS方法建立了叶片型面的空间样条曲线模型,由此来构建叶片空间型面。同时提出了混流式水轮机转轮叶片自由曲面延展的新解决办法,并在此基础上建立了完整的叶片实体模型。叶片表面光滑性检查结果验证了该实体建模方法的可行性;完整实体模型的建立为后续叶片的分析及数控加工奠定了基础。     

基于UG的混流式水轮机转轮叶片实体建模方法研究

对混流式水轮机转轮叶片进行了实体建模方法的研究.基于UG NX 4.0强大的实体化曲面处理能力,从叶片木模图提供的数据出发,采用NURBS方法建立了叶片型面的空间样条曲线模型,由此来构建叶片空间型面.同时提出了混流式水轮机转轮叶片自由曲面延展的新解决办法,并在此基础上建立了完整的叶片实体模型.叶片表面光滑性检查结果验证了该实体建模方法的可行性;完整实体模型的建立为后续叶片的分析及数控加工奠定了基础.     

导流器叶片曲面的数控加工方法

透平膨胀机是空分设备和石油天然气液化设备中的主要工作部分，其工作效率的高低直接影响整体设备的产出率。为此，设计了一种新型的透平膨胀机导流器叶片，介绍了叶片曲面的数控加工方法。     

基于模糊多准则算法的收割机搅龙叶片机械加工研究

搅龙叶片属于复杂的曲面机械零部件,其机械加工是一个复杂多元素作用的复合过程。为了提高搅龙叶片机械加工的精度,提出了一种基于CAD和PRO/E软件的叶片加工走刀轨迹的仿真优化方法。该方法利用CAD提取搅龙叶片型面的关键点。在搅龙叶片型面数据点提取的过程中,会产生大量的加工控制点,为了对控制点进行优化筛选,提出了一种模糊多准则算法,实现了叶片的机械加工决策和优化由经验型向理论指导型的转变。在PRO/E软件中,对提取得到的关键点进行了建模,得到了叶片的型面,将型面进行合并得到了搅龙叶片的曲面实体,最后对实体进行走刀轨迹仿真,得到了搅龙叶片的机械加工精度,并将模糊多准则算法和非模糊多准则算法控制下的机械加工精度进行了对比。对比结果表明:模糊多准则算法可以有效地提高收割机搅龙叶片的机械加工精度。     

离心泵叶轮叶片CAD/CAM系统集成

针对基于传统加工方式的离心泵水力CAD软件设计结果在叶片曲面造型及数控加工方面存在的问题，提出了一种沿轴面截线进行造型的新方案。在此基础上，开发了离心泵水力设计CAD软件的接口程序，结合Pro/E软件包，实现了离心泵叶轮扭曲叶片的几何造型。对数控加工自由曲面叶片刀具干涉问题进行分析，实现了平头端铣刀无干涉刀位轨迹的自动生成，利用动态仿真进行了刀位验证。     

刀具驱动曲面生成方法研究与实现

从机械制造角度出发,根据加工时刀具形状、走刀方向、工件形状等切削条件计算出曲面关键点,并以这些理论上精确的点为曲面基础点云生成每一加工时刻零件表面.此"刀具驱动"法可以避免复杂曲面现有点云获取方法中的测量误差,并为获取大尺寸物件几何信息和工件在加工过程中每一瞬间的曲面造型提供了一种可能.     

基于自由曲面变形方法的离心泵叶片反问题方法研究

提出了一种基于自由曲面变形(FFD)方法的离心泵叶片反问题新方法。采用自由曲面变形方法对叶轮叶片形状进行控制,将叶片空间曲面嵌入到一个均匀剖分的三参数张量积控制体内,移动控制晶格点位置使控制体发生变形,控制体内的叶片曲面形状随之改变。根据给定的叶片目标载荷分布进行叶片形状的控制,构建控制晶格点的变形函数,根据叶轮内三维湍流数值模拟结果与期望的叶片载荷分布规律控制晶格点的变形,实现了由物理参数对叶片形状的直接控制。算例计算结果表明,所提出的基于FFD方法的离心泵叶片反问题方法是可行的。     

轴流式水轮机叶片曲面重构技术

详细讨论了散乱点云数据采集、点云数据的预处理、点云三角化、采用NURBS为基础的曲面重构方法以及曲面光顺与精度检测等方面内容,为具有自由曲面特征的叶片类部件提供了曲面重构流程.针对基于散乱数据的轴流式水轮机叶片外形曲面重构问题,在阐述模型重构过程基本理论的基础上,根据曲面特征进行区域分块,提出了基于流线和轴面截线构造矩形域曲面片的方法,获得了符合设计要求的叶片实体模型.研究结果表明：该方法重构的数字化模型具有良好的光顺性和精确性,为后续作业奠定了基础,为逆向工程技术应用于流体机械行业提供了客观依据.     

离心泵叶轮扭曲叶片参数化实体造型方法探讨

工程上广泛使用二维木模图为依据来表达叶轮模型。提出了沿等高线方向和沿轴截面方向给定的线型两种方法，实现水泵叶轮扭曲叶片及叶轮的参数化实体造型。在叶轮扭曲叶片参数化实体造型中对所求曲线、曲面的光顺方法进行了探讨，使扭曲叶片的造型更加准确、光滑，为进行叶轮流动性分析、数控加工模具等提供了良好的模型基础。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。