基于显微图像处理的不同种属肉骨粉鉴别分析

以20个可靠来源的肉骨粉样品（猪源、禽源、反刍源）为研究对象,采用标准方法制备骨颗粒试样,并采用光学显微镜图像系统获取其显微图像。通过系列图像处理提取骨颗粒表面代表性腔隙的显微组织特性数据,计算所得腔隙的面积、周长、长短轴长度及比率。研究发现,猪、鸡、牛、羊肉骨粉骨颗粒腔隙的面积、周长和长短轴长度数据均为正态分布,且不同种属之间均有显著性差异。PLS-DA结果显示,基于骨颗粒腔隙的面积、周长特性数据可以鉴别哺乳动物源与鸡源肉骨粉,而基于长短轴长度数据的不同种属肉骨粉识别率均较低。独立验证集结果表明：基于面积、周长及其组合特性数据可以有效进行鸡源和哺乳动物源肉骨粉的鉴别分析,模型的判别正确率均达0.93。其中基于面积和周长组合特性数据的鉴别分析结果优于基于单一特性数据的结果。而基于骨颗粒显微图像处理,很难进一步对不同哺乳动物（反刍动物和猪）源性肉骨粉进行鉴别分析。     

不同种属骨颗粒腔隙结构Micro-CT三维可视化表征方法

基于水生、陆生动物源肉骨粉骨颗粒显微腔隙形态结构的不同,提出了一种不同种属骨颗粒腔隙形态结构的Micro-CT原位三维可视化表征方法。以鱼、牛、猪和鸡骨颗粒为研究对象,利用Bruker Skyscan 1275型Micro-CT,在扫描条件优化的基础上,对各样品进行了扫描和重构条件优化,比较了全局（Global）、全局自适应（Otsu）、K-means全局聚类（K-means）、局部自适应均值（Adaptive mean-C）和局部自适应中值（Adaptive median-C）等图像阈值分割算法对骨颗粒显微腔隙成像的分割效果。优化的Micro-CT扫描条件为电压80kV、电流125μA,图像分辨率8μm、旋转步长0.20°、曝光时间46ms和360°扫描;图像三维重构条件为Smoothing 1、Post-Alignment 0、Ring-Artifacts 3和Beam-hardening 30%;采用局部自适应均值法的骨颗粒成像效果最佳,其最优参数确定为WS为5,C为0。不同动物源骨颗粒腔隙结构的Micro-CT原位三维可视化表征结果与其显微镜标准方法的结果较为一致。研究结果为水生和陆生动物源饲料快速、无损判别提供了技术支撑。     

基于近红外显微成像的豆粕和抗生素菌渣鉴别分析

以豆粕和3种抗生素菌渣为研究对象,通过傅里叶变换近红外显微成像系统采集样品近红外显微图像;对采集到的近红外显微图像进行光谱重构,并对所有样品光谱进行预处理,利用Duplex算法分别从不同的样品预处理光谱中筛选具有代表性的光谱建立豆粕和抗生素菌渣的特征光谱库。使用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)与支持向量机判别分析(SVM-DA)结合不同的光谱预处理方法,构建豆粕与不同种类抗生素菌渣的近红外显微成像定性判别模型。结果表明:构建的2种模型均能有效对试验中所用豆粕和抗生素菌渣样品进行鉴别分析,正确率均在99.4%以上。进一步比较研究发现,一阶导数+SNV的预处理方式优于无预处理、一阶导数、二阶导数;SVM-DA的模型效果优于PLS-DA,SVM-DA中特征提取方法 PLS优于PCA。     

肉骨粉显微近红外标准光谱库的快速构建方法

利用傅里叶变换显微近红外成像系统,获取了3种不同种属肉骨粉骨颗粒样本的可见光图像和显微近红外图像。采用标记分水岭算法,基于Matlab软件和友好用户界面GUI设计实现图像颗粒的自动化提取与标记,以自动化批处理方式提高了光谱的提取效率,识别率为96.4%。基于颗粒标记,从三维显微成像数据阵中获取单条骨颗粒光谱,以全局马氏距离和邻近马氏距离为指标,提取其中具有代表性的光谱即可构建肉骨粉显微近红外标准光谱库。     

精料补充料中肉骨粉的显微近红外成像识别

探讨了利用显微近红外成像技术识别精料补充料中肉骨粉的可行性.分别采集奶牛精料补充料和肉骨粉样品,制备沉淀颗粒,规则排列于聚四氟乙烯( PTFE)背景底板上,进行显微近红外图像采集.设置像素点大小为50 μm×50 μm,采集面积为5 000μm×5 000 μm,100×100个像素(共计10 000条光谱).光谱范围为7 800 ～4 000 cm -1,光谱分辨率为8 cm-1.采用主成分分析和模糊聚类分析,对显微近红外图像数据集进行信息提取与处理.结果显示,肉骨粉与精料补充料可依据在图像上不同的主成分得分进行区分;在主成分分析的基础上,通过模糊聚类方法可以进一步细化样本类别.研究表明,显微近红外成像方法可应用于肉骨粉快速检测中.     

不同热解温度骨炭孔隙结构的Micro-CT原位三维可视化表征

骨炭作为不同动物源骨粉资源化利用的一种重要产物,含有丰富的孔隙结构和活性位点,可被用作于催化剂载体或水体、土壤等环境中的吸附剂。为了三维、原位可视化表征不同动物源骨炭颗粒的孔隙结构特征,选择热解温度为400、500、600、700、800℃的猪、牛骨炭颗粒为研究对象。骨炭颗粒Micro-CT扫描条件为：管电压50 kV、管电流200 mA、图像分辨率10μm; Micro-CT图像二值化方法为Adaptive mean-C。结果表明：UM和ACE相结合的Micro-CT图像滤波处理方法最优;不同热解温度骨炭颗粒的断层结构图像和容积模型与电镜结果相近;骨炭颗粒比表面积、孔隙率和孔径分布的定量表征结果与实验室BET法的测定值相吻合。研究结果可为骨炭孔隙结构原位三维分析提供一种非破坏、可视化的表征新手段。     

皮棉表面多类异性纤维的高光谱图像检测

为了考察高光谱成像技术检测多类异性纤维共存时的性能,也为其今后用于商业化皮棉质量评价,或在线皮棉杂质分拣提供研究基础,试验采集丙纶丝和毛发共存的样本高光谱图像。依据单一异性纤维分割的最佳波段图像,获得灰度平均和小波变换后融合图像。通过对比小波变换融合图像,灰度平均图像,以及全波段下主成分和独立成分得分图像,获得用于目标分割的最佳图像。采用最优特征集和分类树判别方法,判别最佳图像分割后的连通区域,剔除噪声点和假阳性。依据目标判定原则,训练集和独立验证集的异性纤维识别率分别为84.09%和75.86%。结果表     

基于深度学习的群猪图像实例分割方法

群养饲喂模式下猪群有聚集在一起的习性,特别是躺卧时,当使用机器视觉跟踪监测猪只时,图像中存在猪体粘连,导致分割困难,成为实现群猪视觉追踪和监测的瓶颈。根据实例分割原理,把猪群中的猪只看作一个实例,在深度卷积神经网络基础上建立Pig Net网络,对群猪图像尤其是对粘连猪体进行实例分割,实现独立猪体的分辨和定位。Pig Net网络采用44层卷积层作为主干网络,经区域候选网络(Region proposal networks,RPN)提取感兴趣区域(ROI),并和主干网络前向传播的特征图共享给感兴趣区域对齐层(Region of interest align,ROIAlign),分支通过双线性插值计算目标空间,三分支并行输出ROI目标的类别、回归框和掩模。Mask分支采用平均二值交叉熵损失函数计算独立猪体的目标掩模损失。连续28 d采集6头9. 6 kg左右大白仔猪图像,抽取前7 d内各不同时段、不同行为模式群养猪图像2 500幅作为训练集和验证集,训练集和验证集的比例为4∶1。结果表明,Pig Net网络模型在训练集上总分割准确率达86. 15%,在验证集上准确率达85. 40%。本文算法对不同形态、粘连严重的群猪图像能够准确分割出独立的猪个体目标。将本文算法与Mask R-CNN模型及其改进模型进行对比,准确率比Mask RCNN模型高11. 40个百分点,单幅图像处理时间为2. 12 s,比Mask R-CNN模型短30 ms。     

基于NIRS的反刍动物饲料中肉骨粉判别

收集国内常用的、具有代表性的精料补充料和肉骨粉,制备定标集样品235个,外部验证集样品152个.在400～2 498 nm波长范围内进行近红外光谱扫描,选择合适的光谱预处理方法和光谱范围,采用SIMCA方法和DPLS方法分别建立判别分析模型.建立的SIMCA判别分析模型对外部验证集的正确判断率为96.1%,建立的DPLS判别分析模型对外部验证集的正确判断率为100%.与NIRS定量分析精料补充料中MBM的方法相比,定性分析模型能准确判断饲料样品是否掺有MBM.     

基于NIRS的反刍动物饲料中肉骨粉判

收集国内常用的、具有代表性的精料补充料和肉骨粉,制备定标集样品235个,外部验证集样品152个。在400～2498nm波长范围内进行近红外光谱扫描,选择合适的光谱预处理方法和光谱范围,采用SIMCA方法和DPLS方法分别建立判别分析模型。建立的SIMCA判别分析模型对外部验证集的正确判断率为96.1%,建立的DPLS判别分析模型对外部验证集的正确判断率为100%。与NIRS定量分析精料补充料中MBM的方法相比,定性分析模型能准确判断饲料样品是否掺有     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。