不同品种蛋鸡鸡蛋品质的比较分析

针对当前市场对高品质鸡蛋需求增加的现状,本试验比较了在相同饲养管理条件下的几个主要品种蛋鸡的鸡蛋品质,结果表明:不同品种蛋鸡的鸡蛋品质存在许多差异,综合考虑,柴鸡、绿壳蛋鸡在生产优质鸡蛋方面具有一定的遗传优势。     

汶上芦花鸡与海兰褐蛋鸡蛋品质的比较分析

为了进一步揭示地方品种与国外高产蛋鸡品种蛋品质的差异，本文以山东省地方品种汶上芦花鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡为素材，比较分析同一日龄下两个品种蛋品质差异。结果表明：蛋重、蛋白高度、哈氏单位方面，海兰蛋鸡极显著高于汶上芦花鸡（P＜0.01），在蛋壳强度、蛋比重、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色方面汶上芦花鸡极显著高于海兰蛋鸡（P＜0.01），汶上芦花鸡蛋蛋黄比例高于海兰褐蛋鸡的，但没有达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。     

三种仿土鸡蛋的品质比较

本试验对矮小型麻羽蛋鸡、引进粉壳蛋鸡、青脚白羽鸡三个品种在地面平养方式下生产的仿土鸡蛋进行了品质比较,测定并分析了鸡蛋的几项物理性状。结果表明,矮小型蛋鸡所产的鸡蛋有较好的蛋品质。     

不同蛋鸡品种蛋品质分析比较研究

蛋品质遗传改良是未来蛋鸡育种的一个重要方向，也是蛋鸡生产中极为重要的一个指标。蛋品质直接影响商品蛋的营养成份，食用价值，进而影响商品蛋的市场售价，同时对鸡蛋的保存时间，种蛋孵化率，破损率等有一定的影响。因此，提高蛋品质是养鸡生产中一项极为重要的任务。影响蛋品质的因素很多，如品种、饲料营养、产蛋日龄、疾病、保存时间等。探明不同品种间蛋品质的差异对于改良蛋品质，提高产品     

我国蛋鸡产业的发展前景与育种方向

1我国蛋鸡生产面临转型期。1．1蛋鸡由数量型转为质量型。我国鸡蛋市场由20世纪70-80年代末单纯追求数量，到90年代追求质量数量并重，再到21世纪初重点追求质量，精品、极品开始进入市场。因此，优质高产高效，落实到生产、市场消费各个环节，包括蛋鸡饲养方式，开始重视鸡群的福利，鸡蛋品质要求鲜、香、昧美，达到无公害、绿色或有机食品的要求。此外，市场品牌鸡蛋应运而生。特别是高品质的土鸡蛋，即我国140多个地方品种鸡产的蛋，如华北的柴鸡蛋、东南的草鸡蛋、     

蛋鸡无公害生产技术在我区的推广应用

蛋鸡的养殖业在我区发展很快，是我区农民家庭经济收入的主要来源之一。但传统的养殖观念以及在苗禽引进和饲养管理、疫病防治等方面还存在着一些制约发展的因素，尤其是蛋鸡无公害生产技术推广的相对滞后，产品还存在一定的质量问题，如部分违禁药物的使用和药物残留的相对超标，粪便、污水等废物处理不当等，很大程度地影响到鸡蛋的品质。影响到我区鸡蛋的销路，影响到蛋鸡养殖经济效益。为适应市场需求，我区开展了无公害饲养技术的应用和推广，改善鸡蛋的品质，增强市场竞争力。具体从如下几个方面着手。     

鸡蛋蛋清品质营养调控的研究进展

鸡蛋蛋清品质是蛋鸡生产中最为关注的重要性状之一,蛋清品质下降在集约化养殖中、优质饲粮蛋白质原料缺乏情况下和产蛋后期表现得更为严重。如何改善鸡蛋蛋清品质,是蛋鸡产业面临的重要问题。本文在介绍鸡蛋蛋清组成及其影响因素的基础上,主要综述了国内外尤其是本团队近年来在饲粮粗蛋白质水平、饲粮蛋白质原料和抗氧化物质对蛋清品质的影响方面所进行的研究工作,期望为鸡蛋蛋清品质的营养调控提供借鉴。     

蛋鸡及其产品的营养调控研究

鸡蛋是营养全面而又廉价的动物性食品,鸡蛋中富含卵磷脂、必需脂肪酸、蛋白质等各种人体必需营养素和许多功能成分。近年来,随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高,居民的消费习惯越来越趋向于绿色、健康方向,对鸡蛋的品质提出了更高的要求。在保证蛋鸡健康的前提下,富集更多的特定功能性活性成分,并改善鸡蛋的风味,是消费者对鸡蛋品质关注的重点。本文拟对近年来国内外在蛋鸡抗氧化功能、鸡蛋中脂质功能成分以及腥味蛋形成调控方面的研究进展进行简要总结,以飨读者。     

明日的鸡蛋市场——再谈蛋鸡业如何洗牌

今年鸡蛋价格落入谷底，蛋鸡业亏声一片，但同时也亮点突出。今后几年鸡蛋市场走势如何?这是同行十分关注的。我在“蛋鸡业如何冼牌”(见禽业导刊2001年18卷20期)一文中，谈到蛋鸡业将会发生二个转变：一个品种向多个品种转变；一种饲养方式向多种饲养方式转变；无序竞争向有序的比较稳定的竞争合作方式转变，在此，我想就上述观点作进一步的阐述。     

吉林红鸡与进口褐壳蛋鸡的鸡蛋品质比较研究

鸡蛋是人类的高营养食品,又是易腐食品之一。所以,鸡蛋的品质越来越引起消费者的重视。由于蛋的品质在很大程度上受遗传因素的影响,因此它对育种工作关系很大。鸡蛋在商业流通当中的品质,又直接决定其商品价值。然而有关鸡蛋品质评定方面的详细报道甚少。本文对我院试验现有的“吉林红”等褐壳蛋鸡的蛋质进行了评定和研究,以期对鸡蛋品质的某些性状进行早期预测,并为     

高产蛋鸡品系产蛋中后期蛋品质性状遗传规律的研究

为选育改良国产高产蛋鸡产蛋中后期蛋品质,确定合理的饲养周期。本研究选取北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司13世代Y1、K1品系蛋鸡,测定56、66、72、80周龄蛋重、蛋壳颜色、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度和蛋黄颜色,采用DMU软件估计遗传参数。结果表明:随着蛋鸡周龄增大,Y1、K1系蛋重显著提高(P0.05),蛋壳强度、蛋白高度和蛋黄颜色极显著下降(P0.01);Y1系和K1系56~80周龄各性状遗传力在0.03~0.52;品系内同一性状不同周龄之间高度遗传相关(0.57~0.99),同一周龄不同性状之间遗传相关(-0.39~0.43)和表型相关(-0.049~0.122)均较低。本研究表明高产蛋鸡纯系产蛋后期蛋品质随周龄增加有所下降,同一性状不同周龄之间高度相关,可以通过前期的选育提高后期蛋品质。     

七个鸡种蛋品质比较分析

鸡蛋品质是鸡蛋生产者和消费者都非常关注的性状,为分析蛋品质在鸡种内及鸡种间的差异,本试验测定了5个地方鸡种和2个国外蛋鸡品种各30个蛋共12项常规蛋品质指标。分析结果表明:遗传背景对蛋品质影响较大,2个国外鸡种的蛋重、哈氏单位等指标高于地方鸡种,而地方鸡种在蛋形指数、蛋壳质量、蛋黄颜色以及蛋黄比率上占优,国内蛋用鸡种改良可以选择蛋黄性状为重点选育方向。7个鸡种中,海兰白蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋黄重是最大的,但海兰褐蛋鸡却与之完全相反,两者之间差异显著(P<0.05)。从品种内差异角度来看,商业化鸡种蛋品质变异系数小,国内鸡种整齐度有待进一步提高。     

地方品种HR土鸡不同亚型禽白血病病毒的共感染

为研究HR土鸡中存在的不同亚型禽白血病病毒(ALV)共感染的情况,本实验分别采集46只HR土公鸡的泄殖腔棉拭子和455枚鸡蛋卵白样品,采用ELISA试剂盒检测p27抗原;并采用相应的ELISA试剂盒分别检测卵黄中J亚型ALV(ALV-J)和AB亚型ALV(ALV-AB)抗体。结果表明:HR土公鸡泄殖腔棉拭子样品中p27检出阳性率为87%(40/46),卵白检出率为74.7%(340/455);而卵黄中ALV-J和ALV-AB抗体阳性率分别为0(0/30)和80%(24/30)。无菌采集初步筛选p27抗原检测为阳性的5只HR土公鸡的抗凝血接种CEF,采用抗ALV-J和ALV-A的单克隆抗体进行IFA检测,结果显示5份样品中ALV-A和ALV-J的阳性率均为100%(5/5)。同时选取HR土鸡分离株HR332进行PCR扩增鉴定,结果表明分离株HR332存在ALV-J(HR332J)和ALV-A(HR332A)。其中,HR332J与11株ALV-J国内外参考株的同源性为92.4%～97.9%;HR332A与ALV-A参考株RSA-A、MQNCSU的同源性分别为90.1%和89.7%,与国内分离株SDAU09E2的同源性为99.0%。本研究显示,地方品种HR土鸡存在不同亚型ALV共感染,同时ALV-A和ALV-J共感染同一个鸡的现象已经存在。     

Effects of commercial enzyme preparations on egg and eggshell quality in laying hens

1. Four different commercial enzyme products were added to standard commercial layer diets, based on barley, wheat or triticale. 2. Diets were fed to 4 different strains of commercial laying hen: ISA Brown, Hy-Line CB, Tegel SB2 and Tegel HiSex. 3. Diets were given for 5 weeks prior to measurements of egg and eggshell quality. 4. The inclusion of commercial enzyme products in the diets had no effect on egg weight. 5. Positive effects of the enzymes were: improved eggshell breaking strength, shell weight, percentage shell and shell thickness for the barley-based diet and increased eggshell breaking strength for two of the enzymes with the wheat-based diets. 6. Negative effects of the enzyme products were slightly lighter coloured eggshells and reduced albumen quality for the barley-based diet and for two enzymes with the wheat-based diet. 7. The addition of commercial enzyme preparations had no main effect on egg and eggshell quality for the triticale-based diet, except for effects on yolk colour. 8. Yolk colour was lower than control for enzyme 3 in all diets and for enzyme 4 with the barley- and wheat-based diets. 9. Further investigation is required to elucidate the specific enzyme components that influence egg quality.     

Overview of natural and organic egg production: Looking back to the future

The US egg industry has grown dramatically in the past, with a significant component of that growth focusing on alternative production systems such as cage-free or range egg production. Constituents of this growth involving intensive egg production create uncertainty in relation to the future because of concerns about the impact of the cage environment on laying hen well-being. Both the commercial egg production sector and small producers using heritage strains of chickens, in flocks ranging in size from 100 to 3,000 hens, are responding by producing eggs in both cage-free and range settings. However, one of the current issues is that our knowledge base of how these alternative production methods influence egg performance and quality characteristics is limited to research studies that were conducted in the late 1940s and early 1950s. This information was collected with specific breeds, and not with modern lines of poultry that have been selected for very high rates of egg production. Therefore, an examination of alterative laying hen husbandry practices in the context of the current knowledge base would provide beneficial information to identify how these husbandry and feeding practices translate to modern strains of laying hens under cage-free or range production. Research on range or cage-free production done in controlled settings is limited, and additional studies relevant to egg producers wishing to expand cage-free and range egg production are needed.     

大恒优质肉鸡S01、S05、S06、S08四个品系蛋品质的比较研究

种蛋品质是影响种鸡性能的重要因素。本研究对大恒优质肉鸡S01、S05、S06和S08四个品系父母代种蛋的蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、血肉斑率等蛋品质指标进行了研究分析。结果显示：四个品系在蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋白高度和哈氏单位等指标方面有显著差异（P〈0．05）。S08品系蛋重最大,S05、S06居中,S01最小;S08品系蛋形指数最大,S01、S06居中,S05最小;S05、S06品系蛋白高度、哈氏单位显著优于S01,与S08没有显著差异。蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和血肉斑率各品系之间没有差异（P〉0．05）。结果表明大恒优质肉鸡父母代四个品系的蛋品质较好,品系间存在明显差异,可为进一步的品系改良提供很好的素材。     

Egg production forecasting: Determining efficient modeling approaches

Several mathematical or statistical and artificial intelligence models were developed to compare egg production forecasts in commercial layers. Initial data for these models were collected from a comparative layer trial on commercial strains conducted at the Poultry Research Farms, Auburn University. Simulated data were produced to represent new scenarios by using means and SD of egg production of the 22 commercial strains. From the simulated data, random examples were generated for neural network training and testing for the weekly egg production prediction from wk 22 to 36. Three neural network architectures-back-propagation-3, Ward-5, and the general regression neural network-were compared for their efficiency to forecast egg production, along with other traditional models. The general regression neural network gave the best-fitting line, which almost overlapped with the commercial egg production data, with an R(2) of 0.71. The general regression neural network-predicted curve was compared with original egg production data, the average curves of white-shelled and brown-shelled strains, linear regression predictions, and the Gompertz nonlinear model. The general regression neural network was superior in all these comparisons and may be the model of choice if the initial overprediction is managed efficiently. In general, neural network models are efficient, are easy to use, require fewer data, and are practical under farm management conditions to forecast egg production.     

Effects of an S6 strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum challenge before beginning of lay on various egg characteristics in commercial layers

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a reproductive/respiratory disease in poultry implicated in suboptimum egg production and decreased hatchability. Commercial layer hens raised in a controlled environment were inoculated with the S6 strain of MG at 10 wk of age. Egg production and selected egg and egg quality parameters were quantitated over the entire lay cycle for inoculated and control birds. The S6 inoculation had no effect on bird weight, egg production, associated egg quality parameters, or histopathologic lesion scores. This study shows that in the absence of environmental stressors a prelay S6 MG inoculation does not produce detrimental effects on layer hen performance.     

Prevalence of antibodies to Mycoplasma synoviae in laying hens and possible effects on egg shell quality

Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae) can cause respiratory disease, synovitis, or result in a silent infection in chickens and turkeys. The importance of M. synoviae is well established in broilers but only a few studies have been conducted in layers. In the present study, the prevalence of M. synoviae in commercial layer flocks was estimated using ELISA. For this study, 19 commercial layer flocks were selected randomly from New South Wales and Queensland region of Australia from producers who were willing to participate in the survey. Sixty eggs per flocks were randomly collected, out of these 30 eggs were used for ELISA and remaining 30 eggs were used to estimate various egg shell quality parameters. Subsequently, association between the serological status of eggs for M. synoviae and egg shell quality was studied. In the flocks under study, seroprevalence of M. synoviae was found to be high at 69% (95% confidence interval (CI)=41.3-89.0). Statistical analysis showed an association between serological status for M. synoviae and egg quality parameters such as translucency, shell breaking strength, % shell reflectivity and shell deformation. On the other hand, there was no significant association between serological status for M. synoviae and other egg quality parameters such egg weight, egg shell weight, % egg shell or shell thickness.