Ac brador: a new late-maturing cultivar with a high degree of field resistance to late blight

AC Brador is a late maturing yellow-fleshed cultivar. The vine maturity is slightly later than Russet Burbank. The oblong tubers have a specific gravity which is slightly higher than Kennebec. The boil and bake quality of AC Brador is similar to Kennebec. The mean French fry quality of AC Brador is below that of Russet Burbank but still in the acceptable range. This cultivar has extremely high field resistance to late blight resistance to verticillium wilt and early blight, a relatively high resistance to PLRV, and a moderate resistance to PVYand rhizoctonia.     

晋西南山区马铃薯品种比较试验

为了适应晋西南山区马铃薯产业发展中不同区域、不同种植模式对种薯的不同要求,2010年对引进的12个马铃薯品种进行品种比较试验。从各参试品种的生育期、农艺性状、丰产性、抗病性等方面进行分析比较,筛选出了中熟品种中薯9号,早熟品种费乌瑞它、中薯5号3个优良品种在该区域推广。     

Maturity-Adjusted Resistance of Potato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum tuberosum</Emphasis> L.) Cultivars to Verticillium Wilt Caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verticillium dahliae</Emphasis>

Verticillium wilt is a fungal disease of potato caused by two species of Verticillium, V. dahliae and V. albo atrum. The pathogen infects the vascular tissue of potato plants through roots, interfering with the transport of water and nutrition, and reducing both the yield and quality of tubers. We have evaluated the reaction of 283 potato clones (274 cultivars and nine breeding selections) to inoculation with V. dahliae under greenhouse conditions. A significant linear correlation (r = 0.4, p < 0.0001) was detected between plant maturity and partial resistance to the pathogen, with late maturing clones being generally more resistant. Maturity-adjusted resistance, that takes into consideration both plant maturity and resistance, was calculated from residuals of the linear regression between the two traits. Even after adjusting for maturity, the difference in the resistance of clones was still highly significant, indicating that a substantial part of resistance cannot be explained by the effect of maturity. The highest maturity-adjusted resistance was found in the cv. Navajo, while the most susceptible clone was the cv. Pungo. We hope that the present abundance of data about the resistance and maturity of 283 clones will help potato breeders to develop cultivars with improved resistance to V. dahliae.     

华薯和鄂薯系列马铃薯品种晚疫病抗病基因及水平抗性相关基因SNP位点检测

鄂薯和华薯系列马铃薯品种是由湖北恩施中国南方马铃薯研究中心和华中农业大学马铃薯团队选育而成的品种.鄂薯系列马铃薯品种大多为中晚熟品种,适合西南山区种植;华薯系列马铃薯品种多为早熟品种,适于华中低山丘陵和平原地区种植.研究对2个系列品种部分晚疫病抗病基因进行了分子标记检测,同时对几个水平抗性相关基因SNP位点进行了检测....     

黑龙江省水稻新品系品质状况研究

选用16个目前黑龙江省较有希望推广的新品系,种植于省内4个积温带中的典型生态环境地点,初步分析了每个品系的品质表现。主要结果如下:供试材料品质性状除垩白大小外,国优一级达标率为25%以上,而国优二级达标率均在87.5%以上;比较而言,垩白度的降低应是重要育种目标之一;早晚熟品种在综合性状表现上各有优势,早熟品种的整精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量占优势;而晚熟品种在胶稠度、食味上占优势。     

Late blight resistance in the British Neo-Tuberosum potato population

Summary Development of the British Neo-Tuberosum population included selection for resistance to late blight. High levels of foliage resistance are most often found in later-maturing clones but some early-maturing clones have good resistance. Resistance of foliage to Race 4 and to a complex race is associated. Some clones give variable results in tests for resistance in tubers. While those consistently displaying resistance are most frequent among those with resistant foliage, some have rather susceptible foliage. Tuber resistance appears most common among early maturing clones but this could be misleading, perhaps being due to tubers of later-maturing clones tending to be immature when tested (resistance often increasing as tubers mature). However some ‘lates’ are resistant, suggesting that genes for resistance in immature tubers occur. Selections are being used experimentally as parents in breeding for blight-resistant cultivars, and controlled breeding within Neo-Tuberosum to produce superior parents has commenced.     

国内外亚麻种质资源的综合评价

对“八五”“九五”期间收集的464份国内外亚麻种质资源进行农艺性状、产量性状、抗逆性鉴定及综合评价。筛选出早熟资源261份、原茎产量高资源314份、纤维产量高资源268份、种子产量高资源137份、抗逆性强资源60份，可作为育种的基础材料和种质创新等利用。     

Evaluation of potato varieties and selections for resistance to bacterial soft rot

Potato varieties and selections were evaluated for resistance to bacterial soft rot caused byErwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica in mist chamber. A randomized complete block design with a single treatment and 3 replications was used in this study. Potato lines were inoculated with bacterial suspension (10 tubers / line) using the puncture inoculation method and incubated for 4 days in a mist chamber at 21 C and 100 % relative humidity in the dark. Although there were differences in incidence of soft rot and in amount of weight reduction, most of the potato lines were susceptible to tuber soft rot. Mean incidence (%) of soft rot ranged from 10 to 100%. Mean reduction of tuber weight (%) ranged from 0.13 to 16.43 %. Among the varieties and selections tested, AF 522-5 was the most resistant to tuber weight loss, while AF 1424-7 was most susceptible. There were also significant differences between years, and a variety by year interaction. Testing over a period of years is recommended. A significant correlation coefficient of soft rot incidence (%) and reduction of tuber weight (%) was obtained (r=0.65; P=0.05), indicating that incidence was a fair measure of soft rot potential. However, the greater variability in results for incidence make weight loss a better measure of soft rot reaction. There was a significant difference among varieties in the reduction of tuber weight when potato lines were inoculated either 1 month or 2 months after harvest, but the interaction of time by year prohibits a conclusion as to which time gives a better test reaction. Late maturing varieties had slightly less weight loss than earlier maturing varieties.     

Relationship of foliar ozone injury to maturity classification and yield of potatoes

Fifty-nine potato cultivars and selections were planted in replicated plots at two Ohio locations each in 1975 and 1976. Evaluations of ozone “speckle leaf” injury were made during August and yields were recorded in October. A broad range in resistance to ozone injury was noted at both locations with later-maturing entries generally being more resistant. Entries severely injured by ozone had a reduced yield. The relative resistance of most entries was constant in all tests.     

脱毒马铃薯生育规律的研究

本文通过对脱毒马铃薯生育规律的研究,指出:一、早熟种脱毒与否,其物候期差异不明显;中熟种脱毒薯的出苗、现蕾、开花及成熟期均晚于未脱毒薯。二、早熟种脱毒与否,株高差异不大;中熟种脱毒薯植株高于未脱毒薯。早、中熟脱毒薯茎叶鲜重及块茎鲜重均显著增加。三、早熟种脱毒薯,后期生长显著旺于未脱毒薯。中熟种脱毒薯茎叶生长高峰晚于未脱毒薯,其生长显著优于未脱薯毒。四、早熟种脱毒薯的平衡期早于未脱毒薯。因此,可以早期供应市场;中熟种脱毒薯平衡期延长,适当晚收,可以高产增收。     

马铃薯同大豆间作防控大豆蚜的两种人工调控措施

在马铃薯同大豆间作中,采用喷洒蜂蜜水和早熟马铃薯刈秧的方法对马铃薯田内的天敌昆虫向大豆田内诱集和助迁,使得大豆田内天敌数量增加,从而使大豆蚜的防控更加有效。试验结果表明,喷洒蜂蜜水使得处理区内天敌总量增长率高于对照区,持续时间达7 d;早熟马铃薯刈秧使处理区内天敌数量增加,同时大豆蚜数量明显降低,该方法同马铃薯收获时间相吻合,具有良好的防控效果和较长的持效时间,因此在应用于促进马铃薯田中天敌向大豆田内转移具有一定的意义。     

优良早熟玉米自交系KL3及其衍生系利用

自交系KL3是以441×1034为基础材料经多代自交选育而成的优良自交系,是黑龙江省早熟玉米育种的重要自交系,因其抗病性好、抗逆性强、配合力高、农艺性状好、熟期适中而被广泛应用。自交系KL3直接利用选育8个玉米品种,间接利用选育13个玉米品种,社会效益显著。     

基于SRAP分子标记的特早熟荔枝种质资源遗传多样性分析

以22份特早熟、6份早熟及2份中熟荔枝种质资源为材料,利用SRAP分子标记进行遗传多样性分析,探索特早熟荔枝种质资源的亲缘关系。结果表明：对182对SRAP引物组合进行筛选,获得16对多态性高、条带清晰的SRAP引物组合,共计产生扩增条带182条,其中多态性条带140条,占76.9%。材料间遗传相似系数为0.47~0.99,根据UPGMA聚类分析,在遗传相似系数0.73处可将30份荔枝样本分成4类,其中第Ⅰ类20份,占66.7%,包括绝大多数特早熟荔枝资源;第Ⅱ类4份,占13.3%,包括‘妃子笑’与部分杂交早熟资源;第Ⅲ类和第Ⅳ类各3份,分别占10%。以上研究结果为特早熟荔枝种质资源发掘、评价及新品种培育提供理论参考。     

Pomerelle Russet: an Early Maturing Potato Variety with High Yields of U.S. No. 1 Tubers Suitable for Fresh Market and mid-Storage Processing and Tolerance to Potato Mop-top Virus

Pomerelle Russet is an early maturing fresh potato variety, which produces moderately high early-season (95–110 days after planting) yields of long tubers with brown-russet skin. It is notable for its very attractive, smooth tubers and resistances to internal and external defects with a high percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Fresh merit ratings for Pomerelle Russet in trials conducted in Idaho, Oregon and Washington were consistently higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Early harvest yields for Pomerelle Russet are generally comparable to Russet Norkotah with a higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Compared to Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, Pomerelle Russet has greater resistance to Potato mop-top virus, soft rot, corky ringspot and tuber infections from late blight. It also has higher protein and vitamin C concentrations than Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, indicating that it can provide an enhanced level of dietary protein and vitamin C relative to these standard potato varieties. Pomerelle Russet has moderate specific gravity and good resistance to sugar ends. It also has moderately long dormancy, about 30 days shorter than Russet Burbank. Average post-harvest processing ratings for Pomerelle Russet were similar to Ranger Russet and greater than Russet Burbank. Pomerelle Russet also has maintained acceptable fry color for about 180–200 days in storage at 8.9 °C, indicating potential for processing out of mid-term storage, with improved fry color uniformity relative to industry standards. However, its primary use appears to be as a high quality, early fresh variety.     

黄麻种质资源的鉴定与利用分析

我国保存的黄麻种质资源共10个种。对栽培种种质资源的鉴定表明:根据植株所含色素及形态差异归为40个形态类型;按全生育期长短划分成特早熟、早熟、中熟、晚熟和极晚熟五种生育类型。经过对经济性状、纤维产量、纤维品质、抗病性等主要性状的鉴定、分析和归纳,评选出丰产种质35份。纤维质优种质14份,圆果种对炭疽病具明显抗性种质26份,长果种抗黑点炭疽病种质3份。文中还对各类资源的价值及利用途径进行了分析。     

花生的抗锈性成分研究

本项研究用温室整株接种和实验室离体生根叶片接种的方法对一些新鉴定出的花生抗锈种质材料的8个抗锈性成分进行观察。结果表明这些花生种质材料在抗锈性成分上存在较大的变异。多数抗性成分在高抗材料或低抗(感病)材料之间是整齐一致的,而且与田间锈病级数高度吻合,但抗性成分在中抗材料之间有较大的变异。本文对栽培花生与种间杂种衍生材料在抗锈性成分上的差异也作了分析。所有抗性成分的广义遗传力均较高,具有遗传改良的潜力。     

广西马铃薯新品种(系)比较试验

为选育出适宜广西地区生产种植的早熟、高产、优质的马铃薯新品种,以‘东农303’为对照,对17个马铃薯新品种(系)进行了生物学特性、适应性、抗病性、丰产性、商品性等综合农艺性状的品比试验。结果表明,‘GNS1’、‘B219’和‘GNS2’早熟、产量高,商品率高,抗病性强,各个调查指标都比对照好,可在广西进行下一步的生产试验和示范。     

Agronomic performance of potato germplasm selected for high resistance to verticillium wilt

A three-year study was conducted from 1991 through 1993 to evaluate the field performance of potato clones that had been selected for resistance to wilt symptom development and stem colonization byVerticillium dahliae. The total yield, size distribution, and specific-gravity of these highly resistant clones were compared with standard cultivars and two parent clones with high Verticillium resistance and high yield, A66107-51 and A68113-4. Two groups of Verticillium resistant germplasm were selected in 1991. One group was the highly resistant progeny from a cross between A66107-51 and A68113-4. The second group consisted of hybrids between wild species accessions with high Verticillium resistance and cultivated diploid and tetraploid germplasm. Twenty-one out of 125 progeny clones from the A66107-51 × A68113-4 cross were highly resistant to Verticillium infection and were tested in yield trials for two years. Another eight selections had high Verticillium resistance but such low yield of seed tubers that they were tested only one year for yield. Eleven of the original 29 highly resistant selections were significantly lower in total yield than Russet Burbank. Only one clone was significantly higher in yield than RB, and none outyielded either of the resistant parents. Reddale and Century Russet had moderate to high Verticillium resistance, respectively. Both outyielded Russet Burbank and were comparable with the high yielding resistant parents. Of 15 interspecific hybrids tested in 1991, only four had sufficient yield to produce seed for yield trials and good wilt resistance after three successive seasons of evaluation. We concluded from this study that selecting at early stages of variety development strictly for Verticillium resistance is likely to be inefficient. Rather, selection should be for yield and other agronomic criteria in Verticillium infested fields.     

Sangre selection studies: I. Selection and comparative trials

Seventeen clonal selections of Sangre were made from a tuber-unit seed lot planted at the San Luis Valley Research Center in 1982. Seven selections had typical vine size and 10 had larger vine size than the standard cultivar. Progeny of each selection were increased and observed in 1983. During the three-year interval from 1984–1986 comparative performance trials were conducted. All clones selected for larger vines were significantly taller and later maturing than the standard. Clones 10 and 11 also had significantly greater total yields and clones 10, 11, and 14 had significantly greater U.S. No. 1 yields. Tuber shape of these clones was comparable to the standard. Results indicate that improvement may be made in the Sangre cultivar through clonal selection.     

大豆早熟品种生长发育特点和产量形成规律的探讨——Ⅱ.大豆早熟品种产量形成的几项规律

根据3个大豆品种6个播期的多次取样资料,以Logistic方程分析了单株生物产量的积累,以对称“S”形曲线分析了单株荚重和单荚重的积累进程。大豆早熟品种单株生物产量积累,在出苗后50天左右达到最大值,始花至鼓粒盛期最快。早熟品种单株荚重的有效积累时间比晚熟品种短约10天,但单个荚重的平均增长速率比晚熟品种快约10mg/荚·日。