支原体和肺支原体双通道荧光定量PCR法检测鼠支原体感染试验

采用TaqMan探针法支原体通用型和肺支原体特异型双通道荧光定量PCR法,对清洁级SD大鼠150只I、CR小鼠120只,C57小鼠100只,普通级SD大鼠104只I、CR小鼠97只,C57小鼠76只,检测支原体和肺支原体感染情况。清洁级SD大鼠中检测到1只支原体阳性;清洁级ICR小鼠和C57小鼠中支原体和肺支原体未见阳性;普通级SD大鼠中检测到2只支原体阳性,1只肺支原体阳性;普通级ICR小鼠中检测到1只支原体阳性,2只肺支原体阳性;普通级C57小鼠检测到1只支原体阳性。表明清洁级实验动物大鼠中仍然存在支原体感染;普通级实验动物大鼠和小鼠支原体感染明显高于清洁级动物。     

Growth and interaction of Mycoplasma bovirhinis and Mycoplasma dispar in vitro

Two mycoplasmas were grown in pure and mixed cultures in glucose calf-serum broth with initial pH 7.8. Sensitivity to pH was also tested. The main data for Mycoplasma bovirhinis and Mycoplasma dispar, respectively, in pure cultures were as follows: lag phase, days: <1, 1–2; log phase: 1–2, 1–4; relatively stationary phase: 0–1, 2–4; decline phase (to the extent roughly logarithmic): 2–6, 5–10; maximal titers: 5 × 10⁷ to 10⁹, 5 × 10⁶ to 10⁸ color changing units per 0.2 ml; highest pH, approximately, at which decline started: 7.7 and 7.0; definitely toxic initial pH: 5.6, 6.8; relative production of acidity; less, more. Decline either shortly ended in loss of viability or, correlated with higher pH levels, led to a prolonged maintenance in lower numbers. The decline of M. bovirhinis was postulated to be essentially caused by an autotoxic product/products other than H⁺.

In mixed cultures an antagonistic effect due to the faster growing M. bovirhinis against M. dispar was recorded. The effect varied according to the initial numbers of organisms and their ratio. Two mechanisms seemed to be active: 1. decrease of pH somewhat below neutrality led to the death of the sensitive M. dispar; 2. M. dispar, when present in relatively high initial numbers, was inhibited by M. bovirhinis during the latter's logarithmic growth at pH-levels above 7.0, the inhibition ending shortly afterwards. A rapidly inactivated product/products of M. bovirhinis metabolism, inhibitory to M. dispar was posited. The results offer an improved insight into diagnostic practices for M. dispar.     

绵羊肺炎支原体标准株Y98与丝状支原体丝标准株PG3、绵羊肺炎支原体分离株HD-1、标准株FH抗原的差异性研究

试验采用SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹分析技术研究了绵羊肺炎支原体标准株Y98与绵羊肺炎支原体分离株HD-1、丝状支原体丝状亚种PG3以及肺炎支原体标准株FH间细胞膜蛋白免疫原性的异同。结果表明：绵羊肺炎支原体标准株Y98同绵羊肺炎支原体分离株HD-1间细胞膜蛋白免疫印迹结果基本一致,而绵羊肺炎支原体标准株Y98与丝状支原体丝状亚种PG3和肺炎支原体标准株FH抗原差异较大,缺乏共同抗原成分。     

Species-specific polymerase chain reactions for the detection of Mycoplasma buteonis, Mycoplasma falconis, Mycoplasma gypis, and Mycoplasma corogypsi in captive birds of prey

Mycoplasmas are pathogens of different avian species, but the role of Mycoplasma in raptors is not yet completely determined. As Mycoplasma isolation and identification present several difficulties, species-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for the detection of mycoplasmas found in birds of prey (Mycoplasma buteonis, Mycoplasma corogypsi, Mycoplasma falconis, and Mycoplasma gypis) were established. The specificity of the PCR methods were investigated using known avian Mycoplasma reference strains and isolates as well as related bacteria and was found to be specific. Amplificons obtained with these PCRs from field samples showed no false-positive results in restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing. The sensitivities of the different PCR assays varied between 50 fg and 1 pg DNA. Twenty-five tracheal swabs from healthy captive birds of prey were investigated by culture and immunobinding assay as comparison to the PCRs. Mycoplasmal DNA was detected in 88% of the samples, with negative results only from vultures. Mycoplasma falconis and M. buteonis were regularly found in falcons, and M. gypis was found in a common buzzard. Mycoplasma corogypsi was not demonstrated. Several isolates could not be differentiated using an immunobinding assay as well as the described PCR methods.     

Biochemical Characterization of Mycoplasma bovirhinis,Mycoplasma dispar and Recent Bovine Isolates of Mycoplasma canis

The pattern and kinetics of substrate utilization by the type strains of Mycoplasma canis, M. bovirhinis and M. dispar and ten recent M. canis isolates from cattle were determined. Metabolism of a range of sugars and organic acids by M. dispar was detectable by measurement of oxygen uptake. Organic acids were not utilized by M. bovirhinis or M. canis, and there was no oxygen uptake during metabolism of glucose or other sugars, as monitored by a pH-change method. The M. canis strains varied in their ability to metabolize sugars; seven of the isolates from cattle had the distinctive ability to metabolize sucrose, and one isolate, plus the type strain (from a dog), metabolized N-acetylglucosamine. The M. bovirhinis strain metabolized maltose. However, all the test strains oxidized glycerol at high rates and with a high affinity. Oxidation of glycerol has been reported for other mycoplasmas from the bovine respiratory tract and leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide, a potential virulence factor.     

北京市鸡毒支原体和滑液囊支原体血清学调查

为了解北京市鸡毒支原体(Mycoplasma galliscepticum,MG)和滑液囊支原体(Mycoplasma synoviae,MS)感染情况,2019年从北京市10个区127个养鸡场(户),采集3 910份鸡血清样品,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行MG和MS感染抗体检测。结果显示:北京市10个区均有不同程度的MG和MS感染,场群阳性率分别介于78.95%～100%、68.42%～100%,样品阳性率分别介于59.35%～93.13%、50.0%～94.53%,平均场群阳性率分别为89.0%和86.6%,平均样品阳性率分别为79.0%和75.6%;第三季度的场群阳性率和第二季度的样品阳性率最高,第四季度场群阳性率和样品阳性率最低(P0.01);110～180日龄的MG样品阳性率、251～320日龄的MS样品阳性率最高,462日龄以上均最低(P0.01);规模化商品鸡场的MG和MS场群阳性率和样品阳性率均最高(P0.01);蛋鸡的MG和MS样品阳性率均高于肉鸡(P0.01)。结果表明,北京市MG和MS感染较为严重,第二、三季度高发,110～320日龄鸡群、规模化商品鸡场和蛋鸡群感染尤其严重。结果提示,应采取包括加强生物安全管理、种鸡净化、疫苗预防和药物治疗在内的综合管理措施,有效控制该地区MG、MS的流行。     

Chemotaxis in Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Boyden-type chemotactic chambers were used to demonstrate that Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was capable of migrating into chemotactic membranes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm that MG could penetrate the membranes. To further demonstrate the invasive ability of MG, MG was deposited on the shell membranes of 9-day-old chicken embryos, and after 6 days of incubation, the presence of MG DNA in the allantoic fluids was detected by polymerase chain reactions. These results indicate that MG can penetrate cellular membrane, possibly by going through the porous cellular surface.     

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae Infection in Cases of Fibrinous Pericarditis in Slaughter Pigs

Pericarditis, acute or subacute, is found at post mortem meat inspection of baconers in about 0.02 to 0.04% of slaughtered pigs in Denmark. The pathological findings are usually restricted to the pericardial sac. The pericardial sac is filled with a fibrinous exudate, which may be blood stained. In some cases massive granulation tissue formation is seen underlying the fibrinous exudate. Other constantly occurring, but less aggravating lesions, are chronic catarrhal bronchopneumonia and increased volume of serosanguinous synovial fluid in the large joints of the limbs. Lesions usually seen as sequelae to septicaemia have not been observed. The lesions seem to be part of a pathological entity which may be involved in the pathogenesis of fibrinous pericarditis in baconers.     

Morphological and ultrastructural studies of Mycoplasma flocculare and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in vitro.

Cells of Mycoplasma flocculare were found to vary in size and shape, especially in the later phases of growth, whereas those of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were fairly uniform irrespective of growth phases. Filamentous cells were present in cultures of M flocculare in the stationary and declining phases, but were never found in cultures of M hyopneumoniae. The filamentous and bizarre forms observed when mycoplasmas were suspended in phosphotungstic acid probably result from the action of the hypotonic solution. The surface of all cells was covered by a fuzzy coat consisting of fine hairs or bristles. An electron-lucent region was usually seen in cells negatively stained after centrifugation, but was only occasionally seen in cells negatively stained directly from the medium. Intracytoplasmic membranes were present in sectioned cells. No attachment organelle was found in cells of either species.     

18种抗菌药物对绵羊肺炎支原体和丝状支原体分离株的抗菌活性

应用微量法测定了18种常用抗菌药物对绵羊肺炎支原体分离株HD1-goat和丝状支原体分离株XT1-goat的抗菌活性.结果表明,喹诺酮类药物及盐酸多西环素、酒石酸泰乐菌素对两个分离株均有很高的抗菌活性;硫氰酸红霉素对分离株HD1-goat无抑制生长作用,但对分离株XT1-goat有很高的抑制和杀灭活性;氨基糖苷类药物和...     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of Mycoplasma gallinarum and Mycoplasma gallinaceum in naturally infected hen oviducts

Using indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP), peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) and avidin biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunohistochemical methods, Mycoplasma gallinarum and M gallinaceum antigens were demonstrated in ethanol-fixed paraffin-embedded oviduct sections from hens the eggs from which showed suboptimal hatchability. Specific immunoperoxidase staining was detected at the mucosa in the magnum portion of the oviduct. Optimal staining was achieved by applying the ABC method, though both IIP and PAP methods can also be used for diagnosis. Isolation and identification techniques gave similar results for the species of avian mycoplasmas involved.     

Comparative study of Mycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections in turkey sinus.

Infraorbital sinuses of young turkeys were injected with virulent strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma gallisepticum to compare the diseases caused by the 2 agents. Mycoplasma pulmonis did not cause visible swelling from large quantities of mucous exudate in the sinuses, such as occurs with M gallisepticum, and it could not be recovered by bacteriologic culture technique after 3 weeks. However, slight exudate did accompany the M pulmonis infection. Similarities between the disease caused by M pulmonis and that caused by M gallisepticum included lymphocytic infiltration in the submucosa, swollen epithelial cells, and loss of cilia from sinus epithelial cell surfaces. This strain of M pulmonis, which is pathogenic for rats, was only mildly pathogenic for turkeys and the infection did not persist for long.     

监测支原体

肥育期后期的健康问题可以反映出母猪场内青年母猪的健康状况,肥育猪后期控制支原体非常重要。     

The prevalence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma arginini in the respiratory tract of sheep

Abstract

Extract

In an initial study of mycoplasmas of the respiratory tract of New Zealand sheep a number of strains of mycoplasma were recovered and identified as either M. ovipneumoniae or M. arginini (Clarke et al., 1974 Clarke, J. K., Brown, V. G. and Alley, M. R. 1974. Isolation and identification of mycoplasmas from the respiratory tract of sheep in New Zealand. N.Z. vet. J., 22: 117–121. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). Investigations in Australia have produced evidence that M. ovipneumoniae is associated with a proliferative interstitial pneumonia in Queensland sheep (Sullivan et al., 1973 Sullivan, N. D., St. George, T. D. and Horsfall, N. 1973. A proliferative interstitial pneumonia of sheep associated with mycoplasma infection. I. Natural history of the disease in a flock. Aust. vet. J., 49: 57–62.  [Google Scholar]) and for this reason the present survey was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of mycoplasmas in the respiratory tract of sheepin New Zealand.