Responses of immune and nonimmune adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to adenovirus SV-20.

Adenovirus SV-20 (ASV-20) was inoculated subcutaneously into adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and various immunologic parameters were studied. Similar changes were observed in macaques that had anti-ASV-20 serum-neutralizing antibodies prior to inoculation and in those lacking detectable antibodies. There were absolute decreases in numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), erythrocyte-rosetting lymphocytes, complement-receptor lymphocytes, and Fc-receptor lymphocytes. These changes were most significant (P less than 0.05) on postinoculation days (PID) 3 and 7. Mitogenic responsiveness to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen in cultured PBL from immune and nonimmune macaques was depressed on PID 3, 7, and 14. Ultraviolet-inactivated ASV-20 caused moderate suppression of phytohemagglutinin-induced mitogenesis when viral particles and lectin were added simultaneously to PBL cultures. Plasma cortisol (hydrocortisone) values were not significantly altered following inoculation of ASV-20. High titers of anti-ASV-20 antibody developed by PID 7 in nonimmune macaques, and previously immune macaques showed a booster effect in the same time period. Antibody titers were still increased 120 days after inoculation. There was no clinical evidence of an adverse effect of ASV-20 infection in these macaques.     

Experimental adenovirus infection of lambs

An untyped adenovirus, designated WV419/75, which was isolated from an apparently healthy lamb, was inoculated into lambs by the combined intranasal and intratracheal routes. A mild respiratory illness was produced. At post-morten examination, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post inoculation (p.i.) irregular areas of atelectasis were observed and consolidation was present in the worst affected lungs at 7 days p.i. Histologically the principal lesion was a proliferative bronchiolitis which extended to bronchopneumonia at 7 days p.i. The most striking feature of the bronchiolitis was prominent cytomegaly and karyomegaly of epithelial cells, some of whose nuclei contained large basophilic inclusion bodies consisting of crystalline arrays of virus particles.Virus was isolated primarily from the upper and lower respiratory tract but was also found in spleen, mesenteric lymph node, small intestine, kidney and brain at 4 to 7 days p.i. However, viral lesions were confined to the respiratory tract.Attempts to exacerbate the disease by the administration of dexamethasone or Pasteurella haemolytica were unsuccessful.     

Clinical and immunologic responses of calves with colostrally acquired maternal antibody against parainfluenza-3 virus to homologous viral infection.

Exposure of colostrum-deprived calves and calves with colostrally acquired maternal antibody to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus resulted in signs of infection, leukopenia, and shedding of virus from the nasal passages. However, infection was not as severe in calves with colostrally acquired maternal antibody as it was in colostrum-deprived calves which did not have antibody to PI-3 virus before they were exposed. All calves responded immunologically to PI-3 virus, as indicated by resistance to challenge exposure and subsequent development of virus-neutralizing antibody. However, levels of serum and nasal secretion (NS) antibody at 30 days after viral exposure were lower in calves with colostrally acquired maternal antibody than in colostrum-deprived calves, and a serum antibody response in the former was primarily indicated by an anamnestic response after challenge exposure. After calves were challenge exposed to PI-3 virus, serum and NS antibodies were increased in all calves, but antibody titers were generally lower for calves that had colostrally acquired maternal antibody before their exposure than for those that acquired antibody only after PI-3 viral infection.     

禽腺病毒4型感染病理组织学观察

将30只1日龄SPF鸡随机分为2组,其中攻毒组20只,对照组10只。攻毒组按每只0.2mL腹腔注射禽腺病毒4型(FAV-4)病毒液,对照组不做处理,隔离饲养,临床观察2周。攻毒后第3天攻毒组开始出现死亡,将死亡鸡解剖观察各器官大体病变,经聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测为FAV-4后,采集心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏制作石蜡切片,观察病理组织学变化。结果显示,攻毒组死亡鸡只无明显临床症状而突然倒地死亡;主要剖检病变为心包积液、肝脏肿大,个别可出现脾脏肿大、肺脏淤血、肾脏肿大;病理组织学变化为肝脏、肺脏、肾脏淤血,细胞变性坏死;而对照组无任何异常症状和病理组织学变化。     

Neurological manifestations of canine distemper virus infection

Canine distemper virus causes a multi systemic disease in dogs often with severe neurological signs. These signs are the result of viral replication in neurons and glial cells leading to grey matter lesions and demyelination. Inflammation leads to further destruction of the tissue. As extraneural signs are often lacking and only one localisation may be found on neurological examination, distemper may be difficult to diagnose. Myoclonus is almost pathognomonic for this disease but occurs in less than half of the cases. The inflammation of the central nervous system that occurs during the chronic stage of the disease can be detected on examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, in particular by determination of the IgG index. Viral antigen can be demonstrated in cerebrospinal fluid cells by fluorescent antibody techniques. The prognosis of nervous distemper is generally poor although dogs can recover from this disease. Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic. The importance of regular vaccination is stressed.     

Fetal and maternal lesions in pregnant ewes ingesting locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus).

Locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) was fed to ewes from 70 to 100 days of pregnancy. Ewes were killed at 100, 115, 130, and 145 days, and selected tissues were collected from both the dam and the fetus for histologic examination. Neurovisceral cytoplasmic vacuolation and neuroaxonal dystrophy decreased in dam and fetus with time after the feeding of locoweed was discontinued.     

大熊猫血清犬腺病毒抗体调查

腺病毒 (Adenovirus,AV)可感染人和多种动物 ,在国内外有很多报道。已报道的动物感染宿主主要有牛、羊、犬、禽类以及狐狸、狼、貉、丛林狼、臭鼬、浣熊、水貂、雪貂、熊等野生动物 ,1996年 Woods等又发现腺病毒能引起鹿的出血性病变 [1] ,而且还怀疑与鹿表现为同样病变的叉角羚可能也是由于腺病毒感染引起的。犬腺病毒 (Canine adenovirus,CAV)属于腺病毒科哺乳动物腺病毒属成员 ,是在已发现的哺乳动物腺病毒属中致病性最强、感染动物最广的病毒 [2 ,3 ]。CAV分为犬腺病毒 型 (CAV- 1)和犬腺病毒 型(CAV- 2 ) ,其中 CAV- 1又名 :犬传染性肝炎病毒 ,罗巴斯病病毒 (Rubarth disease virus) ,狐狸脑炎病毒 ;CAV- 2又名犬喉气管炎病毒 ,幼犬咳嗽病毒 [2 ] 。CAV- 1是早在 192 5年由 Green等首次发现可导致狐狸脑炎 ,后来经 Rubarth的动物试验证明能引起犬的传染性肝炎的病原 [3 ,15] 。自那以后 ,有关该病毒引起犬和狐等动物的发病病例举不胜数 ,目前世界上大部分国家和地区都有该病的报道 ,198...     

Typical and atypical manifestations of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs

Eighteen clinically ill dogs, naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, were examined at a veterinary practice in Baxter, Minnesota. A clinical examination, complete blood cell count, enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for A phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia canis antibodies and Dirofilaria immitis antigen, and a polymerase chain reaction test for A phagocytophilum DNA were obtained for all dogs. Physical examination findings included fever, arthropathy, lymphadenopathy, epistaxis, acute gastritis, cervical hyperpathia, and central nervous system dysfunction. Complete blood cell count abnormalities included thrombocytopenia, morulae in neutrophils, anemia, leukopenia, eosinopenia, lymphopenia, and monocytosis. Seroreactivity to A phagocytophilum was found in 61%, B burgdorferi antibodies in 17%, and D immitis antigen in 5% of the dogs. Fever, arthropathy, neurologic dysfunction, and epistaxis are clinical syndromes that can be associated with A phagocytophilum infection. Treatment with doxycycline resulted in rapid resolution of clinical signs in all dogs.     

Effect of adenovirus infection on adiposity in chicken.

Excessive fat accumulation has been observed in the field in chickens infected with adenovirus. In the present study this has been verified under experimental conditions. Chickens inoculated with adenovirus showed lesser weight gain but excessive adiposity compared to normal control chickens. These changes could not be explained by variation in food consumption. Chickens acquiring adenovirus naturally from the inoculated group showed similar adiposity. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of inoculated and naturally infected chickens were significantly lower compared to those of the control group. Such an association between adenovirus infection and adiposity has been shown, probably, for the first time, which might help in further understanding of the complex problem of obesity.     

Histopathological pattern of adenovirus infection in the calf]

Pneumo-enteritis is the clinical manifestation of adenovirus infection in calf. Proliferative alveolitis, endobronchitis, and peribronchitis with intranuclear inclusions in the epithelial cells, histiocytes, and macrophages were histologically recorded. Proliferative changes with minor pleomorphism of cells were recorded from lymph nodes and lymph follicles of spleen and intestines. The epithelial cells of the renal tubules and liver exhibited degenerative changes, while the endothelium of the capillaries was activated. Five Serotype-1 adenoviruses were isolated from the lung, liver, and kidneys of the foetuses. IE were recordable from the epithelial cells of kidneys and lung. Other calves were examined following natural infection with adenovirus and virus of the mucosa disease. Dystrophic and necrotic changes were recorded from their digestive organs, lymphocytolysis from spleen and lymph nodes (a characteristic change related to mucosa disease), and nephrosis with adenovirus inclusions from the epithelial cells of the renal tubules.