低聚糖对蛋雏鸡生长性能及粪臭的影响

选择新出壳罗曼蛋鸡424羽，研究了日粮中分别添加0％、0.15%、0.25%、0.35%的低聚糖对蛋雏鸡生长性能及粪臭的影响。试验结果表明：0－6周龄日粮添加0.15-0.35%的低聚糖，可使蛋雏鸡的ADG、F／G显著高于对照组（P＜0.05)；添加低聚糖0.15%，氮的排泄率低于对照组（P＜0.05)，粪便H2S释放量极显著低于对照组（P＜0.01)；日粮添加0.15%－0.35%低聚糖，粪便氨释放量显著低于对照组（P＜0.05)。0－6周龄蛋雏鸡日粮中低聚糖适宜添加量为：0.15%-0.23%。     

低聚糖对蛋雏鸡生长性能及粪臭的影响

选择新出壳新罗曼蛋鸡 42 4羽 ,研究了日粮中添加不同水平的低聚糖对蛋雏鸡生长性能及粪臭的影响。日粮中添加的低聚糖水平分别为0 %、 0 1 5 %、 0 2 5 %、 0 35 %。试验期为 6周。试验结果表明 :0～ 6周龄日粮添加 0 1 5 %～ 0 35 %的低聚糖 ,可使蛋雏鸡的ADG、F/G显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5) ,添加低聚糖 0 1 5 %,氮的排泄率低于对照组 (P <0 0 5) ,粪便H2 S的产生量极显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 1 ) ,日粮添加 0 1 5 %～ 0 35 %低聚糖 ,粪便氨的产生量显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5)。 0～ 6周龄蛋雏鸡日粮中低聚糖适宜添加量为 0 1 5 %～ 0 2 3%     

低聚糖对蛋雏鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育及粪臭的影响

选择出壳新罗曼蛋鸡424羽，研究日粮中添加不同水平的低聚糖对蛋雏鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育及粪臭的影响。日粮中添加的低聚糖水平分别为O．00％，O．15％，O．25％，O．35％，试验期为6周。试验结果表日月：0～6周龄蛋雏鸡日粮中添加O．15％～O．35％的低聚糖，可使雏鸡的ADG、F／G显著高于对照组(P＜0．05)，添加低聚糖O．15％，胸腺指数极显著高于对照组(P＜0．01)，法氏囊指数显著高于对照组(P＜O．05)，氮的排泄率低于对照组(P＞O．05)，粪便H2S的产生量极显著低于对照组(P＜0．01)。低聚糖对日粮干物质排泄率、磷排泄率及粪便pH无显著影响(P＞O．05)。0-6周龄蛋雏鸡日粮中低聚糖适宜添加量为：0.15%-0.23%。     

低聚糖对蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋壳质量的影响

选择42周龄新罗曼蛋鸡612只,随机分成4组,日粮中分别添加.0.0%、0.1%、0.3%、技0.5%4个水平的低聚糖,观察其对鸡产蛋性能及蛋壳质量的影响.试验期为7周.结果表明蛋鸡饲粮中添加0.3%低聚糖可显著提高产蛋率7.13%(P<0.05),降低饲料消耗10.66%(P<0.05).添加低聚糖对蛋壳厚度、蛋壳相对重和破软蛋率无显著影响(P>0.05).     

益生菌对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡舍空气环境的影响

为了解益生菌对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡舍空气环境的影响,试验将55周龄的健康海兰褐蛋鸡384只随机分成4组,1,2,3,4组分别在基础日粮中添加0、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%益生菌,测定蛋鸡生产性能和粪中氨的释放量。结果表明:3,4组产蛋率极显著高于1组(P<0.01),2组显著高于1组(P<0.05);3,4组平均蛋重显著高于1组(P<0.05);3,4组只均日耗料量显著低于1组(P<0.05);3组料蛋比极显著低于1组(P<0.01),4组显著低于1组(P<0.05);3,4组软破蛋率显著低于1组(P<0.05);2,3,4组氨气释放量极显著低于1组(P<0.05);2,3,4组只均利润分别比1组高0.86,1.30,1.03元。说明饲喂益生菌能够提高蛋鸡的生产性能,增收效益明显;益生菌的最适添加量为0.15%。     

大枣低聚糖对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响

试验选用罗曼1日龄蛋雏鸡200羽,采用单因子随机设计,分成4组(空白组、试验1组、试验2组、试验3组),每组5个重复,分别饲喂添加0、500、1000、1500 mg/kg大枣低聚糖的基础日粮,试验期35 d,探讨大枣低聚糖对蛋雏鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验2组、3组日均采食量分别提高了9.4%和8.9%(P<0.05),平均日增重分别提高了14.8%和13.1%(P<0.05);试验2、3组脾脏指数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数、IgA和IgG水平均显著提高(P<0.05);试验1组脾脏指数、胸腺指数和IgA水平均显著提高(P<0.05)。本试验表明,饲料中添加大枣低聚糖可提高蛋雏鸡的生产性能和免疫机能,其中日粮中添加量为1000 mg/kg效果较理想。     

β-甘露聚糖酶对蛋雏鸡生长性能及发酵粪中氨气和硫化氢释放量的影响

试验采用完全随机试验设计,选择健康、体重相近的1日龄海兰褐蛋用雏鸡500羽,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,研究日粮中添加不同水平的β-甘露聚糖酶对蛋雏鸡生长性能及发酵粪中氨气和硫化氢释放量的影响.日粮中添加的β-甘露聚糖酶水平分别为0,0.01%,0.015%,0.02%,0.025%,试验期为7周.结果表明:与对照组相比,O～7周龄日粮中添加0.02%的β-露聚糖酶可显著提高蛋雏鸡的体重、胫长、平均日增重(P<0.05),可显著降低发酵粪中NH3和H2S的产生量(P<0.05).     

大豆低聚糖对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选择34周龄健康无病商品代海兰褐蛋鸡240只,随机分为4组,分别在其日粮中添加0、0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的纯度为30%的大豆低聚糖,探讨在蛋鸡日粮中添加不同水平大豆低聚糖对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:在日粮中添加0.2%～0.3%大豆低聚糖可以显著提高蛋重和产蛋率,降低料蛋比(P<0.05)。0.2%添加组中盈利最多。     

溢康素对蛋鸡生产性能及粪臭的影响

在饮水中分别添加0、0.03%、0.05%、0.07%溢康素,观察其对56周龄新罗曼产蛋鸡产蛋性能和粪臭的影响。试验结果表明:蛋鸡饮水中添加0.05%溢康素显著提高产蛋率22.8个百分点(P<0.01),降低饲料消耗13.9%(P<0.01);对壳厚和蛋形指数的影响差异均显著(P<0.05);氮的排泄率显著低于对照组(P<0.01);粪便硫化氢和氨气的释放量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);而对蛋的比重无显著的影响(P>0.05),对磷的排泄率无明显的改善(P>0.05)。     

蛋鸡日粮添加绞股蓝粉对蛋品质的影响研究

试验选取健康、体重相近的京粉2号雏鸡300只,随机分为3组,每组100只。从1周龄开始,两个试验组日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%绞股蓝粉,对照组为空白对照,日粮不添加绞股蓝粉。饲喂至29周龄(产蛋高峰期)时进行蛋品质测定。结果显示:绞股蓝粉添加量为1.0%时,哈氏单位显著提高(P0.05),蛋黄胆固醇浓度显著降低(P0.05),蛋黄颜色(a)测定值极显著增加(P0.01);绞股蓝粉添加量为0.5%时,蛋重显著增加(P0.05);蛋黄颜色(b、L)测定值、蛋形指数、蛋黄比率和蛋壳厚度等指标在添加组与对照组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。结果表明,在蛋鸡日粮中添加绞股蓝粉可以显著提高鸡蛋哈氏单位、加深蛋黄颜色、降低蛋黄胆固醇浓度、增加蛋重。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.