不同胆汁酸对花鲈生长性能、血清生化指标及脂肪代谢的影响

实验研究了不同胆汁酸对花鲈生长性能、血清生化指标与脂肪代谢的影响,分别用基础、添加胆汁酸或乳化胆汁酸的饲料投喂花鲈8周,然后采集样品并分析。结果表明:①乳化胆汁酸显著提高了花鲈的增重率与摄食量(P<0.05),而胆汁酸则无显著影响(P>0.05);②胆汁酸或乳化胆汁酸均降低了血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的活性,提高了血清总胆固醇的含量,乳化胆汁酸提高了血清碱性磷酸酶的活性;③胆汁酸与乳化胆汁酸均提高了肝脏脂蛋白脂酶和肝脂酶的活性,降低了肝脏三酰甘油的含量。综上所述,胆汁酸或乳化胆汁酸均能提高脂肪分解能力而降低脂肪沉积,维持肝脏健康;乳化胆汁酸可提高花鲈的摄食量并促进其生长。     

胆汁酸对动物糖脂代谢的调控及在动物生产中的应用

胆汁酸是糖脂代谢中的重要调控物质,具有乳化脂肪、促进营养物质吸收、改善肠道微生物组成、调节免疫系统的作用。胆汁酸可以通过调节肠道中的脂肪吸收、胆固醇排泄以及肝脏的胆固醇合成来影响机体的糖脂代谢。此外,胆汁酸还可以影响动物体内胰岛素的敏感性和分泌,从而对血糖水平和胰岛素抵抗产生影响。目前,关于胆汁酸的合成机制以及疾病方面的研究较为完善,但胆汁酸在动物生产中的应用还较少。胆汁酸除促进脂肪的乳化吸收外,在提高生产性能、保护肠道健康、缓解热应激、保护肝脏等方面也具有显著效果。文章从胆汁酸的合成调控、对糖脂代谢的影响以及在动物生产中的应用等方面进行综述,以期为胆汁酸的进一步的开发与利用提供参考。     

胆汁酸在脂肪消化吸收中的作用

本文从脂肪的消化吸收过程入手,综述了胆汁酸在其中的作用,同时分析了胆汁酸在促进肝脏功能发挥方面的作用,指出将胆汁酸应用于饲料中具有重要的现实意义。     

胆汁酸在饲料中的应用研究进展

<正>当前动物饲料中脂肪的添加量相对较高,而动物机体不能分泌足够的胆汁,有效分解脂肪;另外,大量的脂肪也增加了动物机体尤其是肝脏的负担,肝细胞容易受到损伤,会出现脂肪肝、肝炎等症状,抑制肝脏分泌胆汁的能力,导致脂肪代谢发生障碍。动物饲料中添加胆汁酸会促进脂类的消化吸收,减轻肝脏的负担,对维护机体正常能量代谢有重要作用。达到保肝护胆的作用。1胆汁酸的种类通常,胆汁中的胆汁酸(bile acid)按结构可分为两大类:     

胆汁酸的作用与分子调控机制

很多研究表明,胆汁酸能够促进肠道中胆固醇、脂质和脂溶性维生素的吸收。除此之外,胆汁酸还是一个重要的信号调节分子,能够激活肝脏和胃肠道细胞中特异性核受体、G蛋白偶联受体以及细胞信号传导通路,从而改变与编码调控胆汁酸、葡萄糖、脂肪酸和脂蛋白的合成、代谢、运输以及能量代谢的相关酶(蛋白)的基因表达。文章详细论述了胆汁酸的作用以及胆汁酸作为信号分子的调控机制。     

肠道微生物代谢产物胆盐水解酶的生物学功能及其抑制剂研究进展

胆盐水解酶(BSH)是一种具有降解结合胆盐功能的肠道微生物代谢产物,介导肝脏来源初级胆汁酸向肠道微生物代谢产物次级胆汁酸转化.近年来发现,BSH对于肠道微生物和宿主生理代谢均具有重要调控作用.一方面,BSH有助于肠道中微生物存活和定植;另一方面,BSH基于胆汁酸代谢参与调节宿主脂质代谢和肠道健康.本文从BSH结构、分布...     

胆汁酸菌群修饰介导肠道黏膜免疫的研究进展

在肠肝循环过程中,肝脏合成分泌的共轭胆汁酸经由肠道菌群生物学修饰(去共轭化、脱羟基化、差向异构化、酯化及脱硫反应)转化为去共轭初级胆汁酸和次级胆汁酸,通过参与免疫因子代谢调控免疫反应,在肠黏膜免疫中起重要作用。本文系统归纳参与胆汁酸代谢的肠道菌群、胆汁酸菌群代谢物的重要生物学功能以及其作用于肠道免疫细胞的黏膜免疫机制等方面的研究进展,建立肠道菌群-胆汁酸-肠道黏膜免疫的生物学复杂网络,为深入了解肠道菌群介导胆汁酸生物修饰调控肠黏膜免疫的分子机制提供思考。     

胆汁酸的生理功能及在畜牧业中的应用

<正>胆汁酸是胆汁的主要成分,在脂肪消化过程中起着重要作用。集约化养殖过程中频繁的应激无形中加大了动物肝脏的压力,肝脏分泌胆汁的功能受到抑制,     

动物胆汁酸代谢与肠道微生态的互作关系

胆汁酸代谢与肠道微生态密切相关,胆汁酸在肝脏中由胆固醇合成,并通过肠道微生物群进一步代谢,主要存在于肠肝循环中并具有重要调节作用。同时,胆汁酸作为重要的信号分子,其与FXR、FGFR4和TGR5等多种胆汁酸相关受体结合,能有效调节肠道菌群,维持肝肠循环稳态,而肠道菌群的变化直接影响FXR、FGF15等相关基因的表达,进而影响胆汁酸代谢。本文综述了胆汁酸代谢与肠道微生态之间的双向调控机制,进一步明确了二者之间的相互作用关系,为解决动物肝肠胆相关疾病提供科学理论。     

丁酸钠和胆汁酸混合缓释制剂对大黄鱼生长性能和体色的影响

为了探讨丁酸钠和胆汁酸混合缓释制剂对大黄鱼生长性能和体色的影响,选择初始体重约120 g的大黄鱼40 000尾,随机分成2组,每组设20 000尾。对照组只加冰鲜料,试验组在冰鲜料中额外添加0.1%丁酸钠和胆汁酸混合缓释制剂,进行为期28 d的投喂试验。结果表明:添加丁酸钠和胆汁酸混合缓释制剂的试验组体重、体长和体全长均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),分别比对照组提高了12.9%、3.66%和4.9%。从肥满度、肝体比、脏体比上来看,试验组和对照组差异不明显(P>0.05)。试验组和对照组大黄鱼的背部和腹部的亮度轴(L)差异不显著(P>0.05),试验组大黄鱼背部的绿色值(a-)和黄色值(b+)、腹部的红色值(a+)和黑色值(b-)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。从解剖结果来看,试验组大黄鱼肝脏颜色比较正常,呈黄色;对照组大黄鱼肝脏颜色比较浅,呈土黄色,部分鱼还出现花肝。研究表明:添加丁酸钠和胆汁酸混合缓释制剂可以提高大黄鱼的生长性能、改善体色,促进肝脏健康。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.