羊传染性脓疱病毒通过激活PI3K/Akt通路抑制HeLa细胞凋亡

磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/Akt信号通路是参与细胞增殖、分化和凋亡调控的重要通路之一,多种病毒可通过对该通路的调控而实现对宿主细胞的感染.作为一种重要的人兽共患传染病病原,羊传染性脓疱病毒(Orf virus,ORFV)被证实能够诱导PI3K/Akt通路的活化.利用PI3K特异性抑制剂LY294002靶向抑制PI...     

奶牛脐带间充质干细胞介导PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路对乳腺上皮细胞凋亡调控研究

本实验旨在探究脐带间充质干细胞(UC-MSCs)介导磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)信号通路对乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)凋亡的调控作用。将处于对数生长期的UC-MSCs与BMECs按照1:2的比例混合共培养72 h,对照单独培养的UC-MSCs和BMECs,再分别用PI3K抑制剂LY294002(50μmol/mL)和mTOR抑制剂RAPA(50 nmol/mL)孵育细胞48 h,采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡情况。结果表明:将UC-MSCs与BMECs共培养,能够显著抑制BMECs细胞凋亡,加入PI3K抑制剂LY294002和mTOR抑制剂RAPA孵育BMECs后,极显著地促进了BMECs细胞凋亡(P0.01),但是与UC-MSCs共培养后,这种抑制作用明显得到抵消。UC-MSCs通过介导PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路参与调控BMECs的凋亡;抑制剂LY294002和RAPA通过阻断PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路促进BMECs凋亡。综上可知,UC-MSCs能够激活被阻断的PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路,使其重新参与调控BMECs。     

整合素通过PI3K/Akt信号通路调控畜禽骨骼健康的研究进展

骨骼是脊椎动物中坚硬的结缔组织,具有构成机体基本支架、保护脏器、支撑体重和维持运动的作用。骨骼发育主要是通过膜内成骨和软骨内骨化完成的,该过程由多种调控因子组成的复杂调控网络共同发挥作用以维持畜禽骨骼健康。整合素（integrin）是细胞膜上的一种介导细胞-基质相互作用的跨膜受体,不仅具有引起细胞黏附的作用,还能够通过双向传递细胞内外的信号引发机体相应反应。整合素能够调控多条信号通路,包括磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K/Akt)信号通路,在维持畜禽动物骨骼健康方面发挥重要作用。PI3K/Akt信号通路是由酶联受体介导的能够调节细胞生命活动的信号通路,能通过炎症、自噬、凋亡等作用调节软骨代谢平衡,对维持骨骼健康具有重要意义。综合国内外关于畜禽骨代谢、整合素和PI3K/Akt信号通路之间关系的研究进展,从整合素对畜禽骨代谢的影响、PI3K/Akt信号通路对畜禽骨代谢的影响以及整合素通过PI3K/Akt信号通路对骨代谢的影响三方面进行综述,以期为探究整合素通过PI3K/Akt信号通路在畜...     

茶黄素通过磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路促进小鼠乳腺肿瘤细胞凋亡

本试验旨在研究茶黄素促进小鼠乳腺肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用机制。采用不同浓度[0(A组)、48(B组)、88(C组)、128μmol/L(D组)]茶黄素处理小鼠乳腺肿瘤细胞(C-127细胞)24 h,采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率，流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况，荧光显微镜检测细胞活性与坏死情况，透射电镜观察细胞形态，实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测半胱氨酸特异性天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(Akt)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)和Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的mRNA相对表达量，Western Blot法检测活化后的Caspase-3(Cleaved-Caspase-3)、PI3K、Akt、Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达水平。结果显示：1)与A组相比，B组细胞存活率显著降低(P<0.05),C组、D组细胞存活率极显著降低(P<0.01)。2)与A组相比，B组、C组、D组细胞凋亡率极显著升高(P<0.01)。3)与A组相比，B组Akt的mRNA相对表达量极显著降低(P<0.01),PI3K、Bcl-2的mRN...     

mTOR对信号通路调控的研究进展

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路是最近新出现的细胞内重要信号途径,该途径在进化上高度保守,主要通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路磷酸化激活来调控细胞分裂、促进转录、信号翻译等,从而控制蛋白合成来调节细胞生长。mTOR作为一种重要的调节基因通过调节细胞周期、蛋白质合成、细胞能量代谢等多种途径发挥重要的生理功能,在细胞增殖、生长、分化过程中起着中心调控点的作用。     

不同比例霉变玉米对肉兔肾脏PI3K/Nrf2通路的影响

80只30日龄的新西兰肉兔随机分为4组：空白组(0%霉变玉米+15%正常玉米),低剂量组(5%霉变玉米+10%正常玉米)、中剂量组(10%霉变玉米+5%正常玉米)和高剂量组(15%霉变玉米+0%正常玉米),20只/组。于试验的第42天心脏采血、摘取肾脏。ELISA法检测饲料中AFB1、ZEN、DON的含量；HE染色观察肾组织病理学变化；生化试剂盒检测血清中BUN、Cr、UA的水平及肾组织中MDA、NO、T-AOC、CAT、GSH-Px的含量；qPCR检测PI3K、HO-1、Nrf2、NQO-1 mRNA的表达水平。结果显示，空白组与低剂量组霉菌毒素未超标，中剂量组AFB1超标，高剂量组AFB1、ZEN超标。HE染色可见中、高剂量组肾小球呈分叶状，肾小管上皮细胞脱落，并伴有空泡变性。与空白组相比，中、高剂量组肾指数显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);中、高剂量组血清中BUN、UA、Cr水平及肾组织中MDA、NO水平显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);中、高剂量组肾组织中CAT、GSH-Px、T-AOC含量及PI3K、Nrf2、NQO-1、HO-1 mRNA...     

伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)感染小鼠三叉神经节对NF-κB信号通路的影响及其调控炎症因子分泌

为了探究伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)感染小鼠三叉神经节对NF-κB信号通路的影响及其调控炎症因子分泌的情况，本试验用10⁵ TCID₅₀ PRV滴鼻感染小鼠后使用实时荧光定量PCR(q-PCR)检测不同时间段MyD88、TRIF、NF-κB p65、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α基因的转录情况，Western blot检测不同时间段MyD88、TRIF、IκBα、NF-κB p65、p-IκBα和NF-κB p-p65的表达情况，ELISA检测不同时间段IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达情况。结果显示，PRV感染小鼠三叉神经节后在早期会下调MyD88、TRIF和NF-κB p65基因mRNA转录(P<0.01),晚期会上调MyD88、TRIF和NF-κB p65基因mRNA转录(P<0.01),总体来说呈现先下调后上调的总趋势；Western blot结果显示，PRV感染小鼠三叉神经节后诱导IκBα和NF-κB p65的磷酸化，而对MyD88和TRIF的蛋白表达呈现先下调后上调的趋势，IκBα和NF-κB p65的蛋白表达呈现先下...     

JAK/STAT和PI3K/AKT信号通路介导小反刍兽疫病毒宿主细胞天然免疫的研究

为研究JAK/STAT和PI3K/AKT信号通路在小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）宿主细胞天然免疫中的作用,在PPRV感染山羊肾细胞24、48和72 h后,分别用MTT试验和间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）检测病毒感染细胞活力及其在细胞中的分布;用qRT-PCR和Western-blot分别检测病毒蛋白、Nectin-4受体、 JAK/STAT和PI3K/AKT信号通路及其下游信号分子表达水平的变化。结果表明,PPRV感染24、48和72 h后的细胞存活率分别为99.53%、77.12%和66.87%,病毒H和N蛋白表达水平显著增加（P<0.05）;但Nectin-4表达无显著变化（P>0.05）;p-STAT1/STAT1比值极显著升高（P<0.01）;ISG20、ISG15、IRF9、IRF3、IFNβ和IFNα表达水平显著或极显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）;p-AKT表达水平极显著升高（P<0.01）;p-AKT/AKT、p-NFκB/NFκB、p-GSK/GSK和p-CREB/CREB比值均显著或极显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01...     

PI3K/AKT/TORC1信号通路对丝素蛋白合成转录因子SGF1表达的影响

SGF1(silk gland factor 1)是一种转录调控因子,属于Fox家族的Fox A亚家族成员,能够启动丝素基因的表达,合成丝素蛋白。已知果蝇和其他高等动物中的PI3K/AKT/TORC1信号通路可以调控Fox转录蛋白的表达。为了探究家蚕幼虫后部丝腺(PSG)中PI3K/AKT/TORC1信号通路对SGF1表达水平的影响,对4龄第4天和5龄第7天家蚕幼虫分别注射信号通路抑制剂Wort、Rapa和LY294,24 h后解剖取出后部丝腺,一组用于免疫组织化学染色实验,另一组用于提取蛋白质进行Western blot检测。免疫组织化学染色实验表明,与对照组相比,注射3种信号通路抑制剂的家蚕幼虫后部丝腺组织的绿色荧光亮度明显减弱;Western blot检测表明,与对照组相比,实验组家蚕幼虫后部丝腺的蛋白质浓度有所下降。综合以上结果初步得出PI3K/AKT/TORC1信号通路抑制剂处理均可降低家蚕幼虫后部丝腺中SGF1表达的结论,即提示可以通过上游信号通路PI3K/AKT/TORC1影响SGF1的表达水平,进而调控丝素蛋白的合成。     

PS48 promotes in vitro maturation and developmental competence of porcine oocytes through activating PI3K/Akt signalling pathway

Oocyte maturation plays a vitally important role in porcine reproduction. Regrettably, the quality of oocytes matured in vitro is weaker than that of in vivo matured oocytes. We collected and cultivated porcine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) in vitro with phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) activator 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-phenyl-pent-2-enoic acid (PS48), whose concentrations were 0, 2, 5, 10 and 20 µM to investigate whether the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathway would impact the oocyte quality. The results showed that 10 µM PS48 increased the oocyte proportion of metaphase II (MII) stage and improved the expansion of cumulus cells (CCs). What's more, the activation of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway could regulate the expression of maturation-related genes and proteins. The results of quantitative real-time PCR showed that 10 µM PS48 increased the mRNA and protein levels of Akt and regulated maturation-related genes, including cyclin B1, MOS, BMP15, GDF9, CDC2, mTOR, BAX, BCL2 and caspase-3. The results of Western blot indicated that 10µM PS48 increased the protein abundance of Akt, phosphorylation of Akt Thr308 (p-Akt^Thr308) and cyclin B1, but decreased the protein abundance of pro-apoptotic BAX. These results suggested that adding 10 µM PS48 to mature culture medium could promote the maturation of porcine oocytes, potentially through activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.     

Comparative analysis of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathway activation and inhibition in human and canine melanoma

The lack of advanced animal models of human cancers is considered a barrier to developing effective therapeutics. Canine and human melanomas are histologically disparate but show similar disease progression and response to therapies. The purpose of these studies was to compare human and canine melanoma tumours and cell lines regarding MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling dysregulation, and response to select molecularly targeted agents. Pathway activation was investigated via microarray and mutational analysis. Growth inhibition and cell cycle effects were assessed for pathway inhibitors AZD6244 (MAPK) and rapamycin (PI3K/AKT) in human and canine melanoma cells. Human and canine melanoma share similar differential gene expression patterns within the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Constitutive pathway activation and similar sensitivity to AZD6244 and rapamycin was observed in human and canine cells. These results show that human and canine melanoma share activation and sensitivity to inhibition of cancer‐related signalling pathways despite differences in activating mutations.     

Effect of porcine glucagon‐like peptides‐2 on tight junction in GLP‐2R + IPEC‐J2 cell through the PI3k/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway

Because of rare glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) receptor (+) cells within the gut mucosa, the molecular mechanisms transducing the diverse actions of GLP‐2 remain largely obscure. This research identified the naturally occurring intestinal cell lines that endogenously express GLP‐2R and determined the molecular mechanisms of the protective effects of GLP‐2‐mediated tight junctions (TJ) in GLP‐2R (+) cell line. (i) Immunohistochemistry results showed that GLP‐2R is localised to the epithelia, laminae propriae and muscle layers of the small and large bowels of newborn piglets. (ii) GLP‐2R expression was apparent in the cytoplasm of endocrine cells in IPEC‐J2 cell lines. (iii) The protein expressions of ZO‐1, claudin‐1, occludin, p‐PI₃K, p‐Akt, p‐mTOR and p‐p70^S6K significantly (p < 0.05) increased in GLP‐2‐treated IPEC‐J2 cells, and all of them significantly (p < 0.05) decreased when LY‐294002 or rapamycin was added. GLP‐2 improves intestinal TJ expression of GLP‐2R (+) cells through the PI₃k/Akt/mTOR/p70^S6K signalling pathway.     

Campylobacter jejuni induces an anti-inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is the most common cause of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis. Poultry is a major reservoir of C. jejuni and considered an important source of human infections, thus, it is important to understand the host response to C. jejuni from chicken origin. In this study, we demonstrated firstly that a chicken isolate SC11 colonized chicks faster than clinical isolate NCTC11168. Using the SC11, we further studied the host responds to C. jejuni in terms of inflammatory response and involvement of cellular signaling pathways. Infection of C. jejuni SC11 was able to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and induce pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 (IL-8) as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in human intestinal epithelial cell line Colo 205. The signalling pathways PI3K/Akt and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases ERK and p38 were involved in C. jejuni-induced IL-8 and IL-10 expression. Inhibition of PI3K resulted in augmentation of C. jejuni-induced IL-8 production, concomitant with down-regulation of IL-10 mRNA, indicating an anti-inflammatory response was activated and associated with the activation of P13K/Akt. Similar effect was observed for cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) deficient mutants. Moreover, we demonstrated that heat-killed bacteria were able to induce IL-8 and IL-10 expression to a lower level than live bacteria. We therefore conclude that C. jejuni activate a PI3K/Akt-dependent anti-inflammatory pathway in human intestinal epithelial cells which may benefit the intracellular survival of C. jejuni during infection.     

Vitamin E regulates bovine granulosa cell apoptosis via NRF2-mediated defence mechanism by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signalling pathways

High-yield dairy cows are usually subject to high-intensive cell metabolism and produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Once ROS is beyond the threshold of scavenging ability, it can induce oxidative stress, imperilling the reproductive performance of cows. The study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E (VE) on H₂O₂-induced proliferation and apoptosis of bovine granulosa cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. Granulosa cells were pretreated with VE for 24 hr and then treated with H₂O₂ for 6 hr. The results showed that VE treatment decreased the intracellular ROS levels, increased the MDA content, and improved the antioxidant enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, VE treatment promoted the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in granulosa cells by up-regulation of CCND1 and BCL2 levels and down-regulation of P21, BAX, and CASP3 levels. The cytoprotective effects of VE were attributed to the activation of the NRF2 signalling pathway. Knockdown of the NRF2 impaired the cytoprotective effects of VE on granulosa cells. Besides, the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2, but not the p38 signalling pathway is involved in the regulation of VE-mediated cell proliferation and apoptosis. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 and ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 inhibited the VE-induced granulosa cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, whereas the p38 inhibitor SB203580 had the opposite effects. These results were confirmed by proliferation and apoptosis-related gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. The results also showed that the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 and ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 inhibited VE-induced NRF2, GCLC, GCLM, and HO-1 expression, whereas the p38 inhibitor SB203580 not. Overall, the results demonstrated that VE-regulated granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis via NRF2-mediated defence system by activating the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signalling pathway.     

Isorhamnetin protects zearalenone-induced damage via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in porcine ovarian granulosa cells

Zearalenone(ZEA) is widely derived from moldy cereal grain, which has adverse effects on animal reproduction. In particular, pigs are more sensitive to ZEA-induced toxicity than other animals. Isorhamnetin has extensive pharmacological activity. However, the role of isorhamnetin in ZEA-induced cytotoxicity remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of isorhamnetin on ZEA-induced damage in porcine ovarian granulosa cells and elucidate its molecular mechanism. T...     

Inhibition of PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signal pathway dismissed the stimulation of glucose on goose liver cell growth

In the formation of goose fatty liver induced by a high‐carbohydrate diet, it is characterized by the quick cell growth of liver. The carbohydrate is mostly digested and absorbed in the small intestine by the form of glucose. Recent studies have suggested a crucial role for PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway in regulating cell proliferation, and then we speculate that PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway may mediate glucose‐induced liver cell proliferation. Goose primary hepatocytes were isolated and incubated in either no addition as a control or glucose or PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway inhibitors or cotreatment with glucose and PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway inhibitors. The results firstly showed that 35 mmol/l glucose stimulated the mRNA level and protein content of factors involved in PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signal pathway in goose primary hepatocytes. Secondly, 35 mmol/l glucose evidently changed the cell cycle PI index and protein expression of cyclin D1. Meanwhile, the upregulation of 35 mmol/l glucose on the DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle PI index, the mRNA expression, protein content and protein expression of factors involved in the cell proliferation was decreased significantly by the inhibitors of PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway, LY294002, rapamycin or NVP‐BEZ235. In summary, glucose could stimulate the cell proliferation, and the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway inhibitors could dismiss glucose‐induced the upregulation of cell proliferation in goose primary hepatocyte.     

Negative regulation of interleukin 1β expression in response to DnaK from Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the PI3K/PDK1/FoxO1 pathways

Interleukin (IL)-1β is crucial for a wide range of inflammatory responses. Previously, we reported that IL-1β is produced in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived DnaK via NF-κB and JNK pathways; however, the signaling pathways that counter the process to maintain IL-1β homeostasis are unknown. Here, we show that DnaK-mediated expression of IL1β is increased markedly in macrophages upon blockade of PI3K/PDK1. This was verified by measuring released IL-1β protein. The negative effect of PI3K on IL-1β production was dependent on suppression of both NF-κB and JNK activation. Intriguingly, PDK1 (an underlying mediator of PI3K) acted as an upstream regulator for the activation of NF-κB, but downregulated JNK activation. Furthermore, production of IL-1β and activation of JNK were triggered by inhibition of phosphorylated FoxO1; phosphorylation of FoxO1 was controlled by PDK1 signaling in response to DnaK. Thus, IL-1β production is modulated by P. aeruginosa-derived DnaK via cross-talk between JNK and PI3K/PDK1/FoxO1 pathways.     

辣蓼黄酮正丁醇部位对PRV感染3D4/2细胞氧化应激相关因子水平的影响

【目的】探究辣蓼黄酮正丁醇部位(N-butanol fraction of Polygonum hydropiper flavonoids, FNB)对猪伪狂犬病毒(Pseudoabies virus, PRV)体外感染猪肺泡巨噬细胞(3D4/2细胞)氧化应激相关因子的影响,旨在初步分析FNB的抗氧化效果。【方法】采用10^-1至10^-10浓度PRV体外感染猪肾细胞(PK15细胞),计算病毒半数组织培养感染剂量(TCID₅₀);将3D4/2细胞分为BC组、DMSO组、PRV组、FNB 1、FNB2和FNB3组,BC组用DMEM培养液处理,其余各组用感染复数(multiplicity of infection, MOI)=0.1 RPV处理,孵育2 h后,PRV组添加DMEM培养液,DMSO组及FNB1、FNB2、FNB3组分别添加0.05%DMSO及12.5、25、50μg/mL FNB的DMEM培养液。培养4、8、12、24 h后,分别收取各组细胞培养液上清和细胞,通过试剂盒测定细胞培养液上清中一氧化氮(NO)的含量、细...     

Biphasic activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling pathways in bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection of MDBK cells

ABSTRACT: Many viruses have been known to control key cellular signaling pathways to facilitate the virus infection. The possible involvement of signaling pathways in bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infection is unknown. This study indicated that infection of MDBK cells with BoHV-1 induced an early-stage transient and a late-stage sustained activation of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MAPK/Erk1/2) signaling pathways. Analysis with the stimulation of UV-irradiated virus indicated that the virus binding and/or entry process was enough to trigger the early phase activations, while the late phase activations were viral protein expression dependent. Biphasic activation of both pathways was suppressed by the selective inhibitor, Ly294002 for PI3K and U0126 for MAPK kinase (MEK1/2), respectively. Furthermore, treatment of MDBK cells with Ly294002 caused a 1.5-log reduction in virus titer, while U0126 had little effect on the virus production. In addition, the inhibition effect of Ly294002 mainly occurred at the post-entry stage of the virus replication cycle. This revealed for the first time that BoHV-1 actively induced both PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling pathways, and the activation of PI3K was important for fully efficient replication, especially for the post-entry stage.