十六种中草药提取物对鳗弧菌体外抑菌作用的研究

研究了十六种中草药对鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)的体外抑菌作用。结果显示:十六种中草药提取物对鳗弧菌有不同程度的抑制作用,其中大黄、五倍子、黄连的水提物和醇提物的抑菌效果最好,且两种提取物的MIC值相同,分别为1.95 mg/mL、0.98 mg/mL和1.95 mg/mL。     

林荫千里光、葎草提取液对鳗弧菌的药敏试验

本试验以林荫千里光水相、氯仿相提取液,葎草乙酸乙酯相、石油醚相、正丁醇相提取液为原料,测定了鳗弧菌对其的敏感性。结果表明：葎草乙酸乙酯相提取液、葎草石油醚相提取液、林荫千里光氯仿相提取液抑菌作用明显,最小抑菌浓度（MIC）均≤25mg／mL;林荫千里光水相提取液有一定的抑菌作用,最小抑菌浓度为50mg／mL;葎草正丁醇相提取液无抑菌作用。     

氟苯尼考对六种海洋致病弧菌的体外抗菌活性研究

测定了氟苯尼考等4种抗菌药对6种常见海洋致病弧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。测试结果显示,氟苯尼考对6株弧菌的MIC值范围为2～4μg／mL,氯霉素为1～32μg／mL,土霉素为4～128μg／mL,恩诺沙星为0．125～1μg／mL;对多数弧菌氟苯尼考与氯霉素的抗菌活性相似。氟苯尼考对6株弧菌的MBC／MIC值范围为2-4,而氯霉素为2～16,表明氟苯尼考的杀菌效果优于氯霉素。对照药物恩诺沙星、土霉素的MBC／MIC值分别为1-2和2-8,恩诺沙星显示出优良的抗菌和杀菌活性。随着接种菌量增加,所测3种抗菌药的MIC随之升高;当接种量达到10^7ufu／mL时．药物对多数弧菌显示出微弱的作用。     

22味中草药对创伤弧菌和灿烂弧菌体外抑菌作用筛选

研究了22 味中草药对创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)和灿烂弧菌(V. splendidus)的体外抑菌作用.结果显示,22味中草药对其均有不同程度的抑制作用;其中,黄连和连翘对创伤弧菌的抑菌和杀菌效果最好,最小抑菌浓度分别为0.49 mg/mL和 1.95 mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度与最小抑菌浓度相同;黄连、黄芩、连翘和黄柏对灿烂弧菌的抑菌和杀菌效果较好,最小抑菌浓度分别为0.98、1.95、1.95和3.90 mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度分别为0.98、1.95、1.95和7.81 mg/mL.     

氟苯尼考对8株水产动物致病性弧菌的体外抑菌作用

采用试管稀释法测定了氟苯尼考和氯霉素在不同条件下对8株水生生物致病性弧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC).结果显示,(1)在海水2216E培养基中氟苯尼考和氯霉素的体外抑菌活性均比在3.1%氯化钠盐水2216E培养基中下降,说明海水对氟苯尼考和氯霉素的体外抑菌活性有抑制作用.(2)氟苯尼考对4株水生生物致病性弧菌标准株的体外抑菌活性与氯霉素相当,但对临床分离的4株水生生物致病性弧菌菌株的体外抑菌活性明显优于氯霉素,说明氯霉素由于长期使用已产生了耐药性,而氟苯尼考则尚未产生明显耐药性.因此氟苯尼考是氯霉素的理想换代产品.     

22味中草药对创伤弧菌和灿烂弧菌体外抑菌作用筛选

研究了22味中草药对创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)和灿烂弧菌(V.splendidus)的体外抑菌作用。结果显示,22味中草药对其均有不同程度的抑制作用;其中,黄连和连翘对创伤弧菌的抑菌和杀菌效果最好,最小抑菌浓度分别为0.49mg/mL和1.95mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度与最小抑菌浓度相同;黄连、黄芩、连翘和黄柏对灿烂弧菌的抑菌和杀菌效果较好,最小抑菌浓度分别为0.98、1.95、1.95和3.90mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度分别为0.98、1.95、1.95和7.81mg/mL。     

丁香酚对鲫鱼麻醉效果的研究

采用丁香酚对鲫鱼(130±10 g)进行了麻醉效果的研究.结果显示:水温28℃下,丁香酚浓度在37～80 mg/L时,鲫鱼都能被理想麻醉,且随着浓度的增加,麻醉时间缩短,但复苏时间延长;丁香酚浓度为40 mg/L,水温在20.6～35℃时,鲫鱼都能被理想麻醉;水温28℃,丁香酚浓度在40 mg/L时,麻醉时间为7 min,复苏率为100%,空气暴露时间15 min,复苏率为100%.丁香酚可以被用作鲫鱼的一种安全有效的麻醉剂.     

常用中草药对4种病原弧菌体外抗菌效果的研究

采用琼脂扩散法(打孔法)测定了五倍子等18种中草药对鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌、河口弧菌及霍乱弧菌等4种病原弧菌的抑制作用。结果表明,五倍子、苏木、地锦草、石榴皮、黄芩、虎杖和山楂等7种中草药对病原弧菌具有较好的抑菌效果,而金银花等11种中草药抑菌作用较弱;同时采用试管连续稀释法,测定了五倍子等抑菌效果较强的7种中草药对4种病原弧菌的抑菌和杀菌浓度。结果表明,苏木、五倍子、地锦草和石榴皮4种中药具有较好的抑菌和杀菌作用,此4种中药对鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌、河口弧菌及霍乱弧菌等4种病原弧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.78～6.25mg/ml,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为3.12～12.5mg/ml。     

养殖大菱鲆鳗弧菌疾病的初步研究

从某养殖场患病的大菱鲆病灶和肝肾等组织分离到一株病原菌YC-01,经人工感染健康大菱鲆后,其皮下、鳍基部、及口部皮下出血,皮肤溃烂、腹部膨胀等,与自然发病大菱鲆的症状相同.药敏实验结果表明,菌必治、氟哌酸、呋喃妥因、复达欣、红霉素、卡那霉素,对YC-01有较强的抑制作用,该菌株对四环素、磺胺类、青霉素等抗生素有耐药性.经过光镜和电镜的综合形态观察,生理生化特征测试,标准菌种比对等,可将病原菌CY-01鉴定为鳗弧菌.     

丁香酚对大黄鱼麻醉效果的研究

丁香酚 (Ｅｎｇｅｎｏｌ ) ,又称子丁香酚 ,是一种毒性较小的植物香料 ,在医学上作为牙科的镇痛剂被广泛使用。 1 972年 ,日本的远藤发现这种香料对鱼有强烈的麻醉效果 ,开始将它作为麻醉剂进行了系列研究。近年来 ,丁香酚因为具有价廉易得 ,对人体健康无影响 ,其液体制剂在淡水和海水中溶解性好等特点而被广泛应用于亲鱼采卵、活鱼运输以及手术过程中。大黄鱼是一种名贵的海水鱼 ,但体质娇嫩 ,性情暴躁 ,离水后因应激反应较大而易死亡 ,给运输以及养殖操作带来一定困难。因此 ,寻求一种对大黄鱼有较好麻醉效果的药物并确定其合适的麻醉剂量…     

6种中草药对4种淡水鱼致病菌体外抑菌作用的研究

研究了6种中草药对4种淡水鱼致病菌温和气单胞菌（Aerom onas sobria）、嗜水气单胞菌（A.hydrophila）、生物Ⅰ-荧光假单胞菌（Pseudom onas fluorescentb iotypeⅠ）和柱状黄杆菌（Flavobacterium columnaris）的体外抑菌作用。以黄连（Coptis chinensis）、大黄（Rhem officinale）、连翘（Forsythia suspensa）、鱼腥草（Houttuynia corda-ta）、厚朴（Magnolia officinalis）和大青叶（Folium isatidis）6种中草药的水提物为研究对象,采用滤纸片法检测其对4种致病菌的抑制活性,并分别测定了这6种植物提取物对供试菌的最小抑菌浓度（M IC）。结果表明,黄连水提物对4种淡水鱼致病菌的抑菌效果最好,大黄和连翘水提物次之,而鱼腥草、厚朴和大青叶水提物的抑菌效果不明显。     

A single-dose pharmacokinetic study of oxolinic acid and vetoquinol,an oxolinic acid ester,in cod,Gadus morhua L., held in sea water at 8 degrees C and in vitro antibacterial activity of oxolinic acid against Vibrio anguillarum strains isolated from diseased cod

The pharmacokinetic properties of the antibacterial agent oxolinic acid and vetoquinol, the carbitol ester of oxolinic acid, were studied after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration to 100-150 g cod, Gadus morhua L., held in sea water at 8 degrees C. Following i.v. injection, the plasma drug concentration-time profile showed two distinct phases. The distribution half-life (t1/2alpha) was estimated at 1.3 h, the elimination half-life (t1/2beta) as 84 h and the total body clearance (Cl(T)) as 0.047 L kg(-1) h(-1). The volume of distribution at steady state, Vd(ss) was calculated to be 5.5 L kg(-1), indicating good tissue penetration of oxolinic acid in cod. Following p.o. administration of oxolinic acid or vetoquinol, the peak plasma concentrations (C(max)) of oxolinic acid and the time to peak plasma concentrations (T(max) were estimated to be 1.2 and 2.5 microg mL(-1) and 24 and 12 h, respectively. The bioavailabilities of oxolinic acid following p.o. administration of oxolinic acid and vetoquinol were calculated to be 55 and 72%, respectively. The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of oxolinic acid against three strains of Vibrio anguillarum isolated from diseased cod were 0.016 microg mL(-1) (HI-610), 0.250 microg mL(-1) (HI-618) and 0.250 microg mL(-1) (HI-A21). Based on a MIC value of 0.016 microg mmL(-1) a single p.o. administration of 25 mg kg(-1) of oxolinic acid maintains plasma levels in excess of 0.064 microg mL(-1), corresponding to four times the MIC-value, for approximately 12 days. The analogous value for a single p.o. dose of 25 mg kg(-1) of oxolinic acid administered as vetoquinol was 13 days.     

鳗弧菌注射对栉孔扇贝免疫活性的影响

测定了鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)注射对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)胞内活性氧(ROS)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响。结果表明,在注射后5、24、48和72h各免疫指标都有明显变化;胞内ROS含量在24、48和72h明显升高,且均高于对照组,形成抛物线趋势,在48h达到最高;血清中CAT活性均有升高趋势;肝脏中ACP活性在24、48和72h与注射生理盐水组相比明显升高;栉孔扇贝体内ALP活性有明显升高的趋势,且在注射后24h活性达到最高,而后有所下降。结果表明,鳗弧菌对栉孔扇贝免疫系统有明显的刺激作用。     

Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities

Effects of eugenol (AQUI‐S^®20E, 10% active eugenol) sedation on cool water, yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill), and warm water, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. fish metabolic rates were assessed. Both species were exposed to 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L^?1 eugenol using static respirometry. In 17°C water and loading densities of 60, 120 and 240 g L^?1, yellow perch controls (0 mg L^?1 eugenol) had metabolic rates of 329.6–400.0 mg O₂ kg^?1 h^?1, while yellow perch exposed to 20 and 30 mg L^?1 eugenol had significantly reduced metabolic rates of 258.4–325.6 and 189.1–271.0 mg O₂ kg^?1 h^?1 respectively. Nile tilapia exposed to 30 mg L^?1 eugenol had a significantly reduced metabolic rate (424.5 ± 42.3 mg O₂ kg^?1 h^?1) relative to the 0 mg L^?1 eugenol control (546.6 ± 53.5 mg O₂ kg^?1 h^?1) at a loading density of 120 g L^?1 in 22°C water. No significant differences in metabolic rates for Nile tilapia were found at 240 or 360 g L^?1 loading densities when exposed to eugenol. Results suggest that eugenol sedation may benefit yellow perch welfare at high densities (e.g. live transport) due to a reduction in metabolic rates, while further research is needed to assess the benefits of eugenol sedation on Nile tilapia at high loading densities.     

丁香酚对黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼麻醉效果的研究

该研究在水温为(29.3±1.1)℃的自然海水条件下,测定了不同质量浓度丁香酚对体质量为(4.83±1.30)g的黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)的麻醉效果。结果显示,在30~80 mg·L^–1时,黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼的入麻时间随其浓度的升高而减少,复苏时间随其浓度的升高而增加。麻醉过程中,呼吸频率在浅麻时略微上升,深麻时快速下降,直至麻醉过度呼吸停止。研究发现,丁香酚质量浓度在30~100 mg·L^–1时,黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼均能在3 min内进入4期麻醉,4 min内完全复苏,成活率100%。入麻后在空气中暴露时间少于8 min时,复苏时间随暴露时间的增加而减少,大于8 min时,复苏时间随暴露时间的增加而延长,且复苏率逐渐下降。结果表明,丁香酚对黄斑篮子鱼幼鱼具有入麻快、复苏时间短、复苏率高等优点,是其理想的麻醉剂;建议生产上使用的质量浓度为30 mg·L^–1,且入麻后人工操作不宜超过6 min,若追求更快麻醉,丁香酚质量浓度也不宜超过80 mg·L^–1。     

Evaluation of the AQUARAPID-Va, AQUAEIA-Va and dot-blot assays for the detection of Vibrio anguillarum in fish tissues

The comparative accuracy of the serological assays AQUARAPID-Va, AQUAEIA-Va (BIONOR AS), and dot-blot for a rapid diagnosis of vibriosis in fish was evaluated. Twenty-one Vibrio anguillarum strains, representative of pathogenic and environmental serotypes, and 13 strains of other fish pathogenic bacteria were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the detection methods. The serological assays tested detected all the strains of V. anguillarum serotypes O1 and O2. The dot-blot assay was the most specific and sensitive method, detecting almost all isolates from serotypes O1, O2 and O3, with an average sensitivity of 1 x 10(6) bacteria g(-1) of fish tissue. The AQUARAPID-Va and the AQUAEIA-Va systems were able to detect 5 x 10(6) and 5 x 10(7) bacteria g(-1) of fish tissue, respectively. The simplicity, effectiveness and speed of the AQUARAPID-Va system confirmed this method as the most suitable serological test for the detection of V. anguillarum in field analysis and small-scale laboratory studies.