丁香酚对鲻鱼麻醉效果研究

为研究丁香酚对鲻鱼的麻醉效果,进行了不同浓度的丁香酚及不同麻醉时间对鲻鱼的麻醉试验。结果表明,丁香酚浓度越高,鲻鱼麻醉所需时间越短,而复苏所需时间则越长。在丁香酚浓度为20~50mg/L时,平均麻醉时间由14.5 min减少到0.6 min,平均复苏时间由1 min增至14 min。鲻鱼麻醉后的继续麻醉试验显示,丁香酚浓度为20 mg/L时,继续麻醉5、10 min,鲻鱼的复苏时间分别为1.6、2.4 min,相差0.8 min;丁香酚浓度在50 mg/L以下时,继续麻醉5、10 min,鲻鱼的复苏时间分别为24.6、39.5 min,相差14.9 min。同时发现,在丁香酚浓度为50 mg/L时,鲻鱼的复苏率为80%,呈现较强的毒性。研究表明,25~40 mg/L的丁香酚浓度为理想的麻醉浓度,同时,麻醉后继续麻醉5~10 min完全可以满足常规实验操作、人工授精等需要。     

丁香酚对罗非鱼麻醉效果的初步研究

为研究丁香酚对罗非鱼的麻醉效果,用体长(27.00±0.05)cm的罗非鱼进行了麻醉试验。结果显示,在水温25~27℃条件下,当丁香酚浓度在20~200 mg/L时,麻醉所需的时间与麻醉剂浓度呈负相关,而复苏时间与麻醉剂浓度呈正相关;在丁香酚浓度为50 mg/L的药液中药浴20 min,罗非鱼复苏所需的时间为3~4 min,在理想的复苏时间范围内;但随着药浴时间的延长,以及在空气中暴露时间的延长,深度麻醉的罗非鱼复苏所需的时间增加,且复苏率降低。试验结果表明,丁香酚是安全、有效的罗非鱼麻醉剂,其浓度在50~100 mg/L时,麻醉效果最佳,罗非鱼1~2 min即进入麻醉状态,麻醉后的罗非鱼3~4min复苏,可满足常规实验操作的需要。     

丁香酚对倒刺鲃幼鱼麻醉效果的研究

使用人工繁育的鱼种开展丁香酚对倒刺鲃麻醉效果的试验,结果表明:水温25±0.5℃时,5 mg/L浓度的丁香酚对倒刺鲃鱼种没有麻醉作用,10 mg/L浓度的丁香酚只能起轻度镇静作用;浓度12～30 mg/L时,浓度与麻醉所需时间和复苏所需时间呈负相关关系,丁香酚对倒刺鲃鱼种的理想麻醉浓度约20 mg/L.经30 mg/L的丁香酚深度麻醉,在空气中暴露15 min后,鱼体复苏所需的平均时间为2.6 min,复苏率达100%;将被深度麻醉的鱼种立即转入10 mg/L的丁香酚中继续浸泡10 h后,复苏率和48 h内成活率均为100%.水温23～29℃时,在相同浓度条件下,温度越高,麻醉所需时间越短,复苏所需时间越长.     

丁香酚对日本黄姑鱼麻醉效果的研究

为研究丁香酚对日本黄姑鱼的麻醉效果,用体长95 mm的日本黄姑鱼进行了麻醉试验。结果表明,水温25～26℃时,5 mg/L浓度的丁香酚药液对日本黄姑鱼只能起到轻度镇静作用;浓度在10～50mg/L时,浓度与麻醉所需的时间呈负相关,与复苏时间呈正相关;最理想的麻醉浓度为20～40 mg/L。鱼体在浓度20～30 mg/L的丁香酚药液中药浴15 min,能全部复苏;在浓度40 mg/L下药浴9 min,能全部复苏。采用浓度20～30 mg/L的丁香酚药液对鱼体深度麻醉后,鱼体在空气中暴露9 min后能全部复苏,且复苏时间随着药液浓度的升高而变长。     

2-苯氧乙醇和丁香酚对许氏平鲉幼鱼麻醉效果的实验研究

研究了2-苯氧乙醇、丁香酚麻醉两个规格许氏平鲉幼鱼的效果。幼鱼呼吸频率随麻醉剂浓度的上升而显著下降(P0.001),在高浓度液(2-苯氧乙醇:500、600、800μl/L;丁香酚:60、80μl/L)中可在短时间内降低为0(休克),在中浓度液(2-苯氧乙醇:400μl/L;丁香酚:30、40μl/L)中存在不同程度下降,而低浓度液(2-苯氧乙醇:200、300μl/L;丁香酚:10、20μl/L)对呼吸频率总体影响较小。同等浓度麻醉剂对小规格幼鱼呼吸频率的影响(P0.01)高于大规格幼鱼。2-苯氧乙醇中大规格幼鱼的入麻、休克和复苏时间均长于小规格幼鱼(P0.05)。大规格幼鱼对麻醉剂的耐受能力强于小规格幼鱼;复苏能力方面,丁香酚麻醉的大规格幼鱼复苏迟于小规格幼鱼,但2-苯氧乙醇麻醉的大、小规格幼鱼复苏时间无差异。综合考虑入麻、休克、复苏时间和死亡率,认为使用2-苯氧乙醇、丁香酚麻醉许氏平鲉幼鱼的理想浓度分别为300、20μl/L。     

丁香酚对花鲈幼鱼的麻醉效果

为研究丁香酚对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼的麻醉效果。采用静水方法在水温(27±1)℃下研究不同质量浓度丁香酚(20、25、30、40、50、60、80 mg/L和100 mg/L)对规格为(21.6±2.75)cm长和(110.3±30.67)g重的花鲈麻醉效果和呼吸频率的影响。25~100 mg/L质量浓度的丁香酚均能使花鲈进入深度麻醉期,且麻醉浓度与平均入麻时间呈负相关,与平均复苏时间成正相关;丁香酚质量浓度为50 mg/L时,麻醉效果较好。低浓度丁香酚20 mg/L对花鲈呼吸频率影响不明显。在质量浓度达到40~100 mg/L时,鱼体由麻醉期(A3)进入深度麻醉期(A4),呼吸频率迅速降低。以50 mg/L丁香酚将花鲈麻醉后再在空气中进行暴露,暴露时间与复苏时间呈正相关。暴露时间在2~30 min范围内的复苏率为100%。当时间增加至35、40和45 min时,复苏率降低至66%,33%和0。且暴露时间大于20 min花鲈只能进入恢复期3期(R3)。因此,50 mg/L的丁香酚麻醉液是花鲈幼鱼的理想麻醉浓度。     

丁香酚对大黄鱼麻醉效果的研究

丁香酚 (Ｅｎｇｅｎｏｌ ) ,又称子丁香酚 ,是一种毒性较小的植物香料 ,在医学上作为牙科的镇痛剂被广泛使用。 1 972年 ,日本的远藤发现这种香料对鱼有强烈的麻醉效果 ,开始将它作为麻醉剂进行了系列研究。近年来 ,丁香酚因为具有价廉易得 ,对人体健康无影响 ,其液体制剂在淡水和海水中溶解性好等特点而被广泛应用于亲鱼采卵、活鱼运输以及手术过程中。大黄鱼是一种名贵的海水鱼 ,但体质娇嫩 ,性情暴躁 ,离水后因应激反应较大而易死亡 ,给运输以及养殖操作带来一定困难。因此 ,寻求一种对大黄鱼有较好麻醉效果的药物并确定其合适的麻醉剂量…     

MS-222和丁香酚对暗纹东方鲀幼鱼麻醉效果的比较研究

为研究MS-222和丁香酚对暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)幼鱼的麻醉效果,选择体质量为(71.37±3.24)g的幼鱼进行实验。根据暗纹东方鲀幼鱼麻醉和复苏时的主要行为特征,将麻醉过程分为6期,复苏过程分为4期。结果显示:随着两种麻醉剂浓度的升高,幼鱼的麻醉时间逐渐缩短,复苏时间逐渐延长;MS-222和丁香酚分别在浓度60 mg·L~(-1)和30 mg·L~(-1)时,幼鱼的最终麻醉程度达到麻醉6期(延髓麻醉期);MS-222浓度在120～140 mg·L~(-1)、丁香酚浓度在60～70 mg·L~(-1)时,幼鱼均可在3 min内麻醉、5 min内复苏;随着水温的上升,幼鱼的麻醉时间和复苏时间均呈现缩短的趋势。幼鱼进入麻醉6期后,随着暴露在空气中时间的增加,MS-222处理组幼鱼的复苏时间先缩短后延长,暴露25 min时复苏时间已超过对照组(未暴露),此后复苏时间明显增加,幼鱼成活率为100%;丁香酚处理组幼鱼复苏时间随暴露时间延长持续上升,暴露6 min后复苏时间上升趋势加快,暴露15 min之前幼鱼成活率为100%,暴露20 min时幼鱼成活率降低到80%。研究表明,120～140 mg·L~(-1)的MS-222和60～70 mg·L~(-1)的丁香酚均对暗纹东方鲀幼鱼有良好的麻醉效果,具有麻醉时间短、复苏快的特点,两者均可作为暗纹东方鲀幼鱼的理想麻醉剂。     

丁香酚对罗非鱼的麻醉效果

对罗非鱼进行丁香酚药浴实验,研究丁香酚药浴浓度、药浴时间以及鱼体规格对麻醉效果的影响。结果表明:在10~120mg·L-1范围内,随着丁香酚药浴浓度的增加,罗非鱼麻醉时间逐渐缩短,苏醒时间逐渐增长,罗非鱼麻醉复苏率均为100%;丁香酚药浴浓度为45mg·L-1时,罗非鱼可以在3min内麻醉,5min内苏醒,为最适药浴浓度。在最适药浴浓度条件下,丁香酚对罗非鱼的麻醉效果与鱼的规格无相关性,且药浴时间超过120min,罗非鱼复苏率呈降低趋势,浸泡时间达到300min时,罗非鱼的死亡率为100%。     

丁香酚对斑马鱼麻醉效果的研究

采用丁香酚对斑马鱼(0.36±0.03 g)进行了麻醉效果和急性毒性研究。麻醉试验的结果显示:水温28±1 ℃下,丁香酚对斑马鱼的理想麻醉浓度为20 mg·L-1,麻醉时间为2.25±0.028 min,复苏时间为0.94±0.048 min;麻醉时间11 min内,复苏率均为100 %。急性毒性试验的结果显示:水温28±1 ℃下,丁香酚对斑马鱼96 h的LC₅₀为5.97 mg·L-1,95 %可信范围为5.36~6.66 mg·L-1,安全浓度(SC)为0.60 mg·L-1。试验结果表明,作为一种鱼用麻醉剂,丁香酚在一定的范围内有效,生产试验使用中应进一步关注其有效性、安全性和潜在影响。     

黄斑篮子鱼消化道组织学和组织化学研究

采用HE和AB—PAS染色方法分别从组织学和组织化学方面对黄斑篮子鱼（Siganus oramin）消化道进行了研究。结果显示,黄斑篮子鱼口小,口咽腔不宽阔。上颌具细长、尖锐齿,下颌齿短,排列紧密。犁骨、腭骨和舌上无齿。鳃耙齿分叉,食道细长,胃部稍膨大,“V”型,幽门盲囊5～6条,肠长比为2．73。胃腺发达,为管状腺体,开口于胃小凹。幽门部粘膜褶高度降低,褶皱上开始出现类似肠绒毛结构。前肠均分布有许多长条形粘膜褶,空泡状杯状细胞丰富。依据AB—PAS的染色结果将该鱼}肖化道的粘液细胞分为4种类型：I型呈红色,Ⅱ型呈蓝色,Ⅲ型呈紫红色,Ⅳ型呈蓝紫色。食道以Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型为主,胃、肠道和幽门盲囊主要以Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型为主,后肠中Ⅱ型〉III型〉IV型,其中中肠和后肠Ⅱ型占总粘液细胞的比率最大。     

黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)对北方养殖网箱网衣附着藻类的生物清除作用

高温季节网衣附着藻类的大量附着是北方网箱养殖产业面临的主要问题之一,生物清除策略是解决这一问题的有效手段.本研究利用黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)作为网衣附着藻类生物清除的工具种,于2015年6-11月,采用室内实验和现场观测相结合的方法,系统研究了桑沟湾楮岛海域网箱养殖区不同水层网衣附着藻类生物量的月际变化、黄斑篮子鱼对优势藻类的摄食能力及对网衣藻类的清除效果.结果显示,同一月份不同深度附着藻类生物量的日均增长量有一定差异,且不同水层在8月7日-9月14日时间段内的藻类附着日均增长量均显著高于其他月份(P＜0.01),各个月份海头红(Plocamium telfairiae)均为该区域的优势种类.构建了适温条件下黄斑篮子鱼对海头红的碳收支方程:100摄入碳=11.69生长碳+10.82粪便碳+6.06排泄碳+71.43代谢碳.初始体重为(1.44±0.61)g的黄斑篮子鱼经过152 d的养殖,平均体重达到(45.38±4.22)g,日均增重0.26 g.海区网箱内有无黄斑篮子鱼的对比实验显示,其对不同月份网衣附着藻类的清除率在80.28％-90.15％之间.研究表明,黄斑篮子鱼对网衣附着藻类有较高的清除效率,可以作为清除网衣附着生物的工具种.     

点篮子鱼幼鱼的热耐受特征

为研究驯化温度对点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)幼鱼热耐受特征的影响,实验设置了5组驯化水温(19℃、22℃、25℃、28℃和31℃),采用临界温度法对点篮子鱼幼鱼[(2.163±0.450)g]进行研究。结果显示:各驯化温度下(19℃、22℃、25℃、28℃和31℃)的最大临界温度(CTmax)和最小临界温度(CTmin)分别为37.26℃、37.72℃、39.49℃、39.75℃、39.90℃和13.11℃、13.14℃、14.22℃、14.29℃、17.28℃;最大致死温度(LTmax)和最小致死温度(LTmin)分别为37.76℃、38.18℃、39.88℃、40.79℃、40.93℃和11.69℃、11.75℃、11.85℃、12.41℃、15.39℃。点篮子鱼幼鱼在19℃、22℃、25℃、28℃和31℃驯化温度下的温度耐受幅分别为24.15℃、24.58℃、25.27℃、25.46℃、22.62℃;高温驯化反应率最大值出现在22~25℃区间内,为0.663;低温驯化反应率最大值出现在31~28℃区间内,为0.997。19~31℃驯化区间内的热耐受区域面积为296.085℃2。研究结果表明,随着驯化温度的升高,最大临界温度和最大致死温度逐渐增大;随驯化温度的降低,最小临界温度和最小致死温度逐渐减小。点篮子鱼幼鱼的热耐受性明显受到驯化温度的影响。     

黄斑篮子鱼肌肉营养成分与品质的评价

测定分析了10尾黄斑篮子鱼的肌肉营养成分.结果表明,黄斑篮子鱼肌肉(鲜样)中水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的质量分数分别为74.52%、1.09%、19.64%和4.71%.肌肉中含有18 种氨基酸,总量为68.33%(质量分数,干样),其中8 种人体必需氨基酸(EAA)总量是30.40%,占氨基酸总量的44.48%;其必需氨基酸的构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)的标准.黄斑篮子鱼的限制性氨基酸为(蛋氨酸 胱氨酸)和色氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为61.07,4 种鲜味氨基酸(DAA)总量为24.36%(质量分数,干样).脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为3.13%和18.03%,明显的高于其它几种经济鱼类;矿物元素比例合理,微量元素中锌和硒含量较丰富,表明黄斑篮子鱼具有较高的食用价值与保健作用.     

Dietary protein requirement of juvenile marbled spinefoot rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus

Rabbitfish are an Indo‐Pacific herbivorous marine fish that have good market demand and are suitable for aquaculture. The present work was performed to determine dietary protein inclusion necessary for optimal growth of juvenile rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus. Six diets with increasing levels of protein (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g crude protein 100 g^?1 feed) and similar levels of gross energy (20 MJ kg^?1) were prepared and offered to S. rivulatus juveniles maintained in triplicate cages placed in two large water tanks for 49 days. Growth progressively improved with dietary protein for fish offered diets from 10% to 40% protein inclusion. Diets with greater protein levels did not improve fish growth beyond that observed in the 40% group. Daily feed intake, apparent protein utilization and feed conversion ratio decreased as dietary protein increased. Protein efficiency (PE) was greatest (1.47) in fish offered the 10% protein diet and least in fish offered the 60% protein diet (0.80). No differences in PE were observed among all other treatments (20–50%). Results of the present work suggest that minimum dietary requirement for suitable growth of S. rivulatus juveniles is 40% protein when digestible energy of the diet is 16–18 MJ kg^?1.     

Effects of temperature on survival and growth of juvenile spinefoot rabbitfish (Siganus rivulatus)

Interest in culturing marbled spinefoot rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus is increasing in countries on the Eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea and Arabian Gulf. However, information on environmental tolerances and requirements for optimal growth are scarce. In the present work, the temperature requirements for spinefoot rabbitfish were investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, juvenile rabbitfish were distributed into eight 180 L square tanks at 12 fish per tank. The temperature in four tanks was reduced at a rate of 1 °C day^?1 and in four tanks was increased by 1 °C day^?1 until the fish stopped feeding. Minimum and maximum temperatures for feeding were recorded. In the second experiment, the fish were placed in four temperature treatments (17, 22, 27, 32 °C) at four replicates per treatment for 8 weeks. Survival and growth were evaluated. Fish stopped feeding at 14 and 36 °C. Their maximum growth rate was at 27 °C, and survival was 100% in all treatments. The relationship between specific growth rate and temperature was parabolic, described by the equation: SGR=?0.0014 (T³)+0.0798 (T²)?1.3089 (T)+6.7342. The results show that S. rivulatus is a eurythermal fish whose optimal temperature for growth is circa 27 °C.     

Effects of salinity on standard metabolic rate of juvenile marbled spinefoot (Siganus rivulatus)

Marbled spinefoot, Siganus rivulatus, is a herbivorous euryhaline teleost widely distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean. It is an economically valuable species and a suitable candidate for warm water aquaculture. Accordingly, understanding the effects of environmental factors on fish metabolism is important to optimize culture conditions. Two experiments were performed to establish standard metabolic rate and study the effect of salinity on metabolism of marbled spinefoot. In the first experiment, a series of flow‐through respirometry experiments was performed at 27°C and 35 g L^?1. The standard metabolic rate of marbled spinefoot juveniles was calculated as 0.57 ± 0.02 mg O₂ g^?1 h^?1 (mean ± SE). In the second experiment, fish were maintained at salinities of 25, 30, 35 and 40 g L^?1 for 2 weeks. Flow‐through respirometry was performed to measure respiration rates at the various salinities. Respiration rates were similar among fish in salinities of 30, 35 and 40 g L^?1 but increased significantly at 25 g L^?1. Results suggest that despite the euryhalinity of marbled spinefoot, farmers should maintain salinity within the optimal range of 30–40 g L^?1 in order to improve productivity.     

Anaesthetic efficacy of eugenol on Flowerhorn (Amphilophus labiatus × Amphilophus trimaculatus)

Anaesthetic efficacy of eugenol was investigated on Flowerhorn (Amphilophus labiatus × Amphilophus trimaculatus). A total of 104 fish with average weights of 12 ± 2.5, 28 ± 5 and 53 ±5.1 g were subjected to 25–200 mg L^?1 eugenol and behavioural responses as well as induction and recovery times were recorded. Induction and recovery times were significantly affected by eugenol concentration as well as fish weight (P < 0.05). Generally, 49.9–127.3 s after exposure to 50–200 mg L^?1 eugenol, fish reached stage 3 anaesthesia (suitable for general handling). Fish entered stage 4 anaesthesia (suitable for surgery and blood sampling) over 57.3–140.4 s post exposure to such concentrations. Recovery time was 91.7–312 s in all weight classes for all eugenol concentrations. Mortality (23%) was only observed in 12‐g fish when were subjected to 200 mg L^?1 eugenol. This study showed the behavioural response of Flowerhorn to anaesthesia and eugenol efficacy as an anaesthetic in this important ornamental species. The general quadratic equation revealed that concentrations of eugenol and fish size along with their interactive effects have significantly contributed to the model, with concentration recording the highest beta value in all models (β = ?0.809, ?0.818 and ?0.909, P = 0.000). According to the results, minimum eugenol concentration to induce anaesthesia in less than 3 min was 50 mg L^?1.     

低温胁迫对点篮子鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

将点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)幼鱼由25℃转移至14℃、15℃、16℃、17℃和18℃条件下处理96h,测定在不同温度下、不同时间点点篮子鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量变化,探讨了温度骤降对点篮子鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示:随着温度的降低和处理时间的延长,除14℃组外,其余各组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性均呈现先升后降的趋势;14℃组,SOD和GPX活性在3 h时达到最高值,随着处理时间的延长,酶活性持续下降,在96 h时达到最低;14℃组CAT活性在处理后持续降低,在12 h时达到最低,之后逐渐升高并在96 h时显著高于对照组。所有处理组中MDA含量随着处理时间的延长呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,最终各组MDA含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。实验表明,温度骤降能激活点篮子鱼幼鱼肝脏中抗氧化酶活性,消除低温应激产生的活性氧自由基(ROS),但肝脏内MDA含量显著增加,表明点篮子鱼仍处于氧化应激状态。在14℃时,抗氧化酶活性变化趋势与25℃及其余温度处理组间均存在明显差异,表明此实验条件下鱼体不能适应14℃的温度。     

Substitution of fish meal by soybean meal in diets for juvenile marbled spinefoot,Siganus rivulatus

The present work was performed to assess whether soybean meal (SBM) could replace fish meal (FM) as a source of dietary protein in diets of the marine herbivore Siganus rivulatus. Five iso-nitrogenous (40% protein) and iso-energetic (14 MJ/Kg) diets were prepared with SBM replacing fish meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% dietary protein. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted with 240 juvenile S. rivulatus (initial body mass 1.74 ± 0.03 g). Survival, growth, feed, and protein efficiency and hematological parameters were assessed. Growth correlated negatively with increase in dietary SBM. All production parameters measured were negatively affected at all levels of SBM inclusion. There were no effects on total or differential blood counts, hemoglobin, or plasma protein, but hematocrit values were negatively correlated with SBM addition. Results suggest that total replacement of FM by SBM without adding other supplements is not recommended, even for an herbivorous marine fish such as S. rivulatus.