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豆粕是常用的优质的蛋白质饲料,但其中含有较多抗营养因子,会影响各种营养物质的消化吸收和引起畜禽不良反应.本文介绍了豆粕中存在的抗营养因子的种类,并对其作用机理以及处理方法进行了简要阐述,以期为豆粕在畜禽饲料中的广泛应用提供依据. 相似文献
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豆粕中抗营养因子及抗营养机理的研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
豆粕中的蛋白质含量较高,营养成分比较齐全、平衡,是单胃动物很好的日粮蛋白源.但豆粕中还存在多种抗营养因子,对动物体内某些消化酶有着抑制作用或与营养物质络合成不易消化的成分,对动物体内的某些器官具有破坏作用,对动物的生理、生长、健康等造成不良的影响.现就豆粕中存在的主要抗营养因子及其抗营养机理的研究进展简述如下. 相似文献
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豆粕中抗营养因子处理技术研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
豆粕中的蛋白质含量高,营养成分比较齐全且平衡,是单胃动物很好的日粮蛋白源。但是,豆粕中还存在胰蛋白酶抑制剂、大豆凝血素、大豆抗原蛋白(致敏因子)、脲酶、低聚糖、脂肪氧化酶、植酸及致甲状腺肿素等多种抗营养因子。它们 相似文献
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本文旨在研究不同微生物和酶发酵豆粕对去除豆粕中抗营养因子的影响。将豆粕、不同的微生物或酶均匀混合,同时控制适当的水分,转入发酵呼吸袋内,密封,37℃培养箱内培养3 d,结束后60℃烘干,粉碎过60目取样,检测豆粕中水苏糖、棉籽糖、大豆球蛋白、β-伴球蛋白、胰蛋白酶抑制因子、脲酶等抗营养因子的含量变化。结果表明:酿酒酵母对水苏糖、棉籽糖的去除作用最大,去除率达90%,乳酸菌对水苏糖、棉籽糖的去除效率次之,达60%;蛋白酶对大豆抗原蛋白和β-伴球蛋白的消除作用最佳,去除率分别达70%和50%;菌酶协同发酵对单种抗营养因子的消除并无提高,但可以同时有效去除多种抗营养因子。从结果可以看出,不同的微生物或酶对豆粕中不同的抗营养因子去除效率存在差异,通过菌酶协同发酵,可以实现大部分抗营养因子的同时去除。 相似文献
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不同处理方法对豆粕抗营养因子的消除效果研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
豆粕是一种优异的植物蛋白饲料,蛋白含量高,且氨基酸组成合理,动物对其利用率高,近年来又发现大豆中含有丰富的提高动物免疫力的大豆异黄酮等物质,更是受到人们的欢迎.但豆粕由于含有多种抗营养因子(antinutritional factors,ANF)如胰蛋白酶抑制因子、尿素酶等热敏感ANF和引起动物腹泻的胀气因子大豆寡糖如棉籽三糖、水苏四糖等热不敏感ANF,因此限制了豆粕在仔猪和高档水产饲料中的应用.人们对抗营养因子的消除进行了积极的探索,其中有化学法、物理方法和生物学方法.下面笔者就不同处理方法对豆粕抗营养因子的消除效果进行综述. 相似文献
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Three sheep, each fitted with a ruminal cannula and duodenal re-entrant cannulae were given three isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets in a Latin Square design. Each diet contained approximately 60% DM as barley grain and 40% of total N as either white fish meal, soya-bean meal or urea. These diets were fed continuously and supplied about 28 g N/day. Diets containing such large amounts of barley grain usually produce wide variations in the rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) proportions and these have been correlated with various other digestive characteristics. Several ruminal and duodenal components were measured in this study and interrelationships between them sought. The molar proportions of VFA varied widely from 45-67% for acetate, 13-48% for propionate and 7-23% for butyrate. Rumen pH was positively correlated with acetate (P less than 0.01), but negatively so with propionate (P less than 0.01) and butyrate (P less than 0.1). The numbers of rumen ciliate protozoa also varied widely and were related to rumen pH (P less than 0.05) and VFA proportions; positively to acetate (P less than 0.001) and butyrate (P less than 0.01) but negatively to propionate (P less than 0.001). Duodenal N was always less than fed N. The mean composition of this duodenal N was 10.1% ammonia-N, 6.7% RNA-N, 79.0% amino acid-N and 7.3% was unaccounted for. Efficiencies of synthesis of microbial and bacterial crude protein (derived from 35S and 2,6-diaminopimelic acid data) ranged from 10.5 to 42.2 g microbial N per kg apparently digested organic matter (ADOM) and 5.0 to 27.9 g bacterial N per kg ADOM. Division of VFA patterns into either propionate or butyrate type fermentations suggested several further interrelationships. No relationship was established between these fermentation patterns and the extent or efficiency of microbial crude protein synthesis. Possible interrelationships between different digestive characteristics are discussed and a plea made for both more extensive and intensive experimentation before such designation of cause and effect can be assigned. 相似文献
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膨化羽毛粉的加工技术及营养价值评定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对羽毛杆水解-膨化联合加工技术研究,生产质量稳定的膨化羽毛粉。结果表明:膨化羽毛粉的氨基酸消化率为86.25%,代谢能为13.29MJ/kg,达到了常用蛋白质饲料的可消化率要求。优化工艺参数和膨化助剂的应用,使胱氨酸得到有效保护,也解决了直接膨化产量低的问题。 相似文献
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<正>鱼粉是畜、禽、水产饲料中一种非常重要的动物性蛋白质原料,它在饲料工业中的地位不容取代。目前,由于我国渔业资源相对匮乏,鱼粉的价格一直居高不下。本文主要从蛋白质鲜度指标、油脂新鲜度指标和霉变程度等几个卫生学指标对鱼粉的品质进行科学的评价。 相似文献
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生产优质苜蓿草粉的加工技术与市场开发 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
紫花苜蓿 (MedicagosativaL .)是世界上栽培历史最悠久、面积最大的多年生豆科牧草 ,它既可肥田 ,促进农作物增产 ,又能养畜 ,营养价值甚至比一些谷物精饲料还高 (洪绂曾 ,1 995 ) ,有“牧草之王”的美誉。目前 ,我国苜蓿种植面积已达1 33 33万hm2 ,产区主要分布在北方 ,用于调制干草 ,制作草粉。干燥方式基本为自然干燥 ,由于自然干燥过程时间长 ,受雨淋、阳光曝晒等影响 ,牧草的粗蛋白质、碳水化合物、胡萝卜素及必需氨基酸等营养成分损失较大 ,草质下降 (张秀芬等 ,1 991 )。王钦 ( 1 993)报道 ,在调制苜蓿干草过程中 ,… 相似文献
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<正>Ingalls等[1](1950)发现了一只近亲繁殖的小鼠食欲亢进、过度肥胖(体脂含量超过50%),并患有糖尿病和不育症。研究发现,这只小鼠的肥胖是由一个基因发生了隐性突变引起的,故将此基因称为肥胖基因(obesegene,ob基因),这只小鼠也因此被称为ob/ob 相似文献
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卧式混合机的混合机理、结构性能特点及发展前景分析 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
在饲料生产过程中,混合工序是决定饲料产品质量及生产效率的关键环节。因此,作为混合工序主导设备的混合机,其性能的好坏与作业效果如何,将直接影响饲料厂的产品质量和生产效率。目前国内所生产和使用的卧式混合机基本上以常规的螺旋环带式混合机和双轴桨叶式混合机为主。本文将分别对其混合机理、性能特点及发展前景作一探讨。1双螺旋环带式混合机1.1结构特点及混合机理双螺旋环带式混合机的转子是由内、外两条螺旋环带所组成。内外螺旋环带为等螺距、单头双层,结构比较简单、制造较容易,混合原理主要以对流混合为主。由于内外螺旋环带旋向… 相似文献
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1. The potential for improving the nutritive value of commercial solvent-extracted, heat-treated soya-bean meal (SBM) by protease treatment was measured using growing broiler chicks and tube-fed broiler cockerels. 2. SBM was pre-treated (50 degrees C for 2 h) with water alone; at alkaline pH (initial pH 8.25) with and without protease P1 (isolated from a Bacillus species) or at acid pH (initial pH 4.5) with and without protease P2 (isolated from an Aspergillus species) and incorporated into diets (290 g SBM/kg diet) for broiler chicks (20 chicks/treatment). Only protease P2 treatment improved chick performance; from 7 to 28 d of age, chicks fed on treated SBM had greater feed intakes and gained more weight than chicks fed on untreated SBM. Both proteases P1 and P2 significantly reduced chick serum anti-soya antibodies while protease P2 treatment increased apparent ileal nitrogen (N) digestibility and apparent N retention across the whole digestive tract. 3. Two tube-feeding experiments established that, of the treated SBMs used in experiment 1, only protease P2 treatment improved apparent N digestibility and true metabolisable energy. Also it was shown that increasing the temperature at which treated SBM was dried to 60 degrees C, compared with freeze-drying or drying at 50 degrees C reduced apparent N digestibility and true metabolisable energy of SBM with no significant interactions between enzyme treatment and drying temperature for both apparent N digestibility and TME. 4. It is concluded that, overall, the nutritional value of SBM assayed in a growth trial and by tube feeding was improved by treatment with protease P2 and not by treatment with protease P1. 相似文献
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为早期断奶仔猪设计日粮始终是一项带有挑战性的任务。仔猪日粮从母乳转换为干饲料过渡期间,使其饲料采食量达到最高,是饲料调制者所追求但却很难达到的一个目标。日粮的转变使种种养分的来源从母乳变成了碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的复合物。如果消化不好会造成仔猪生长发育不良。 研究人员指出,消化不良的主要原因是仔猪胃内产生的某些糖酶和蛋白酶不足,以及胃内盐酸不足。还可能有其它原因,如小肠的绒毛受到损伤,以及饲料厂的过敏源所引起的细胞免疫反 相似文献